Quinnipiac
Template:Short description Template:About Template:Main other {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate | bodyclass = vcard
| titleclass = fn org | title = {{#if:Quinnipiac|Quinnipiac|Template:PAGENAMEBASE}}
| aboveclass = nickname | abovestyle = font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;
| above = {{#if: |
}}
| image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage |upright=|image=|alt=|border={{#ifeq:no|||yes}}}} | caption1 =
| image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage |upright=|alt=|image={{#if:|{{{rawimage}}}|File:Quinnipiac-River-Connecticut.jpg }} }} | caption2 = The Quinnipiac River looking west into the Quinnipiac River Gorge
| headerstyle = background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit; | labelstyle = font-weight:normal;
| header1 = {{#if:extinct as a tribe; merged into the Stockbridge Munsee Community and Brotherton Indian Community, now in Wisconsin<ref name=ricky232/> |Total population}}
| data2 = extinct as a tribe; merged into the Stockbridge Munsee Community and Brotherton Indian Community, now in Wisconsin<ref name=ricky232/> {{#if:|(Template:Comma separated entries)}} {{#if: | (including those of ancestral descent)}} | label3 = {{#switch: |census = (census) |estimate|est = (est.) }} | data3 = | label4 = {{#switch: |census = (census) |estimate|est = (est.) }} | data4 = | label5 = {{#switch: |census = (census) |estimate|est = (est.) }} | data5 =
| header6 = {{#if:United States (Connecticut) |Regions with significant populations}} | data7 = United States (Connecticut) | header8 = | data9 =
| label11 = | data11 = | label12 = | data12 = | label13 = | data13 = | label14 = | data14 = | label15 = | data15 = | label16 = | data16 = | label17 = | data17 = | label18 = | data18 = | label19 = | data19 = | label20 = | data20 = | label21 = | data21 = | label22 = | data22 = | label23 = | data23 = | label24 = | data24 = | label25 = | data25 = | label26 = | data26 = | label27 = | data27 = | label28 = | data28 = | label29 = | data29 = | label30 = | data30 = | label31 = | data31 = | label32 = | data32 = | label33 = | data33 = | label34 = | data34 = | label35 = | data35 = | label36 = | data36 = | label37 = | data37 = | label38 = | data38 = | label39 = | data39 = | label40 = | data40 = | label41 = | data41 = | label42 = | data42 = | label43 = | data43 = | label44 = | data44 = | label45 = | data45 = | label46 = | data46 = | label47 = | data47 = | label48 = | data48 = | label49 = | data49 = | label50 = | data50 = | label51 = | data51 = | label52 = | data52 = | label53 = | data53 = | label54 = | data54 = | label55 = | data55 = | label56 = | data56 = | label57 = | data57 = | label58 = | data58 = | label59 = | data59 = | label60 = | data60 = | header61 = {{#if:Quiripi language |Languages}} | data62 = Quiripi language | header63 = {{#if:Indigenous religion |Religion}} | data64 = Indigenous religion | header65 = {{#if:other Wappinger peoples |Related ethnic groups}} | data66 = {{#if:other Wappinger peoples |other Wappinger peoples Template:Main other }}
| belowstyle = padding-top:0.5em;text-align:left;
| below = {{#if: |
{{{footnotes}}} }}
}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox ethnic group with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y | caption | flag |flag_alt | flag_border | flag_caption | flag_upright | footnotes | genealogy | group | image |image_alt | image_caption | image_upright | langs | languages | native_name | native_name_lang | pop | pop_embed | pop1 | pop10 | pop11 | pop12 | pop13 | pop14 | pop15 | pop16 | pop17 | pop18 | pop19 | pop2 | pop20 | pop21 | pop22 | pop23 | pop24 | pop25 | pop26 | pop27 | pop28 | pop29 | pop3 | pop30 | pop31 | pop32 | pop33 | pop34 | pop35 | pop36 | pop37 | pop38 | pop39 | pop4 | pop40 | pop41 | pop42 | pop43 | pop44 | pop45 | pop46 | pop47 | pop48 | pop49 | pop5 | pop50 | pop6 | pop7 | pop8 | pop9 | popplace | population | rawimage | ref1 | ref10 | ref11 | ref12 | ref13 | ref14 | ref15 | ref16 | ref17 | ref18 | ref19 | ref2 | ref20 | ref21 | ref22 | ref23 | ref24 | ref25 | ref26 | ref27 | ref28 | ref29 | ref3 | ref30 | ref31 | ref32 | ref33 | ref34 | ref35 | ref36 | ref37 | ref38 | ref39 | ref4 | ref40 | ref41 | ref42 | ref43 | ref44 | ref45 | ref46 | ref47 | ref48 | ref49 | ref5 | ref50 | ref6 | ref7 | ref8 | ref9 | region1 | region10 | region11 | region12 | region13 | region14 | region15 | region16 | region17 | region18 | region19 | region2 | region20 | region21 | region22 | region23 | region24 | region25 | region26 | region27 | region28 | region29 | region3 | region30 | region31 | region32 | region33 | region34 | region35 | region36 | region37 | region38 | region39 | region4 | region40 | region41 | region42 | region43 | region44 | region45 | region46 | region47 | region48 | region49 | region5 | region50 | region6 | region7 | region8 | region9 | regions | related | related_groups | related-c | religions | rels | tablehdr | total | total_ref | total_source | total_year | total1 | total1_ref | total1_source | total1_year | total2 | total2_ref | total2_source | total2_year | total3 | total3_ref | total3_source | total3_year }}Template:Main other The Quinnipiac were a historical Indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands. They lived in present-day New Haven County, Connecticut, along the Quinnipiac River.<ref>John Reed Swanton, The Indian Tribes of North America, pp. 45–46.</ref> Their primary village, also called Quinnipiac, was where New Haven, Connecticut is today.<ref name=h345/>
NameEdit
The Quinnipiac name translates as "Long-water people."<ref name=h344>Hodge, p. 344.</ref> It was also spelled Quienepiage, Quenepiake, Qunnipiéuk, Qunnipiuck, Qunnipiug, Quinnpiipuck, Quunnipieuck, and Qvinipiak.<ref>Hodger, p. 1127.</ref>
LanguageEdit
The Quinnipiac and several neighboring tribes in central Connecticut and central Long Island all spoke the Quiripi language. This Eastern Algonquian language went extinct in the late 19th century.<ref name=omni>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Reverend Abraham Pierson translated the catechism into Quiripi in 1658. Reverend Ezra Stiles and Thomas Jefferson both collected word lists in the language.<ref name=omni/>
Political structureEdit
Historian Edward Manning Ruttenber suggested that the Quinnipiac were part of the Wappinger confederacy,<ref name=h344/> but the colonist Daniel Gookin wrote that they were part of the Pequot.<ref name=h345>Hodge, p. 345.</ref> Their leader was called a sachem, and historians invented the term sachemdom to describe political units led by a sachem. The Totoket people were part of the Quinnipiac sachemdom.<ref>John Reed Swanton, The Indian Tribes of North America, p. 47.</ref> The Hammonasset were likely also part of the Quinnipiac sachemdom.<ref>Frederick Webb Hodge, Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, p. 529.</ref>
HistoryEdit
17th centuryEdit
The Puritans established the first Indian Reservation in 1638. Located near New Haven, Connecticut, the reserve was for the Quinnipiac, but only included 1,200 acres, a small portion of their original territory.<ref name=schultz>Schultz et al., Encyclopedia of Minorities in American Politics, 677</ref> The reservation's residents, described as "free" Indians, were placed under the authority of an English agent.<ref name=schultz/> They were not allowed to sell or abandon that land, and Native peoples from other tribes were not allowed to visit.<ref name=schultz/>
From around 1651 to 1669, Reverend Abraham Pierson, a Congregational minister, proselytized the Quinnipiac near Branford, Connecticut.<ref name=hodge883>Frederick Webb Hodge, Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, p. 883.</ref> He translated Christian texts into the Quiripi language.<ref name=h345/> Missionization was not very successful, and the tribe showed "a perverse contempt" for the church.<ref name=hodge883/>
18th centuryEdit
In 1730, there were an estimated 250 to 300 Quinnipiac.<ref name=h345/> In 1768, some Quinnipiac left their reservation and joined the Tunxi near Farmington, Connecticut.<ref name=h345/> In 1774, only an estimated 38 Quinnipiac survived.<ref name=h345/> They were part of the large Mahican tribe, whose descendants ultimately migrated to Wisconsin with the Stockbridge Munsee Community and Brotherton Indian Community.<ref name="ricky232">Template:Cite book</ref>