Incubator escapee wiki

Scorpaeniformes

Article Discussion

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Automatic taxobox

The Scorpaeniformes Template:IPAc-en are a diverse order of ray-finned fish, including the lionfishes and sculpins, but have also been called the Scleroparei. It is one of the five largest orders of bony fishes by number of species, with over 1,320.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

They are known as "mail-cheeked" fishes due to their distinguishing characteristic, the suborbital stay: a backwards extension of the third circumorbital bone (part of the lateral head/cheek skeleton, below the eye socket) across the cheek to the preoperculum, to which it is connected in most species.<ref name=EoF>Template:Cite book</ref>

Scorpaeniform fishes are carnivorous, mostly feeding on crustaceans and on smaller fish. Most species live on the sea bottom in relatively shallow waters, although species are known from deep water, from the midwater, and even from fresh water. They typically have spiny heads, and rounded pectoral and caudal fins. Most species are less than Template:Convert in length, but the full size range of the order varies from the velvetfishes belonging to the family Aploactinidae, which can be just Template:Convert long as adults,<ref name=EoF/> to the skilfish (Erilepis zonifer), which can reach Template:Convert in total length.<ref name = FishBase>{{#invoke:Cite taxon|main|fishbase|genus=Erilepis|species=zonifer|subspecies=}}</ref>

One of the suborders of the Scorpaeniformes is the Scorpaenoidei. This suborder is usually found in the benthic zone, which is the lowest region of any water body like oceans or lakes.

There are two groups of the Scorpaenoidei. The sea robins is the first, which are further classified into two families: the sea robins and the armored sea robins. One significant difference between the two families of sea robins is the presence of spine-bearing plate on the armored sea robins which is absent in the sea robins family.

The second group of the Scorpaenoidei suborder is the scorpionfishes, which according to Minouri Ishida's work in 1994 and recent studies, have twelve families. The scorpionfishes are very dynamic in size with the smallest one having a range of 2–3 cm, while the largest have a length of approximately 100 cm.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

ClassificationEdit

The division of Scorpaeniformes into families is not settled; accounts range from 26<ref>{{#if:166702 | {{#invoke:template wrapper|wrap|_template=cite web|_exclude=id,ID,taxon 

 | url = https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=166702
 | title = Scorpaeniformes
 | publisher = Integrated Taxonomic Information System
 }}

| Template:Citation error }}</ref> to 35 families.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite taxon|main|fishbase|genus=|species=|subspecies=}}</ref> The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the order as follows:<ref name = Nelson5>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name = VDLEF>Template:Cite journal</ref>

File:Setarches guentheri1.jpg
Setarchinae: Deepwater scorpionfish, Setarches guentheri
File:Sebastes marinus.jpg
Sebastinae: Rose fish, Sebastes norvegicus
File:Pontinus longispinis.jpg
Scorpaenidae: Longspine scorpionfish, Pontinus longispinis

Order Scorpaeniformes

This classification is not settled, however, and some authorities classify these groupings largely within the Order Perciformes as the suborders Scorpaenoidei, Platycephaloidei, Triglioidei and Cottoidei, Cottodei including the infraorders Anoplopomatales, Zoarcales, Gasterosteales, Zaniolepidoales, Hexagrammales and Cottales. These infraorders largely correspond with the superfamilies in the Cottoidei set out in the 5th edition of Fishes of the World.<ref name = Deepfin>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Timeline of generaEdit

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from: -5.332    till: -2.588    color:pliocene    text:Plio.
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color:eocene bar:NAM2  from:-55.8    till:-33.9 text:Eocottus
color:eocene bar:NAM3  from:-55.8    till:-5.33 text:Ctenopomichthys
color:eocene bar:NAM4 from:-55.8    till:0 text:Platycephalus
color:eocene bar:NAM5 from:-37.2    till:0 text:Lepidotrigla
color:eocene bar:NAM6 from:-37.2    till:0 text:Notesthes
color:eocene bar:NAM7 from:-37.2    till:0 text:Podothecus
color:eocene bar:NAM8  from:-37.2    till:0 text:Scorpaena
color:oligocene bar:NAM9  from:-33.9    till:0 text:Agonus
color:oligocene bar:NAM10  from:-33.9    till:0 text:Pontinus
color:oligocene bar:NAM11 from:-33.9    till:0 text:Sebastes
color:oligocene bar:NAM12 from:-33.9    till:0 text:Trigla
color:miocene bar:NAM13 from:-23.03    till:0 text:Neoplatycephalus
color:miocene bar:NAM14  from:-23.03    till:0 text:Peristedion
color:miocene bar:NAM15 from:-15.97    till:0 text:Hoplichthys
color:miocene bar:NAM16  from:-11.61    till:-5.33 text:Achrestogrammus
color:miocene bar:NAM17  from:-11.61    till:-5.33 text:Lirosceles
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color:pliocene bar:NAM19 from:-5.33    till:0 text:Artedius
color:pliocene bar:NAM20 from:-5.33    till:0 text:Chitonotus
color:pliocene bar:NAM21 from:-5.33    till:0 text:Enophrys
color:pliocene bar:NAM22 from:-5.33    till:0 text:Icelinus
color:pliocene bar:NAM23 from:-5.33    till:0 text:Lepidocottus
color:pliocene bar:NAM24 from:-5.33    till:0 text:Leptocottus
color:pliocene bar:NAM25 from:-5.33    till:0 text:Malacocottus
color:pliocene bar:NAM26 from:-5.33    till:0 text:Prionotus
color:pliocene bar:NAM27 from:-5.33    till:0 text:Radulinus
color:pleistocene bar:NAM28 from:-2.59    till:0 text:Cyclopterus
color:pleistocene bar:NAM29 from:-2.59    till:0 text:Eutrigla
color:pleistocene bar:NAM30 from:-2.59    till:0 text:Ophiodon
color:pleistocene bar:NAM31 from:-2.59    till:0 text:Scorpaenichthys
color:pleistocene bar:NAM32 from:-2.59    till:0 text:Zaniolepis

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</timeline>

See alsoEdit

NotesEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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Template:Actinopterygii

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