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Sandnes

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Sandnes ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}) is a city and municipality in Rogaland, Norway. It lies immediately south of Stavanger, the 4th largest city in Norway, and together the Stavanger/Sandnes area is the third-largest urban area in Norway. The urban city of Sandnes lies in the extreme western part of the vast municipality and it makes up about 5% of the total land area of the municipality.

Sandnes is part of the traditional district of Jæren. The western part of the municipality is very urbanized while the eastern part of the municipality is very rural. The municipality is divided into 13 boroughs and the administrative centre is located in the borough of Trones og Sentrum, a borough in the city. There are several villages in the rural parts of the municipality including Hommersåk, Høle, Foss-Eikeland, Stokka, Forsand, Lysebotn, and Vatne.

The Template:Convert municipality is the 109th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Sandnes is the 7th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 83,382 in 2023.<ref name="ssb area">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The municipality's population density is Template:Convert and its population has increased by 20.8% over the previous 10-year period.<ref name="ssb pop">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

HistoryEdit

File:Bilde 2.png
Map of the Stavanger/Sandnes region
File:Hommersåk sentrum.JPG
View of the village of Hommersåk

The small port village of Sandnes was granted ladested (small seaport city) status in 1860. On 6 April 1861, the small city was separated from the municipality of Høyland to form a separate self-governing municipality of its own. Initially, the municipality had 440 residents.

On 1 July 1957, a small part of Høyland municipality (population: 18) was transferred to the city of Sandnes.<ref name=":0" />

During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1965, the city and municipality of Sandnes (population: 3,961) was merged with the municipality of Høyland (population: 20,353) and parts of the municipalities of Høle (population: 926) and Hetland (population: 2,077).<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2014, the Storting decided that the number of municipalities in Norway would be lowered. If the municipalities of Sandnes, Stavanger and Sola were to merge, a new municipality would be formed called Nord-Jæren, after the name of the geographical location the municipalities are located in. After the city council said no to the merge, proposals for Forsand to merge with Sandnes were enacted instead.

On 1 January 2017, a small Template:Convert area on the southwestern edge of the village of Solakrossen was transferred from Sandnes municipality to the neighboring municipality of Sola.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On 1 January 2020, most of the neighboring municipality of Forsand was merged with Sandnes to form one large municipality called Sandnes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

NameEdit

The municipality (and city) is named after an old {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} farm, since the city was built on its grounds. The first element is Template:Wikt-lang which means 'sand' or 'sandy beach' and the last element is Template:Wikt-lang which means 'headland'. The farm was located at the end of the Gandsfjorden where the city centre is located today.<ref name="snl">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Coat of armsEdit

File:Sandnes edit.JPG
View of the city in 2008

The coat of arms, granted on 21 April 1972, shows a white piece of pottery against a green background. Pottery was chosen since it was one of the main industries in the late 18th century. The symbol is a {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, which in English would be a ceramic cuckoo bird ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, 'clay, ceramic' and {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, 'cuckoo bird'). The ceramic Sandnes cuckoo (Template:Langx) is an ocarina or simple flute which was made by the potteries in Sandnes and used to advertise their products. Later it also became a nickname for people from Sandnes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

GeographyEdit

The municipality lies in the Jæren region and stretches Template:Convert nearly from the west coast of Norway to the rugged mountainous interior. The city of Sandnes is located at the base of the Stavanger Peninsula, about Template:Convert south of the city of Stavanger, and these two cities have expanded so as to form a conurbation. The municipality of Sola is located to the west, Klepp and Time, Gjesdal to the south, Sirdal and Bykle to the east, Strand and Hjelmeland to the northeast, and Stavanger to the northwest. The fjord Gandsfjorden is situated north–south at the west end of the municipality and the Høgsfjorden and Lysefjorden dominate the eastern part of the municipality. The international airport for Sandnes/Stavanger is situated in Sola, just to the west of Sandnes.

Prior to 2020 (when the municipality was enlarged), the city-municipality of Sandnes was divided into 13 boroughs: Austrått, Figgjo, Ganddal, Hana, Høle, Lura, Malmheim og Soma, Riska, Sandved, Stangeland, Sviland, and Trones og Sentrum.

The landscape of western Sandnes is quite flat. On the long west coast there are several beaches and further inland the land is raised to form low plains with some small peaks rising up to Template:Convert above sea level. From Stavanger and Sandnes it is approximately one hour by car to alpine and skiing resorts. In Sandnes there are some easily accessible small mountain peaks, such as Dalsnuten and Lifjell, with a view over the Sandnes/Stavanger area. The renowned Lysefjorden is also easily accessible by car or boat. The lake Frøylandsvatnet, the river Figgjoelva, and the mountain Hanafjellet are all located in Sandnes.

The Lysefjorden in the eastern part of the municipality is surrounded by very steep Template:Convert tall cliffs such as Kjerag and Preikestolen, with the Lysefjord Bridge crossing the fjord near the western end. The famous Kjeragbolten boulder and Kjeragfossen waterfall are located along the inner part of the fjord. The village of Lysebotn lies at the eastern end of the fjord. The lake Nilsebuvatnet is located high up in the mountains, north of Lysebotn on the border of Strand and Forsand municipalities. It is regulated for hydroelectric power use at the Lysebotn Hydroelectric Power Station. Template:Wide image

ClimateEdit

Sandnes is in a common urban area with Stavanger and thus the weather station for the international airport of Stavanger Sola is the closest weather station to Sandnes proper.

Situated on the southwest coast of Norway, the local climate is greatly influenced by the temperate water in the North Sea, and Atlantic lows giving mild westerlies also in winter. This creates warmer temperatures throughout the year compared to other cities at similar latitudes, and also gives plentiful precipitation in the form of rain, especially in late autumn and winter. Sandnes is a little bit more inland than the airport so thus may have slightly warmer summer days and cooler winter nights as a result.

According to Köppen climate classification, Sandnes experiences a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb) with five months with a mean temperature above Template:Cvt. Spring and early summer is the driest season. The all-time high Template:Cvt at the airport was recorded August 1975. The warmest high recorded in the Stavanger area is Template:Cvt at the weather station Stavanger-Våland (72 m) in July 2018. The warmest month on record at Stavanger Airport is August 2002 with mean Template:Cvt and average daily high Template:Cvt. The all-time low Template:Cvt was recorded January 1987. The coldest month on record is February 1963 with mean Template:Cvt and average daily low Template:Cvt. The average date for the last overnight freeze (low below Template:Convert) in spring is April 20<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and average date for first freeze in autumn is October 31<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> giving a frost-free season of 193 days (Stavanger Airport Sola 1981-2010 average).

Template:Weather box

Template:Weather box

LocationEdit

Sandnes is located on the west coast of Norway. Here are some distances from the city of Sandnes to other major cities in Norway: Template:Columns-list

GovernmentEdit

Sandnes Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.<ref name="ks">Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Sør-Rogaland District Court and the Gulating Court of Appeal.

Municipal councilEdit

The municipal council ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) of Sandnes is made up of 49 representatives that are elected to four-year terms. Elections are always held two years from the parliamentary elections. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party. Template:Div col Template:Kommunestyre table Template:Kommunestyre table Template:Kommunestyre table Template:Kommunestyre table Template:Kommunestyre table Template:Kommunestyre table Template:Kommunestyre table Template:Kommunestyre table Template:Kommunestyre table Template:Kommunestyre table Template:Kommunestyre table Template:Kommunestyre table Template:Kommunestyre table Template:Kommunestyre table Template:Kommunestyre table Template:Kommunestyre table Template:Kommunestyre table Template:Kommunestyre table Template:Kommunestyre table Template:Kommunestyre table Template:Kommunestyre table Template:Kommunestyre table Template:Kommunestyre table Template:End div col

Ruling party timelineEdit

<timeline>

  1. All measures are in pixels

ImageSize = width:960 height:100 PlotArea = left:20 right:10 bottom:20 top:40 AlignBars = early

DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:1896 till:2025 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:1896 Legend = orientation:horizontal left:0 top:90%

Define $dx = 25 # shift text to right side of bar

Colors = 

    id:PM_LIB             value:rgb(0.55, 0.84, 0) Legend: Liberal
    id:PM_FML             value:rgb(0.93, 0.68, 0.93) Legend: Temperance
    id:PM_CON             value:rgb(0.53, 0.68, 0.84) Legend: Conservative
    id:PM_LAB             value:rgb(0.84, 0.04, 0.15) Legend: Labour
    id:PM_CEN             value:rgb(0, 0.52, 0.24) Legend: Agrarian/Centre
    id:PM_CD              value:rgb(1, 0.85, 0.35) Legend: Christian_Democrat

PlotData= 

 bar:Party width:30 mark:(line,white) align:right fontsize:S

 from:start till:1898 color:PM_LIB
 from:1898  till:1899 color:PM_CON
 from:1899  till:1902 color:PM_LIB
 from:1902  till:1903 color:PM_CON
 from:1903  till:1904 color:PM_LIB
 from:1904  till:1905 color:PM_CON
 from:1905  till:1906 color:PM_LIB
 from:1906  till:1908 color:PM_CON
 from:1908  till:1922 color:PM_FML
 from:1922  till:1929 color:PM_LIB
 from:1929  till:1936 color:PM_CEN
 from:1936  till:1938 color:PM_LIB
 from:1938  till:1941 color:PM_LAB
 from:1941  till:1945 color:PM_CEN
 from:1945  till:1946 color:PM_LIB
 from:1946  till:1950 color:PM_LAB
 from:1950  till:1952 color:PM_LIB
 from:1952  till:1955 color:PM_LAB
 from:1955  till:1956 color:PM_LIB
 from:1956  till:1958 color:PM_CD
 from:1958  till:1960 color:PM_CEN
 from:1960  till:1962 color:PM_LIB
 from:1962  till:1964 color:PM_CON
 from:1964  till:1968 color:PM_LIB
 from:1968  till:1970 color:PM_CON
 from:1970  till:1972 color:PM_LIB
 from:1972  till:1974 color:PM_CD
 from:1974  till:1978 color:PM_CON
 from:1978  till:1980 color:PM_CD
 from:1980  till:1982 color:PM_CON
 from:1982  till:1986 color:PM_CD
 from:1986  till:1991 color:PM_CON
 from:1991  till:1994 color:PM_CD
 from:1994  till:2011 color:PM_CON
 from:2011  till:2023 color:PM_LAB
 from:2023  till:end color:PM_CON

</timeline>

MayorsEdit

The mayors (Template:Langx) of Sandnes:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Div col

  • 1861-1864: Jan Adolph Budde
  • 1864-1864: Anders Tvedt
  • 1864-1864: Gabriel Sandved
  • 1865-1866: Abraham Hobberstad
  • 1866-1867: Sven Njeldson Oftedahl
  • 1867-1868: Mauritz Kartevold
  • 1869-1870: Gabriel Sandved
  • 1871-1873: Mauritz Kartevold
  • 1873-1875: Jonas Eivindson Lura
  • 1875-1876: K.M. Sørensen
  • 1876-1877: Sven Njeldson Oftedahl
  • 1877-1877: Martin Nygaard
  • 1878-1878: Svend O. Mouland
  • 1878-1879: Sven Svendson Haaland
  • 1879-1880: K.M. Sørensen
  • 1880-1882: Sven Njeldson Oftedahl
  • 1882-1882: Svend O. Mouland
  • 1883-1884: Ole Svendsen
  • 1885-1885: Andreas O. Anfindsen
  • 1886-1888: Ole Svendsen
  • 1889-1890: Petter Simon Øgland
  • 1890-1891: Samuel Jonasson Sandved
  • 1891-1895: Petter Simon Øgland
  • 1895-1896: Lars Adamson Sporaland
  • 1896-1897: Olaf Anfindsen (V)
  • 1898-1898: O.C. Østraadt (H)
  • 1899-1901: Olaf Anfindsen (V)
  • 1902-1902: O.C. Østraadt (H)
  • 1903-1903: Olaf Anfindsen (V)
  • 1904-1904: O.C. Østraadt (H)
  • 1905-1905: Olaf Anfindsen (V)
  • 1906-1907: O.C. Østraadt (H)
  • 1908-1912: L.O. Nygaard (AvH)
  • 1913-1913: Thorvald S. Øglænd (AvH)
  • 1914-1915: L.O. Nygaard (AvH)
  • 1916-1916: Thorvald S. Øglænd (AvH)
  • 1917-1919: Enok Berge (AvH)
  • 1920-1921: Thorvald S. Øglænd (AvH)
  • 1922-1929: Lars Øglænd (V)
  • 1929-1934: Johan Martinson Haga (Bp)
  • 1935-1936: Monrad Øksnevad (Bp)
  • 1936-1938: Gunvald Rasmussen (V)
  • 1938-1941: Edvard Astad (Ap)
  • 1941-1941: Monrad Øksnevad (Bp)
  • 1945-1945: Gunvald Rasmussen (V)
  • 1946-1947: Louis Torgersen (Ap)
  • 1947-1948: Tollef Fjermestad (Ap)
  • 1948-1949: Andreas J. Båstøl (Ap)
  • 1950-1950: Jakob Skretting (Ap)
  • 1950-1951: Gunvald Rasmussen (V)
  • 1952-1953: Andreas J. Båstøl (Ap)
  • 1953-1955: Louis Torgersen (Ap)
  • 1955-1956: Gunvald Rasmussen (V)
  • 1956-1957: Arthur O. Berge (KrF)
  • 1958-1959: Kristian Rønneberg (Sp)
  • 1960-1961: Audun Schance Olsen (V)
  • 1962-1963: Torleiv Tengs-Pedersen (H)
  • 1964-1964: Audun Schance Olsen (V)
  • 1965-1967: Lars Vatsendvik (V)
  • 1968-1969: Lauritz B. Sirevåg (H)
  • 1970-1971: Arne Tunheim (V)
  • 1972-1973: Beint Bentsen (KrF)
  • 1974-1977: Arne Sandnes (H)
  • 1978-1979: Odd Arnøy (KrF)
  • 1980-1981: Arne Sandnes (H)
  • 1982-1985: Sigurd Aarsland (KrF)
  • 1986-1990: Roald G. Bergsaker (H)
  • 1991-1993: Geir Mykletun (KrF)
  • 1994-2007: Jostein W. Rovik (H)
  • 2007-2011: Norunn Østråt Koksvik (H)
  • 2011-2023: Stanley Wirak (Ap)
  • 2023-present: Kenny Rettore (H)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Template:Div col end

Media galleryEdit

  • Sandnes City Map.png

    Map of Sandnes city center

  • Sandnes 01.jpg

    The bus station, known as Ruten (The Route)

  • Jaeren Tingrett.jpg

    Jæren Tingrett (District Court)

  • Sandnes idrettspark fra luften.jpg

    Sandnes sports park from the air

  • Sandnes om natta.jpg

    Sandnes by night

  • Sandnesgauk.png

    A Sandnesgauk. A clay toy originating in Sandnes.

EconomyEdit

Template:Historical populations

Sandnes hosts a large array of retail shops of most kinds and is used by the neighbouring municipalities appreciating the service and wide range of selections. Sandnes is known as Norway's bicycle city, mainly due to the fact that the bicycle manufacturer Øglænd DBS was situated here for decades. The city offers a variety of routes for everyday riders and tourists. Since 1996, a public bicycle rental program has been in operation in the city.

The city has a vibrant industrial base, mainly in the Ganddal area in the south and the Lura and Forus area in the north along the municipal boundary with Stavanger. There is significant activity related to oil exploration in the North Sea and also some IT-related companies. In this suburban region between Sandnes and Stavanger, malls and department stores have also been established. Among these malls is one of Norway's biggest malls, Kvadrat, meaning 'square' (although it is not square shaped anymore as it has expanded several times since it opened in 1984).

Around 30% of the population is employed in Stavanger (Q4 2004).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead link</ref> Sandnes was formerly known as the pottery town of Norway – due to the important ceramics industry based on the extensive occurrence of clay in the surroundings. The Vatneleiren military base is also located in Sandnes, just outside Vatne.

Culture, sports, and educationEdit

Since 2016, the primary football team, Sandnes Ulf, has played in the second tier, 1. divisjon, of Norwegian professional football.

Sandnes is also known for its Rugby League team, Sandnes Raiders which has supplied the Norwegian national team with players.Template:Citation needed

The major tourist attraction in Sandnes is the Science Factory (Vitenfabrikken). It is a Template:Convert science museum with science and art exhibitions, a planetarium, sun telescopes, and chemistry experiments.

Sandnes is the only city in Norway which is a member of the World Health Organization's network of Healthy Cities. Sandnes and Stavanger were chosen along with Liverpool, United Kingdom, to be a European Capital of Culture for 2008.Template:Citation needed

Higher education facilities include Sandnes Upper Secondary School,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Gand Upper Secondary School,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Akademiet Upper Secondary School,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Vågen Upper Secondary School.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2010 Forus Upper Secondary School and parts of Lundehaugen merged to become Vågen.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Lundehaugen still exists as a middle school.

The city is also home to the VID Specialized University Sandnes campus, a private Christian college.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

ChurchesEdit

File:Sandnes Kirke(Jarvin).JPG
Sandnes Church
File:Hana kirke.jpg
Hana Church

The Church of Norway has nine parishes ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) within the municipality of Sandnes. It is part of the Sandnes prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Stavanger. The main church for the city is Sandnes Church, which is the seat of the deanery which covers the whole municipality.

Churches in Sandnes
lang}}) Church name Location of the church Year built
Bogafjell Bogafjell Church Bogafjell 2012
Forsand Forsand Church Forsand 1854
Lyse Chapel Lysebotn 1961
Gand Gand Church Sandved 1978
Julebygda Chapel Malmheim og Soma 1957
Hana Hana Church Hana 1997
Høle Høle Church Høle 1860
Høyland Høyland Church Austrått 1841
Sviland Chapel Sviland 1913
Lura Lura Church Lura 1987
Riska Riska Church Hommersåk 1999
Old Riska Church Hommersåk 1877
Sandnes Sandnes Church Sandnes sentrum 1882

Notable peopleEdit

File:Julie Ege (cropped).jpg
Julie Ege, On her Majesty's Secret Service, 1968
File:Ivar Braut (33259444622).jpg
Ivar Braut, 2017
File:Bjarne Berntsen.jpg
Bjarne Berntsen, 2007
File:Stine Borgli - 2018 UEC European Road Cycling Championships (Women's road race).jpg
Stine Borgli, 2018

SportEdit

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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