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Piano quintet

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File:Rey frères et Rehberg frères.jpg
The Swiss piano quintet: sitting Willy Rehberg (piano) and Rigo (viola), standing Louis Rey (first violin), Emile Rey (second violin) and Adolphe Rehberg (cello), c. 1900.

In classical music, a piano quintet is a work of chamber music written for piano and four other instruments, most commonly (since 1842) a string quartet (i.e., two violins, viola, and cello). The term also refers to the group of musicians that plays a piano quintet. The genre flourished during the nineteenth century.

Until the middle of the nineteenth century, most piano quintets were scored for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass. Following the success of Robert Schumann's [[Piano Quintet (Schumann)|Piano Quintet in ETemplate:Music major, Op. 44]] in 1842, which paired the piano with a string quartet, composers increasingly adopted Schumann's instrumentation, and it was this form of the piano quintet that dominated during the second half of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth century.

Among the best known and most frequently performed piano quintets, aside from Schumann's, are Schubert's Trout quintet and the piano quintets of Johannes Brahms, César Franck, Antonín Dvořák and Dmitri Shostakovich.<ref name="Stowell324">Template:Cite book</ref>

The piano quintet before 1842Edit

While the related chamber music genres of the piano trio and piano quartet were established in the eighteenth century by Mozart and others, the piano quintet did not come into its own until the nineteenth century.<ref>The quintets for piano, oboe, clarinet, horn, and bassoon composed by Mozart and Beethoven are usually described as "quintets for piano and winds" so as to distinguish them from compositions for piano and four strings.</ref> Its roots extend into the late Classical period, when piano concertos were sometimes transcribed for piano with string quartet accompaniment.<ref name="Harvard">Template:Cite book</ref>

Although Luigi Boccherini composed quintets for piano and string quartet, before 1842 it was more common for the piano to be joined by violin, viola, cello and double bass. Among the best known quintets for this combination of instruments are Franz Schubert's "Trout" Quintet in A major (1819) and Johann Nepomuk Hummel's Piano Quintet in E-flat minor, Op.87 (1802). Other piano quintets using this instrumentation were composed by Jan Ladislav Dussek (1799), Ferdinand Ries (1817), Johann Baptist Cramer (1825, 1832), Henri Jean Rigel (1826), Johann Peter Pixis (ca.1827), Franz Limmer (1832), Louise Farrenc (1839, 1840), and George Onslow (1846, 1848, 1849).<ref name="Smallman3">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Smallman26">Template:Cite book</ref>

Mozart (in 1784) and Ludwig van Beethoven (in 1796) each composed a quintet for piano and winds, scored for piano, oboe, clarinet, horn, and bassoon, that are sometimes referred to as piano quintets.

Schumann and the Romantic piano quintetEdit

File:Robert Schumann 1839.jpg
Robert Schumann, lithograph by Josef Kriehuber, in 1839, three years before the composition of his piano quintet.

In the middle of the 19th century, Robert Schumann's [[Piano Quintet (Schumann)|Piano Quintet in ETemplate:Music major]], Op. 44 (1842), composed for piano with string quartet, helped establish that combination of instruments as the typical model for the piano quintet. Schumann's choice of scoring reflected developments in musical performance and instrumental design.

By midcentury, the string quartet was regarded as the most prestigious and important chamber music genre, while advances in the design of the piano had expanded its power and dynamic range. Bringing the piano and string quartet together, Schumann's piano quintet took full advantage of the expressive possibilities of these forces in combination, alternating conversational passages between the five instruments with passages in which the combined forces of the strings are massed against the piano. In Schumann's hands, the piano quintet became a genre "suspended between private and public spheres" alternating between "quasi-symphonic and more properly chamber-like elements"—well suited to an era when chamber music was increasingly being performed in large concert halls rather than at private gatherings in intimate spaces.<ref>John Daverio, 'Robert Schumann: Herald of a "New Poetic Age."' (1997, Oxford), p. 256</ref>

Schumann's quintet helped establish the piano quintet as a significant chamber music genre during the Romantic period in classical music.<ref name="Stowell323-324">Stowell, Robin The Cambridge Companion to the String Quartet, pp. 323–324.</ref> It was immediately acclaimed and widely imitated.<ref name="Stowell324" /><ref name="Smallman53">Smallman, Basil. The Piano Quartet and Quintet: Style, Structure, and Scoring, p. 53.</ref> Johannes Brahms, for example, was persuaded by Clara Schumann (who had played the piano part in the first public performance of her husband's piano quintet) to rework a sonata for two pianos as a piano quintet. The result, the Piano Quintet in F minor (1864), is one of the most frequently performed works of the genre.<ref name=Rodda>http://www.kennedy-center.org/calendar/?fuseaction=composition&composition_id=2431 Template:Webarchive Rodda, Richard E. "Piano Quintet in F minor, Op. 34," n.p.</ref>

Subsequent compositions such as César Franck's Piano Quintet in F minor (1879) and Antonín Dvořák's Piano Quintet #2 in A major, Op. 81 (1887) further solidified the genre as a "vehicle for Romantic expression."<ref name="Stowell324" />

20th centuryEdit

In the twentieth century, the piano quintet repertoire was expanded with contributions by composers such as Béla Bartók, Sergei Taneyev, Louis Vierne, Edward Elgar, Amy Beach, Gabriel Fauré, Dmitri Shostakovich, and Mieczysław Weinberg. However, unlike the string quartet, which remained an important chamber music genre for musical experimentation, the piano quintet came to acquire "a somewhat conservative profile, far from major developments" in musical expression.<ref name="Stowell325">Stowell, Robin. The Cambridge Companion to the String Quartet, p. 325.</ref>

List of compositions for piano quintetEdit

The following is a partial list of compositions for piano quintet. All works are scored for piano and string quartet unless otherwise noted.

Before 1800Edit

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    • Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.2 in BTemplate:Music major, G 414
    • Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.3 in E minor, G 415
    • Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.4 in D minor, G 416
    • Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.5 in E major, G 417
    • Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.6 in C major, G 418
  • Jan Ladislav Dussek
    • Piano Quintet in F minor, Op. 41 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; 1799)

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19th centuryEdit

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    • Piano Quintet in ETemplate:Music major, Op. 20 (1901)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Charles-Marie Widor
    • Piano Quintet No. 1 in D minor, Op. 7 (1868)<ref name="widor_quintets">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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1900 and afterEdit

AEdit

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  • Rosalina Abejo
    • Piano Quintet (1966)
  • Thomas Adès
    • Piano Quintet (2000)
  • Samuel Adler
    • Piano Quintet (1999)
  • Lidia Agabalian
    • Piano Quintet (1955)
  • Miguel del Aguila
    • Clocks, for piano and string quartet (1998)
    • Charango Capriccioso, for piano and string quartet (2006)
    • Concierto en Tango, for piano and string quartet (2014)
  • James Aikman
    • Piano Quintet (1997)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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BEdit

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  • Grażyna Bacewicz
    • Piano Quintet No. 1 (1952)<ref name="bacewiczworks">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Stephen Brown
    • Piano Quintet No. 1, Eulogy for Meghan Reid (2009)
    • Piano Quintet No. 2, White Light White Heat (2015)
  • Alan Bush
    • Quintet for piano and string quartet, op.104 (1985)

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C–EEdit

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F–GEdit

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    • Ghosts in the Dream Machine (2005)
    • Tres Homenajes: Compadrazgo (2007)
  • Ignaz Friedman
    • Piano quintet in C minor (1918)

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H–KEdit

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L–MEdit

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N–QEdit

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REdit

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SEdit

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  • Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji
    • Piano Quintet No. 1 (1919–20)
    • Piano Quintet No. 2 (1932–33)
  • Bent Sørensen
    • Rosenbad – Papillons (2013)
  • Ann Southam
    • Quintet (for string quartet and piano) (1986)
  • Georgia Spiropoulos
    • ... landscapes & monstrous things ... (2016, for piano quintet, electronics and video)
  • Iet Stants
    • Piano Quintet (1921)
  • Carlos Stella
    • Hockney's Choclo: 10 variations, imitations and paraphrases on Piazzolla's arrangement of the tango 'El Choclo' after a picture by David Hockney for accordion, piano, violin, electric guitar and bass (2003)
  • Richard Stöhr
    • Piano Quintet in C minor, Op.43
    • Piano Quintet in G minor, Op.94 (1943)
    • Piano Quintet in D minor, Op.111b (1945)
  • Constantinos Stylianou
    • Three Scenes from a Funeral (2004)
  • Ananda Sukarlan
    • "Annanolli's Sky" for piano quintet (2017)
  • Edith Swepstone
    • Piano Quintet in f minor
    • Quintet in E-flat major (for piano and winds)
  • Jadwiga Szajna-Lewandowska
    • Six Pieces (for piano and string quartet) (1978)
    • Five Pieces for Piano Quintet (1978)

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T–ZEdit

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See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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Further readingEdit

  • Basil Smallman (1994). The Piano Quartet and Quintet: Style Structure, and Scoring, New York: Oxford University Press. Template:ISBN.

External linksEdit

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