Paul Craig Roberts
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Paul Craig Roberts (born April 3, 1939) is an American economist and author. He formerly held a sub-cabinet office in the United States federal government as well as teaching positions at several U.S. universities. He is a promoter of supply-side economics and an opponent of recent U.S. foreign policy.
Roberts received a doctorate from the University of Virginia where he studied under G. Warren Nutter. He worked as an analyst and adviser at the United States Congress where he was credited as the primary author of the original draft of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981. He was the United States Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Economic Policy under President Ronald Reagan and – after leaving government – held the William E. Simon chair in economics at the Center for Strategic and International Studies for ten years and served on several corporate boards. A former associate editor at The Wall Street Journal, his articles have also appeared in The New York Times and Harper's, and he is the author of more than a dozen books and a number of peer-reviewed papers.
Since retiring, he has been accused of antisemitism and conspiracy theorizing by the Southern Poverty Law Center and others.
Early life and educationEdit
Paul Craig Roberts III was born in Atlanta, Georgia on April 3, 1939,<ref name="nyt1" /> to Paul Craig Roberts and Ellen Roberts (née Dryman).<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Subscription required</ref>
Roberts received a Bachelor of Science degree in industrial management from the Georgia Institute of Technology where he was initiated into the Phi Delta Theta fraternity.<ref name="nyt1"/><ref name="ac1961">Template:Cite newsTemplate:Subscription required</ref> After university, in 1961, he was awarded a Lisle Fellowship to undertake a tour of the Soviet Union.<ref name="nyt1"/><ref name="ac1961"/> According to a later profile of Roberts in The New York Times, his experience watching a queue for meat in Tashkent led to him becoming "born again" as an adherent of supply side economics.<ref name="nyt1"/>
Upon his return to the United States, Roberts enrolled in graduate courses at the University of California Berkeley and Stanford University, before earning a PhD in economics from the University of Virginia where he studied as a Thomas Jefferson Scholar.<ref name="nyt1"/><ref name="ac1961"/> His dissertation, prepared under the supervision of G. Warren Nutter, was titled An Administrative Analysis of Oskar Lange's Theory of Socialist Planning and evolved what Roberts described as "seminal but neglected" ideas set-out by Michael Polanyi in his 1951 text The Logic of Liberty.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
On completion of his doctoral studies, Roberts spent a year on a research fellowship at the University of Oxford, where he was a member of Merton College.<ref name="nyt1"/><ref name="rr1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
CareerEdit
Early careerEdit
Roberts began his career with teaching assignments at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, the University of New Mexico, Stanford University, and Tulane University.<ref name="nyt1"/> He was a professor of business administration and professor of economics at George Mason University and was the inaugural William E. Simon Chair in Political Economy at Georgetown University, serving for 12 years. While a visiting professor at Georgetown University, he was hired as economics counsel to United States Congressman Jack Kemp, later also serving as economics counsel to United States Senator Orrin Hatch, as staff associate with the Defense Appropriations Subcommittee, and as chief economist with the minority staff of the United States House of Representatives Committee on the Budget.<ref name="nyt1"/><ref name="rr1"/> He has been credited as the primary author of the original draft of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
During this time, he also contributed columns to Harper's and The New York Times and served as associate editor of The Wall Street JournalTemplate:'s opinion page.<ref name="nyt1"/><ref name="rr1"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Later careerEdit
In December 1980, along with Alan Greenspan and Herbert Stein, Roberts was one of the three speakers at the two-day National Forum on Jobs, Money and People at the Innisbrook Resort and Golf Club in Palm Harbor, Florida.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Two months later, in 1981, he was appointed by President of the United States Ronald Reagan as Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Economic Policy.<ref name="rr1"/> As Assistant Treasury Secretary he was a driver behind the economic policy of the first term of the Reagan administration and was lauded as the "economic conscience of Ronald Reagan".<ref name="lgon"/> Nonetheless, his singular zealousness for supply-side economics provoked ire in some quarters within the government, with Larry Kudlow – then an official in the Office of Management and Budget – saying that "Craig saw himself as the keeper of the Reagan flame. Only Craig knew what was right. No one else knew what was right".<ref name="nyt1"/> Roberts' concern about U.S. budget deficits led him into conflict with other Reagan-era officials such as Martin Feldstein and David Stockman.<ref name="nyt1"/>
Roberts resigned in February 1982 to return to academia.<ref name="nyt1">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He was a senior research fellow at the Hoover Institution, from 1983 to 1993 was the William E. Simon Chair in Political Economy at the Center for Strategic and International Studies and, from 1993 to 1996, a distinguished fellow at the Cato Institute.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="cs"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
From 1983 to 2019, Roberts served as a board director of nine different Value Line investment funds.<ref name="bloomberg">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Between 1992 and 2006 he sat on the board of directors of A. Schulman and, according to the company, was its longest-serving independent director at the time of his retirement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Post-retirement writing and mediaEdit
In the 2000s, Roberts wrote columns for Creators Syndicate.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Later, he contributed to CounterPunch, becoming one of its most popular writers.<ref name="ijc">Template:Cite journal</ref> He has been a regular guest on programs broadcast by RT (formerly known as Russia Today).<ref name="Holland">Template:Cite news</ref> As of 2008, he was part of the editorial collective of the far right website VDARE.<ref name="Southern Poverty Law Center">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He has been funded by the Unz Foundation.Template:Citation needed His writings are published by Veterans Today, InfoWars, PressTV and GlobalResearch, and he is frequently a guest on the podcasts, radio shows and video channels of the Council of Conservative Citizens, Max Keiser and 9/11 truther Kevin Barrett.<ref name="Holland"/> His own website publishes the work of Israel Shamir and Diana Johnstone.<ref name="Holland"/>
WorkEdit
ViewsEdit
Economic policyEdit
Roberts' commitment to supply-side economics has been a dominant feature of his career.<ref name="silver"/> Writing in 1984, Thomas B. Silver said that adherents of supply-side economics had "no more formidable advocate in their ranks" than Roberts.<ref name="silver"/> However, Roberts has expressed skepticism at the ability of government to lower taxes and decrease regulation, positing that the personal political ambition of officeholders tends to promote meddling in the economy, a criticism he has directed even at the former Reagan administration of which he was a part.<ref name="silver">Template:Cite news</ref>
Ron Hira of the Economic Policy Institute has described Roberts as one of the first prominent economists to "break from the orthodoxy" by opposing offshoring; Roberts believes that the practice is "lethal for America's future".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> According to him, "a country that doesn't make anything doesn’t need a financial sector as there is nothing to finance".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2004, Paul Blustein in The Washington Post described him as heretical in relation to mainstream US economics for challenging the positive impact of free trade.<ref name="Washington Post 2004">Template:Cite news</ref>
Roberts is also a critic of the Federal Reserve System and central banking in general.<ref name="Delamaide">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Holland"/>
Society and cultureEdit
According to Roberts, "the West in general suffers from an excess of skepticism about its own values and accomplishments. We're being gobbled up by nihilism, itself the product of unbridled skepticism. It's hard to anchor on to the verities anymore".<ref name="nyt1"/> He has expressed his opposition to Affirmative Action policies and dismissed the existence of white male privilege.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In an opinion column for Scripps Howard News Service in 1997, Roberts opposed gender integration aboard U.S. Navy vessels, opining that gender integration would destroy the "ethos of comradeship" which, in his view, motivated wartime sacrifice more than "abstract concepts such as honor and country".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In The New Color Line (1995), Roberts and co-author Lawrence M. Stratton argue that the Civil Rights Act was subverted by the bureaucrats who applied it.<ref name="Rees">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Jacoby">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Naison">Template:Cite news</ref>
He believes the US is a police state.<ref name="Holland"/>
Drug policyEdit
Writing in 1995, Roberts expressed skepticism at the war on drugs, saying that it "perfectly illustrates the maxim 'the road to hell is paved with good intentions'."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In The Tyranny of Good Intentions (2000), Roberts and co-author Lawrence Stratton argued that the opposition of some American conservatives to drug-policy reform was an example of "the right's myopia".<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Foreign policyEdit
He is a strong opponent of neoconservatism, saying, "the neocons are the worst thing that ever happened to the United States. (They’re) really the scum of the earth… They should all be picked up and shipped out of the country. They all belong in Israel. That’s where they should be. Pick ’em up, ship ’em to Israel, revoke their passports."<ref name="Holland" />
Roberts has stated his opposition to United States involvement in the post-2001 War in Afghanistan and to the 2003 invasion of Iraq.<ref name="froomkin"/> According to Roberts, "the Bush regime’s response to 9/11 and the Obama regime’s validation of this response have destroyed accountable, democratic government in the United States".<ref name="ijc"/> He believes the US is a puppet government of Israel.<ref name="Holland"/>
He supports Russian president Vladimir Putin, blames Euromaidan and the Syrian civil war on a neocon plot, and argues that human rights NGOs working in Russia are part of a “US fifth column” working to undermine its government.<ref name="Holland"/>
Charges of conspiracy theorizing and antisemitismEdit
Writing in USA Today, Darrell Delamaide has described Roberts as a "conspiracy theorist",<ref name="Delamaide"/> a charge echoed by Luke Brinker of Salon, and Michael C. Moynihan of The Daily Beast, who has also described him as partaking in "Putin worship".<ref name=brinkerluke>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=MoynihanMichaelC>Template:Cite news</ref> Roberts has rejected the label and, in turn, described Jonathan Chait and Amy Knight as conspiracy theorists.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Roberts has described himself as a "9/11 skeptic" and spoken at 9/11 Truth movement events.<ref name="froomkin">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=mattwelch/><ref name="Southern Poverty Law Center 2010">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Holland"/> Regarding the assassination of John F. Kennedy, Roberts has written that "all evidence pointed to a plot by the Joint Chiefs, CIA, and Secret Service whose right-wing leaders had concluded that President Kennedy was too 'soft on communism'".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He has also stated that the Charlie Hebdo shooting has many of the characteristics of a false flag operation" motivated in part “to stifle the growing European sympathy for the Palestinians and to realign Europe with Israel”.<ref name=mattwelch>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="You are being redirected...">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Washington Post noted that in 2014 Roberts speculated on his blog that Ebola originated as a US bioweapon and this was picked up by North Korea's state media.<ref name="Taylor 2014">Template:Cite news</ref>
Views on World War II and the HolocaustEdit
In 2019, Roberts wrote in support of the views of Holocaust denier David Irving, asserting that "Irving, without any doubt the best historian of the European part of World War II, learned at his great expense that challenging myths does not go unpunished... I will avoid the story of how this came to be, but, yes, you guessed it, it was the Zionists".<ref name="The Lies About World War II">The Lies About World War II By Paul Craig Roberts | May 15, 2019, Foreign Policy Journal</ref> Roberts added that "No German plans, or orders from Hitler, or from Himmler or anyone else have ever been found for an organized holocaust by gas and cremation of Jews... The "death camps" were in fact work camps. Auschwitz, for example, today a Holocaust museum, was the site of Germany's essential artificial rubber factory. Germany was desperate for a work force."<ref name="The Lies About World War II"/>
Personal lifeEdit
Roberts' wife, Linda, was born in the United Kingdom and professionally trained in ballet.<ref name="nyt1"/> The couple met while he was at the University of Oxford.<ref name="nyt1"/>
Honors and recognitionEdit
In 1981, Roberts was decorated with the United States Treasury Meritorious Service Award for "outstanding contributions to the formulation of United States economic policy".<ref name="cs">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 1987, he was invested into the French Legion of Honour at the rank of chevalier (knight) for his services to economics.<ref name="lgon">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 2015, Roberts received the International Journalism Award for Political Analysis from Club de Periodistas de Mexico.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 2017, Roberts received the Lifetime Achievement Award from Marquis Who's Who.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
WorksEdit
BooksEdit
- Alienation and the Soviet Economy: Toward a General Theory of Marxian Alienation, Organizational Principles, and the Soviet Economy (University of New Mexico Press, 1971) Template:ISBN
- Marx's Theory of Exchange, Alienation, and Crisis (Hoover Institution Press, 1973; 1983) Template:ISBN (Spanish language edition: 1974)
- The Supply Side Revolution: An Insider's Account of Policymaking in Washington (Harvard University Press, 1984) Template:ISBN (Chinese language edition: 2012)
- Warren Nutter, an Economist for All Time (American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1984) Template:ISBN
- Meltdown: Inside the Soviet Economy (Cato Institute, 1990) Template:ISBN
- The Capitalist Revolution in Latin America (Oxford University Press, 1997) Template:ISBN (Spanish language edition: 1999)
- Alienation and the Soviet Economy: The Collapse of the Socialist Era (Independent Institute, 1999: 2nd edition) Template:ISBN
- The New Color Line: How Quotas and Privilege Destroy Democracy (Regnery Publishing, 1997) Template:ISBN
- The Tyranny of Good Intentions: How Prosecutors and Bureaucrats Are Trampling the Constitution in the Name of Justice (2000) Template:ISBN (Broadway Books, 2008: new edition)
- Chile: Dos Visiones La Era Allende-Pinochet (Universidad Andres Bello, 2000). Joint author: Karen LaFollette Araujo. Spanish language.
- How the Economy Was Lost: The War of the Worlds (AK Press, 2010) Template:ISBN
- Wirtschaft Am Abgrund: Der Zusammenbruch der Volkswirtschaften und das Scheitern der Globalisierung (Weltbuch Verlag GmbH, 2012) Template:ISBN. German language.
- Chile: Dos Visiones, La era Allende-Pinochet (2000) Template:ISBN
- The Failure of Laissez Faire Capitalism and Economic Dissolution of the West (Clarity Press, 2013) Template:ISBN
- How America was Lost. From 9/11 to the Police/Warfare State (Clarity Press, 2014) Template:ISBN
- The Neoconservative Threat to World Order: Washington's Perilous War for Hegemony (Clarity Press, 2015) Template:ISBN
- Amerikas Krieg gegen die Welt... und gegen seine eigenen Ideale (Kopp Verlag, 2015) Template:ISBN
Journal articlesEdit
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Popular articlesEdit
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ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
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- Column archive (2006–2010) at Creators Syndicate
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