Shot glass

A shot glass is a glass originally designed to hold or measure spirits or liquor, which is either imbibed straight from the glass ("a shot") or poured into a cocktail ("a drink"). An alcoholic beverage served in a shot glass and typically consumed quickly, in one gulp, may also be known as a "shooter" or “shot”.

File:Novelty Shot Glasses.JPG

Shot glasses with a variety of designs. Shot glasses such as these are often collected as novelty items.

Shot glasses decorated with a wide variety of toasts, advertisements, humorous pictures, or other decorations and words are popular souvenirs and collectibles, especially as merchandise of a brewery.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Name origin

The word shot, meaning a drink of alcohol, has been used since at least the 17th century, taken from the Old English 'sceot' and is related to the German word {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}.<ref name="OED shot">Template:Cite OED2</ref>

Earliest examples

Some of the earliest whiskey glasses in America from the late 1700s to early 1800s were called "whiskey tasters" or "whiskey tumblers" and were hand blown. They are thick, similar to today's shot glasses, but will show a pontil mark or scar on the bottom, or a cupped area on the bottom where the pontil mark was ground and polished off. Some of these glasses even have hand-applied handles and decorations hand crafted using a grinding wheel.

In the early to mid-1800s, glass blowers began to use molds and several different patterns of "whiskey tasters" in several different colors were being made in molds. These glasses are also thick like today's shot glass but they will have rough pontiled bottoms from being hand blown into the mold. By the 1870s to 1890s as glass making technology improved, the rough pontiled bottoms largely disappeared from glasses and bottles.

Shot-measuring tools

Jigger

File:Bartool14.jpg

Variety of jiggers

A jigger, also known as a measure, is a bartending tool used to measure liquor, which is typically then poured into a glass or cocktail shaker.

The term jigger in the sense of a small cup or measure of spirits or wine originates in the U.S. in the early 19th century. Many references from the 1800s describe the "jigger boss" providing jiggers of whiskey to Irish immigrant workers who were digging canals in the U.S. Northeast.<ref name="Ware 1907">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="OED">Template:Cite OED2</ref>

The style of double-ended jigger common today, made of stainless steel with two unequal sized opposing cones in an hourglass shape, was patented in 1893 by Cornelius Dungan of Chicago.<ref name="Punch">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Typically, one cone measures a regulation single shot, and the other some fraction or multiple—with the actual sizes depending on local laws and customs.

In the U.S. up until Prohibition, a jigger was commonly known to be about half a gill, or Template:Convert,<ref name="Willet1">Template:Cite book</ref> but starting in the latter part of the 20th century, it is typically interpreted to be Template:Convert.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Klein1">Template:Cite book</ref> The jiggers used in the U.K. are typically Template:Cvt and sometimes Template:Cvt. Jiggers may also hold other amounts and ratios, and can vary depending on the region and date of manufacture. Many jiggers may also have fractional markings on the inside of the bowl, to facilitate smaller measures of liquid.

Measuring shot glass

File:Two shot glasses.jpg

Two Jägermeister shot glasses with fill lines designating 20 and 40 ml measures

A measuring shot glass is graduated in smaller units such as half-ounces, teaspoons, tablespoons, or millilitres. They are useful for precise measurement of cocktail ingredients, as well as in cooking recipes that call for multiples of a smaller unit (e.g. several teaspoons), allowing the dispensing of the amount in a single measure.Template:Cn

Sizes

Country	Small	Single	Double	Notes
Albania		50 ml	100 ml
Australia		30 ml	60 ml	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> At 30 ml, a typical spirit with 40 percent alcohol is roughly equivalent to one Australian standard drink.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Bulgaria	50 ml	100 ml	200 ml
Canada	Template:Convert or Template:Convert	Template:Convert or Template:Convert	Template:Convert	In Canada, a "shot" may refer to an official "standard drink" of Template:Convert,<ref name="CCSA">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> though all establishments serve a "standard drink" of 1 oz.<ref>Smart Serve Ontario: Hospitality Industry Training Organization of Ontario. Smart Serve Ontario: Responsible Alcohol Beverage Service Training (2002). Queen's Printer for Ontario, p. 6.</ref> However, shot glasses available in Canada typically are manufactured according to US fluid ounces rather than imperial,<ref name="Spectator ">Template:Cite news</ref> making them about 4% larger.
Channel Islands		25 ml	50 ml	Jersey and Guernsey, both Crown Dependencies.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Denmark	20 ml	40 ml	50 ml
Estonia	20 or 30 ml	40 ml
Finland	20 ml	40 ml	Template:NA
France		25 or 35 ml	50 or 70 ml
Germany		20 ml	40 ml	lang}}) are smaller.Template:Citation needed
Greece		45 ml	90 ml	A shot is also commonly referred to as a Template:Transliteration and it can be made of one liquor or a cocktail mix. There is also a 3 oz – "bottoms up" – version of Template:Transliteration, called Template:Transliteration, Greek word for submarine. It is served in a standard liquor glass half full of lager, where the bartender adds a glass shot filled with vodka or whiskey.Template:Citation needed
Hungary	20 or 30 ml	40 or 50 ml	80 or 100 ml	lang}} ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}} meaning "half", standing for 0.5 dl), {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (for pálinka), {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} or {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}.Template:Citation needed
India	30 ml	30 ml	60 ml	A shot is commonly referred to as a "peg", and is measured as a "small" (Template:Transliteration), or a "large" (Template:Transliteration) peg. A 120 ml shot (approximate quantity) in India is called a Patiala peg.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
Ireland		35.5 ml	71 ml	Derived from the use of a quarter-gill (35.516 ml, one-sixteenth of a pint) as the traditional Irish spirit measure.
Isle of Man		28.4 ml	56.8 ml	One-fifth of an imperial gill.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Israel	30 ml	50 or 60 ml		lang}} ("chaser").<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Italy	30 ml	40 or 60 ml		lang}} or, more informally and used mainly in nightclubs by young people, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}. In North Italy, the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is the most-common way to taste grappa from at least two centuries.Template:Citation needed
Japan	30 ml	60 ml		lang}} (Template:Transliteration) is the term for a shot glass.
Korea		50 ml		Due to the reason shot glasses are almost exclusively used with Soju, they are called {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (Template:Transliteration, lit. Soju glass).
Netherlands		35 ml		lang}}, in which {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} means a gathering at which alcoholic drinks are served and {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is a verb meaning to partake in said gathering.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Norway	20 ml	40 ml
Poland	20 ml	50 ml	100 ml	lang}} (lit. fifty, as in 50 ml) while a large shot (double) is called {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} or, colloquially, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (lit. a hundred, as in 100 ml).
Romania	50 ml	100 ml		lang}} meaning "a small one" or {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, meaning "a fifty", as in fifty milliliters. A single shot is simply called {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, meaning "one (big)".Template:Citation needed
Russia		50 ml	100 ml	lang}} (Template:Transliteration) in Russian, though a variety of slang names exist. Before metrication a single shot was called {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (Template:Transliteration) and amounted to 61.5 ml, while a double was called {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (Template:Transliteration) and was equal to 123 ml — both names are still occasionally used.
Serbia	20 ml	30–50 ml	60–100 ml	lang}} and {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, meaning "small glass for {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}Template:-" and "{{#invoke:Lang|lang}} glass", or simply as {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, meaning "measure". A double shot is simply called {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, meaning "a double", while the smallest, 20 milliliter glass, is known as {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} meaning "two".Template:Citation needed
Sweden	20 ml	40 ml	60 ml	lang}}, meaning "a four" and a double is referred to as a {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, meaning "a six", as Swedes generally use centiliters rather than milliliters.
Slovakia	20 or 25 ml	40 or 50 ml	80 or 100 ml	lang}} (literally, "half a decilitre", 50 ml).Template:Citation needed
Slovenia	30 ml	50 ml	100 ml	lang}} ("zero five", meaning 0.5 of a decilitre), and the small one {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} ("zero three"). Another common term for a single shot is {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, meaning "the short one".
South Africa		25 ml	50 ml	The South African government has an official definition for the single-shot size.Template:Citation needed
United Kingdom		25 or 35 ml	50 or 70 ml	Shots sold on-premises must contain either 25 ml or 35 ml measures of whisky, gin, rum, or vodka as defined in the Weights and Measures Act of 1985. This requirement does not extend to other spirits. A 2001 amendment allowed a double shot of 70 ml to be served. Generally, a single shot is equal to 35 ml in Northern Ireland and Scotland and 25 ml in Wales and England.<ref name="1 Unit">"1 Unit" Template:Webarchive (PDF format).</ref>
United States		Template:Convert	Template:Convert	There is no official size for a single shot, except in Utah, where a shot is defined as Template:Convert.<ref name="ShotglassOrg">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Elsewhere in the U.S., the standard size is generally considered to be Template:Convert.<ref name="AboutDrinkware">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="dictS">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> A double shot in the U.S. may be Template:Convert<ref name="dictD">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> or more. However in most of the U.S. 1.5 US fl oz is the standard, with 1.5 US fl oz of 40% A.B.V spirit having the equivalent alcohol of Template:Convert of 5% beer, and Template:Convert of 12% wine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>

See also

• Alcoholic spirits measure
• Alcohol measurements

External links

• The Shotglass collectors website