Shorts
Template:Short description Template:About Template:Redirect Template:Use dmy dates
Shorts are a garment worn over the pelvic area, circling the waist and splitting to cover the upper part of the legs, sometimes extending down to the knees but not covering the entire length of the leg. They are called "shorts" because they are a shortened version of trousers, which cover the entire leg, but not the foot. Shorts are typically worn in warm weather or in an environment where comfort and airflow are more important than the protection of the legs.
There are a variety of shorts, ranging from knee-length short trousers that can in some situations be worn as formal clothes to beachwear and athletic shorts. Some types of shorts are typically worn by women, such as culottes, which are a divided skirt resembling a pair of loose-cut shorts.
Terminological differencesEdit
Template:More citations needed The British English term, short trousers, is used, only for shorts that are a short version of ordinary trousers (i.e., pants or slacks in American English). For example: tailored shorts, often lined, as typically worn as part of a school uniform for boys up to their early teens,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and by servicemen and policemen in tropical climates. Shorts, used unqualified in British English, refers to sports shorts, athletic shorts, or casual shorts; the last nowadays commonplace in warm weather in the UK. Shorts are also known as "half pants" in India.
The dated American English term, short pants, is probably the nearest equivalent in the US, where they might now be called dress shorts, a term that has not gained much currency in Britain.
A somewhat similar garment worn by men in Australia is called stubbies.
The term boxer shorts is an American coinage for a particular kind of men's underwear, and is now also common in Britain. However, boxer shorts are often referred to merely as boxers in the US. Moreover, whereas the American English usage of the word pants refers to outerwear (i.e., trousers in British English), the usage of pants in British English refers to the garment worn under one's trousers (such as boxers). Such a garment, however, is referred to as underpants in American English (note the qualification of the word pants by the word under). Alongside the term boxer shorts, undershorts or simply shorts were synonyms for underpants during the time of this coinage; while jockey shorts was a synonym for men's briefs.
SociologyEdit
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Europe and AmericaEdit
In much of Europe and the Americas during the 19th and early 20th centuries, shorts were worn as outerwear only by young boys until they reached a certain height or maturity. When boys got older, typically around puberty, they would receive their first pair of long trousers. This produced the perception that shorts were only for young boys. Because of this, men would not wear shorts to avoid looking immature, even when the weather was hot. Women tended not to wear shorts in most cultures, due to social mores: they were expected to wear dresses, or skirts and blouses.
In the 1890s, knee pants (an early type of short pants) became the standard wear for American boys. Many urban school portraits from the 1890s show all but the oldest boys wearing knee pants.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> North American boys normally wore knee pants with short stockings.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This began to change after the 1900s when North American boys began wearing knickerbockers during the winter, while short pants became more popular in Europe. In the 1930s, shorts started to be worn for casual comfort (e.g. outdoor and athletic activities) by both men and women. However, it was still taboo to wear shorts outside of certain activities.
Since about the time of World War II, when many soldiers served in tropical locations, adult men have worn shorts more often, especially in summer weather, but the perception of shorts as being only for young boys took several decades to change, and to some extent still exists in certain circles. Shorts would soon become more popular by the late 1960s as a result of the countercultural movement that defined the decade, and men and women started wearing jean shorts and other variants as the 1970s dawned.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It would become more common for men to wear shorts as casual wear in summer, but much less so in cooler seasons.Template:Cn
AsiaEdit
{{ safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{ safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= Template:Ambox }} }} Shorts are not traditional clothing in some Asian countriesTemplate:Specify. International trade and fashion trends have helped bring shorts to the East. They were first treated as taboo in countries like China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam because they conflicted with old traditions that women have to cover their body private parts and worries about sexual harassment.Template:Cn
As time goes by, shorts are slowly accepted by people, especially young people.Template:Citation needed
Now in Asia, wearing shorts is considered young, active, and energetic. They are a symbol of freedom from old rules and have helped promote gender equality.Template:Specify
WorldwideEdit
Adults are also commonly seen wearing shorts, but wearing shorts is less common among women in traditional eastern countries than in the West although that varies widely by region. Women more often wear shorts in large cosmopolitan cities. In some countries, adult women can be seen wearing loose-fitting shorts that end at or just below the knee, as these are seen as sufficiently modest.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In many countries, there are still many settings in which wearing shorts would not be acceptable, as they are considered too casual. Notable exceptions in which men may wear short trousers to the office or at formal gatherings are South Africa, Bermuda, Australia and New Zealand Template:Citation needed. Since the 1990s, casual office dress has grown to include formal shorts in some British and American businesses but by no means universally.
StylesEdit
| Image | Name | Description | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Brazil vs. Chile in Mineirão 05.jpg | Baggies | Loose-fitting shorts which reach the knees. This particular style has been associated with football kit and similar sports since 1904, when the Football Association of England dropped its rule requiring players cover their knees.<ref name=davies51/> Loose-fitting longer shorts rapidly replaced the former knickerbockers.<ref name=davies51>Template:Cite book</ref> Until the 1960s, footballers referred to these garments as "knickers", but after the 1960s, the term "shorts" entered standard usage.<ref name=davies51/> During the 1970s and 1980s, much shorter shorts became standard wear for footballers, but following the adoption of longer shorts by Tottenham Hotspur F.C. for a match on 18 May 1991, despite initial mockery, the longer length became more widely worn again.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> A popular nickname for West Bromwich Albion football club since the early 1900s has been the "Baggies". This is sometimes assumed to be in reference to the players' shorts, although there are multiple alternative explanations.<ref name=boing>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> "Baggies" is also an alternative term for boardshorts (see below).<ref name=maurer/><ref name=schmidt159/> |
| File:Claude Froidevaux (1990) by Erling Mandelmann.jpg | Bermuda shorts | File:Yellow Bermuda shorts.jpg Man in bermuda shorts File:StateLibQld 1 199919 Young woman modelling a short pantsuit, Brisbane, 1952.jpg Woman in bermuda shorts, 1952 Short trousers, terminating three to four inches above the knee, commonly worn by men in Bermuda (with knee-socks and a blazer and tie) for business attire and even at cocktail parties.<ref name=purcell>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=bermuda>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> They are available in a wide range of colors, ranging from conservative grey and navy, to brighter hues such as orange, green and pink.<ref name=bermuda/> Despite their name, they are not of Bermudian origin, but were originally designed around 1900 for military wear by the British armed forces in tropical climates.<ref name=bermuda/> From the 1920s onwards these military uniform shorts began to be copied by Bermudian tailors and civilians, and were subsequently taken up by tourists who spread the style around the world.<ref name=bermuda/> The tourists who appropriated the style wore Bermuda shorts almost exclusively as casual wear.<ref name=bermuda/> In the early 1990s Bermuda shorts became accepted in France as a fashionable option for women, although since the 1930s they had been increasingly established as an option for American women's fashionable sportswear.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=clemente>Template:Cite book</ref> In America, despite widespread criticism, Bermuda shorts were taken up by male and female students on college campuses from the 1920s and 1930s onwards, and by the 1950s, were widely worn.<ref name=clemente/> In early 21st century America, women's Bermuda shorts are known as "city shorts", and are usually knee-length, resembling a pencil skirt.<ref name=bermuda/> | |
| File:Beach boy summer time 2009.jpg | Boardshorts | Boardshorts are a form of long, loose-fitting shorts specifically designed for beachwear and aquatic sports. They may also be described as "baggies" (see above) or "jams".<ref name=maurer>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=schmidt159>Template:Cite book</ref> As "surf trunks" they first emerged in Hawaii in the 1950s, distinguished by their construction which included fly fastenings and secure pockets with sealable flaps.<ref name=honolulu>Template:Cite book</ref> These early surf trunks were made from cotton, although quick-drying synthetics such as nylon and neoprene quickly found favour with wearers.<ref name=honolulu/> They were made knee-length in order to protect the surfer's legs from sticking to the wax on their surfboard.<ref name=honolulu/>
In 1970 the company Quiksilver offered a highly successful boardshort design that rapidly gained a reputation among surfers as the best to be had.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> They would later pioneer a line of boardshorts specifically designed for the female wearer.<ref name=schmidt159/> Other leading boardshort manufacturers include Billabong and Rip Curl.<ref name=schmidt159/> By 2010, the boardshort was widely worn as a fashionable garment beyond the beach, including as clubwear and in schools.<ref name=honolulu/> In the early 21st century, polyester is increasingly used, often blended with other fibres such as Lycra, elastane, or spandex, creating an ultrasuede effect.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref> | |
| File:BoxerShorts-20070901.jpg | Boxer shorts | File:John Quinlan In Raja Boxing.jpg Wrestler John Quinlan in boxing shorts (2010) Elastic-waisted soft fabric shorts usually worn as underwear, but originally designed for wear by boxing participants. In their current form "boxers" were introduced in 1925 by Jacob Golomb (founder of the sports equipment and clothing company Everlast) as an alternative to the leather-belted trunks that boxers typically wore.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> They subsequently became an alternative to long underwear as well.<ref name=riess>Template:Cite book</ref> Men's boxers as undergarments began to be presented in novelty prints and patterns from the late 1950s onwards.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> During the 1980s and 1990s women began to wear boxer shorts paired with T-shirts as loungewear or sleepwear.<ref name=blanco299>Template:Cite book</ref> Boxer briefs, which emerged in the 1990s, are an underwear-specific variation on boxer shorts, but made from elastic knit fabric for a snug fit.<ref name=cole>Template:Cite book</ref> | ||
| File:Woman In Boyshorts.jpg | Boyshorts | Boyshorts (or boy shorts) are a form of women's underwear that first emerged in the 1990s, closely resembling abbreviated hotpants (see below).<ref name=stalder>Template:Cite book</ref> They are cut with wide sides and a low rise, reducing the risk of visible panty line.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Boyshorts are increasingly being worn as outerwear in sporting contexts, such as by Serena Williams on the tennis court,<ref name=stalder/> or by female athletes and runners as an alternative to "bun-huggers" (see below).<ref name=gerweck>Template:Cite journal</ref> | ||
| File:Womens beach volleyball.jpg | Bun huggers | Bun-huggers is a popular name for very brief, tight unisex athletic shorts, also known as "racing briefs". They have been compared to bikini bottoms.<ref name=gerweck/><ref name=oppliger/> In 2008 it was noted that the International Volleyball Federation used to require that female volleyball players wear such garments while playing.<ref name=oppliger>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=wsf>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}Template:Dead link Cited in Oppliger.</ref> A study made by the Women's Sports Foundation commented that making such garments compulsory for women athletes was "venturing into the arena of athlete exploitation".<ref name=wsf/> Since the mid-2000s such garments are increasingly being replaced by boyshorts (see above) which offer increased coverage and security to their wearers.<ref name=gerweck/> | |
| File:Man wearing a green T-shirt and cargo shorts (cropped).jpg | Cargo shorts | Cargo shorts are an abbreviated version of cargo pants, typically around knee-length, with multiple pockets that are typically stitched to the outside sides of the legs. In 1980 cargo shorts were marketed as ideal for the sportsman or fisherman, with the pocket flaps ensuring that pocket contents were secure and unlikely to fall out.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> By the mid-to-late 1990s cargo shorts found popularity among mainstream men's fashion.<ref>Hong, Nicole Nice Cargo Shorts! You’re Sleeping on the Sofa Wall Street Journal. 3 August 2016</ref> In 2012, Tim Gunn observed that while the pockets were undeniably useful for carrying things for work or other everyday tools, cargo shorts were more practical than elegant.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> | ||
| File:Culotte skirt and interior view.jpg | Culottes | Culottes were introduced in the mid-20th century as an abbreviated version of the late-nineteenth century divided skirt intended for horse- and bicycle-riding. Although called culotte skirts, they are basically full shorts constructed to hide their division.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Since the mid-20th century culottes have been increasingly offered as an alternative to skirts in women's uniforms, for instance in the Vietnam War when female Red Cross workers found their uniform skirts impractical around helicopters.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> | ||
| File:Man wearing cutoffs.jpg | Template:AnchorCut-offs | Also called "cutoffs". A generic term for trousers where the legs have been cut off mid-way. The concept has been around since the 1930s when shorts began to be acceptable wear outside the sports field.<ref name=clemente/> During the 1960s and 1970s the concept of deliberately cutting off the legs of jeans, allowing the raw edge to fray, along with other means of customising them, took hold as part of Western youth culture.<ref name=regan>Template:Cite book</ref> Whilst cut-offs can be home-made from existing jeans, ready-made cut-offs are also commercially retailed.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Extremely short denim cut-offs are known as "Daisy Dukes" (see below).<ref name=daisy/> | ||
| File:Cycling shorts (cropped from Cycling Ascent.jpg).jpg | Cycling shorts | File:Cycling bib shorts front.jpg Bib shorts |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> They are designed to fit the posture of a cyclist bent over in the racing position, cut longer in the back than in the front to guarantee full coverage.<ref name=goodman>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Since the 1980s, such garments are increasingly designed to take into account the difference between male and female bodies, as women's shorts require a longer waist-to-crotch measurement.<ref name=goodman/> Since the 1980s, 'bike shorts' have also been worn as fashion garments, although these versions often lack the internal padding and construction required by cyclists.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Anchor | |
| File:Jacklyn Ocean in her Daisy Dukes.jpg | Daisy Dukes | An extremely short version of denim cut-offs (see above), popularly known as "Daisy Dukes" in reference to Catherine Bach's character of that name from the American television show The Dukes of Hazzard.<ref name=daisy>Template:Cite news</ref> They are a form of hot pants or short shorts (see below), typically worn by women (see below). | ||
| File:Young man wearing jorts (denim shorts) (cropped).jpg | Jorts or Denim shorts | Template:AnchorDenim shorts are worn by all genders. They can also be called "jorts", a portmanteau of "jeans" and "shorts", although this term is arguably limited to knee-length baggy styles.<ref name=lefler>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
However, the term can describe many styles of shorts made from denim,<ref name=lefler/> such as cut-offs (see above) or Daisy Dukes (see above).<ref name=daisy/> The term "jorts", defined simply as denim shorts, was added to the Oxford English Dictionary in 2013.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | |
| File:Hooters Calendar Girl Melissa Poe.jpg | Dolphin shorts | A specific style of gym shorts, very short, originally made from nylon with contrasting binding, side slits, and rounded corners, popular in the 1980s.<ref name=mansour>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=negley/> The name is a corruption of Dolfin, the American company that first produced the original running shorts in the 1980s.<ref name=negley>Template:Cite news</ref> One high-profile wearer of 'dolphin shorts' is the fitness guru Richard Simmons, who in 2012, boasted of owning 400 pairs of vintage Dolfins.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2012, it was reported that orange Dolfin shorts are specified as part of the uniform for waitresses at Hooters.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | ||
| File:US Navy 041110-N-0413R-001 Machinist Mate 3rd Class Lorne Semrau of Harrisburg, Pa., keeps in shape while underway by working out one of the many treadmills aboard USS Nimitz (CVN 68).jpg | Gym shorts | A generic term for shorts specifically designed for sportswear. | ||
| File:Bebe Hot Pants 01 2008.jpg | Hotpants or Hot pants | The term "hot pants" appeared around 1970 as a description for extremely short shorts, made in luxury fabrics such as velvet and silk, emphasising their role as fashion garments rather than practical wear.<ref name=cumming>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In 1976, Eleanor Lambert noted that the term "hot pants" had been coined by Women's Wear Daily to describe fashions innovated by the French ready-to-wear company Dorothée Bis.<ref name=lambert>Template:Cite book</ref> Lambert also credits Mariuccia Mandelli of the Italian fashion label Krizia with designing the first "hot pants" in 1970.<ref name=lambert/> Hotpants are also increasingly credited to Mary Quant.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
While the term "hotpants" is used generically to describe short shorts (see below) made in any material, similar garments had been worn since the 1930s.<ref name=50yrs>Template:Cite book</ref> Very short men's shorts may also be occasionally called hotpants.<ref name=50yrs/> | ||
| File:Knopflatz Lederhose ca. 1940 cropped.jpg | Lederhosen | Leather shorts, often worn with matching suspenders connected by a chest band, traditionally associated with Bavaria, Germany; and countries formerly part of the Tyrol region and Austria-Hungary.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> | ||
| File:Turnhosen wiki.jpg | Running shorts | File:Trail runner at the Ullswater Trail Race 2011.jpg Trail running shorts Trail running shorts are typically made longer and in harder-wearing fabric that is less likely to catch and tear on protruding branches.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> | ||
| File:Schoolshorts1.jpg | School shorts | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> Originally, wool flannel was used, as in long trousers, but nowadays these short trousers are more usually made from synthetic blend fabrics.<ref name=hbc/> The traditional grey flannel shorts associated with British school uniform had become well-established by the 1920s, when they were knee-length or just above knee-length.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=avril>Template:Cite book</ref> Up until the 1950s school shorts were also described as 'knickers' in tailoring catalogues and jargon.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> This term possibly originated as an abbreviation of knickerbockers, which began being worn by schoolboys for sports in the 1880s.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> As the term 'knickers' had become synonymous with panties in the 20th century, it was rarely used colloquially for shorts. By 2004, a study of British private schools noted that traditional grey school shorts had become denoters of private or public school uniform, as they were no longer required wear by state schools.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Similar tailored shorts form part of school uniform in a number of countries, including Australia, Singapore, South Africa and New Zealand,<ref name=hbc/> and are also part of the uniform worn by children in organisations such as the Cub Scouts. | |
| File:Model ready to hit the runway (IMG 7651a) (5459400817).jpg | Template:AnchorShort shorts | File:Snapshot. Eleanor and Lorraine BAnQ P48S1P12496 - cropped and straightened.jpg Posing in short shorts, 1945 | ||
| File:ZGolfSensation.JPG | Skort | Skort (a portmanteau of "skirt" and "shorts") are made with a flap of fabric in front that creates the illusion of their being a skirt from the front.<ref name=lefler2>Template:Cite book</ref> They are often worn for sport and active pursuits.<ref name=lefler2/> When the skort was first introduced in America in the late 1950s it described a pair of shorts with an attached pleated overskirt.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> | ||
| Tailored shorts | Tailored shorts are more structured and fitted. Usually to achieve a more sophisticated look. Since 2020 they've become popular with women and often part of 2 piece shorts sets. | |||
| File:Zip off shorts or convertible trousers.jpg | Zip-offs or Convertible Shorts/Pants/Trousers | Long pants which zip off at the knee, allowing the wearer to vary the length of their trouser leg at wish. Often recommended for hiking or walking, zip-offs have been around since the 1980s.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> They are also suited to fishermen, as longer pants can easily be converted to wading-length shorts.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> |
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