Thane

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}}Template:Main other Thane ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}; previously known as Thana, the official name until 1996) is a metropolitan city located on the northwestern side of the state of Maharashtra in India and on the northeastern side of Mumbai. It is an immediate neighbour of Mumbai city proper, and a part of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region. It is situated in the north-eastern portion of the Salsette Island.

Thane city is situated entirely within Thane taluka, one of the seven talukas of Thane district. It serves as the headquarters of the district. Thane city ranks as the 15th most populous city in India, with a population of 1,890,000 according to the 2011 census.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Etymology and other namesEdit

The ancient name of Thana was Template:IAST. It appears as Template:Transliteration in early medieval Arab sources.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

The name Thane has been variously Romanised as Tana,<ref>Template:Citation.</ref> Thana,<ref>Template:Citation, cited in Template:Citation.</ref> Thâṇâ,<ref>Template:Citation.</ref> and Thame.<ref>Template:Citation.</ref> Ibn Battuta and Abulfeda knew it as KukinTemplate:NbspTana; Duarte Barbosa as TanaTemplate:NbspMayambu.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref> Before 1996, the city was called "Thana", the British spelling of the city, until it was replaced with the more-local name.

HistoryEdit

A copper plate dating to AD 1078 was discovered near the foundations of Thane Fort in 1787. A land grant from Arikesara Devaraja, lord of Tagara, wherein he addresses the inhabitants of a city called "Sri Sthanaka".<ref>Template:Citation.</ref> For a long time, it was a military training and recruitment center of the Maratha Empire.

The East India Company occupied Salsette Island, Thana Fort, Fort Versova and the island fort of Karanja at the start of First Anglo-Maratha War, but after a short time it was recaptured by the forces of Haripant Phadke and Tukoji Holkar. After the conclusion of the Treaty of Salbai, both Thana Fort and the island of Salsette were taken over by the British.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

GeographyEdit

File:Thana district Places of Interest 1896 map.jpg

Thane district: places of Interest (1896 map)

ClimateEdit

Thane has a tropical monsoon climate that borders on a tropical wet and dry climate. The overall climate is equable with high rainfall days and minimal days of extreme temperatures.

Temperature in Thane varies from 22°C to 36°C. The region experiences winter temperatures that can drop to as low as 12°C at night, while summer temperatures can ascend to over 40°C at noon. The lowest daytime temperatures are typically observed during the peak of the summer monsoon in July and August, when temperatures can plummet to approximately 25°C. Around 80% of the total annual rainfall is concentrated in the period from June to October. The average annual rainfall is recorded at 2000–2500mm, and the humidity level ranges from 61% to 86%, rendering the area a humid zone.

Template:Weather boxThane has been ranked 12th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

LakesEdit

No.	Name	Image	Details	Coordinates	Area (in hectares)
1	Ambe Ghosale Lake		At Meenatai Thakare Chowk, Castle Mill Naka (Opposite Desai Bunglow) in Uthalsar Ward committee	Template:Coord	2.77
2	Brahamala Lake		Near Babubhai Petrol Pump in Uthalsar Ward Committee	Template:Coord	0.5173
3	Burbank Lake		Inside Hiranandani Estate, between Park Avenue and Wood Street. To the west of it is Lake Enclave.	Template:Coord	0.5857
4	Datiwali Lake		East side of Diva station situated in the marshland of Ulhas river in Mumbra Ward Committee Area	Template:Coord	0.77
5	Dawala Lake		At Ovala in Majiwada-Manpada Prabhag Samiti		1.136
6	Desai Lake		On westside of Ulhas river, in Desai village in Mumbra Ward Committee	Template:Coord	1.75
7	Devasar Lake		At the end of Bhayanderpada at foothills of Sanjay Gandhi National Park in Majiwada-Manpada Ward Committee		0.516
8	Diaghar Lake		At the outskirts of Diaghar village in Mumbra Ward Committee	Template:Coord	0.363
9	Diva Lake		Situated just outside Diva station in Mumbra Ward Committee		0.405
10	Gokul Nagar Lake		It is a small lake situated in the heart of the city in the midst of Gokulnagar slums in Uthalsar Ward Committee	Template:Coord	0.325
11	Hariyali Lake		Near Thane Railway Station in Kopari Ward Committee	Template:Coord	0.7939
12	Jail Lake		Opp. Post Office beside Jail Water Tank in Uthalsar Ward committee	Template:Coord	1.43
13	Jogila Lake		Near Uthalsar Ward office		approx 0.1
14	Kacharali Lake		Opp. TMC Head Office in Naupada Ward Committee	Template:Coord	2
15	Kalwa Lake		Kalwa Ward office. Located close to railway station		2
16	Kasar-Wadavali Lake		Majivada, Manpada Ward office	Template:Coord	4.5173
17	Kausa Lake		Mumbra Ward office, Kausa	Template:Coord	1.5173
18	Kavesar Lake		Situated at Waghbill road		2.1746
19	Khardi Lake		The lake is situated in premises of khardipada, Shil		approx. 1.15
20	Kharegaon Lake		Kalwa Ward office		0.7377
21	Khidkali Lake		Mumbra Ward office Khidkali Lake is situated on the eastern side of the Thane creek near the Shil phata		1.7
22	Kolbad Lake		Uthalsar Ward office	Template:Coord	1
23	Kolshet Lake		Manpada Ward office	Template:Coord	1
24	Makhamali Talav		Uthalsar Ward office	Template:Coord	1
25	Masunda Lake (Talao Pali)	File:Masunda Lake in Thane.jpg	Masunda Lake (also known as Talao Pali) is located on West of Thane, in the heart of Thane city. The lake is surrounded by important historic places like Gadkari Rangayatan, St. John church, Kopineshwar temple and Jambli market. There is a Mahadev Dhyan Mandir at the centre of the lake and also a statue of Shivaji Maharaj near the lake.	Template:Coord	7.2
26	Naar Lake		Naar Lake is situated on outskirts of Thane along the Ghodbunder road		0.7550
27	Phadakepada Lake		Mumbra Ward office	Template:Coord	1.71
28	Railadevi Lake		Railadevi Ward office	Template:Coord	8
29	Rewale Lake		Majivada-manpada Ward office	Template:Coord	0.5173
30	Shill Lake		Mumbra Ward office		6
31	Shivaji Nagar, Balkumb Lake		The lake is situated along old agra road next to water supply line in Balkum area		0.2247
32	Siddheshwar Lake		Uthalsar Ward office	Template:Coord	3
33	Upvan Lake	File:Upvan in Morning.jpg	Lake is located at the foothills of Yeoor. A statue of Lord Shiva is situated in the middle of the lake. A Ganesh temple is situated near lake.	Template:Coord	6
Reference:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation						CitationClass=web }}</ref>

DemographicsEdit

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Template:Historical population

The population of Thane according to the 2011 census is 1,886,941.<ref>Census of India: Sub-District Details Template:Webarchive. Censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 16 July 2013.</ref> The average literacy rate of Thane city is 91.36 percent for where male and female literacy was 94.19 and 88.14 percent respectively. The sex ratio of Thane city is 882 females per 1000 males. Child sex ratio is 900 girls per 1000 boys. Total children (0–6) in Thane city are 186,259 as per Census India report on 2011. There were 98,017 boys while 88,242 are girls. Children form 10.24% of total population of Thane City.

The primary language spoken in Thane is Marathi, with widespread understanding and usage of Hindi. Some of the East Indian families in the Khatri ward of Thane still speak Portuguese.<ref>Thane Gazetteer: Population: Christians – Speech Template:Webarchive. Maharashtra.gov.in. Retrieved 21 January 2012.</ref> About 1,800 of India's approximately 5,000 Jews live in Thane.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

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At the time of the 2011 census, 48.50% of the population spoke Marathi, 19.59% Hindi, 12.99% Urdu, 3.93% Gujarati, 2.44% Bhojpuri, 1.37% Kannada, 1.29% Malayalam, 1.21% Bengali, 1.15% Tamil, 1.14% Marwari and 0.94% Konkani as their first language.<ref name="Language">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

SportsEdit

Cricket is the most popular sport in Thane. Dadoji Kondadev Stadium, a sports arena of cricket is present in the city. Thane comes under jurisdiction of Mumbai Cricket Association, the governing body for cricket in Mumbai. Its players play for the Mumbai cricket team in Indian domestic cricket.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

TransportEdit

RailwaysEdit

Template:Multiple image

Thana was the terminus for the first ever passenger train in Asia. On 16 April 1853, the passenger train service was inaugurated between Bori Bunder (Bombay) and Thane.<ref>Colonialism: An International, Social, Cultural and Political encyclopedia By Melvin Eugene Page, Penny M. Sonnenburg, page 135 Template:Webarchive</ref> Covering a distance of 34 km (21 mi), it was hauled by three locomotives: Sahib, Sindh and Sultan. The Thane viaducts, the first railway bridges, were built over the Thane creek when the Mumbai-Thane line was extended to Kalyan in May 1854.

Thane is connected with neighbouring suburbs through Central and Trans-Harbour Line Suburban railway network. Thane is a railway junction for the Thane-Vashi & Panvel Harbour Line and Central Line. It is one of the busiest stations in India and handles 654,000 passengers daily.<ref>Thane is busiest railway station in Mumbai – Times Of India . Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com (19 May 2013). Retrieved 16 July 2013.</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Thane railway station will soon be revamped, Work to start soon on Rs 800-crore project.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

MetroEdit

As of January 2021, the MMRDA, the nodal agency for building 300 km of vast Metro network, has proposed a plan to build an elevated depot for three Metro lines : 4 (Wadala-Thane-Kasarvadavali), 4A (Kasarvadavali-Gaimukh), 10 (Gaimukh-Shivaji Nagar) and 11 (Wadala-General Post Office, CSMT) at one stop. This depot is proposed at Mogharpada, Thane. The total project cost is estimated to be ₹ 596.60 crore.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

As of 2019, Wadala and Thane are being connected through a Metro line.<ref>Soon, take a metro from south Mumbai to Thane Template:Webarchive. Hindustan Times (23 April 2013). Retrieved 16 July 2013.</ref>

On 26 August 2015, the MMRDA sanctioned ₹354 billion for 118 km Mumbai metro network. This includes a 40-km Wadala-Ghatkopar-Thane-Kasarvadavali Metro-4 corridor via Wadala GPO and R.A.Kidwai Marg costing ₹120 billion.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On 16 August, 2024, the Union Government gave its approval for Thane Metro, a 29 km ring metro project.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It will have 22 stations, and is expected to open in 2029. It will be executed by Maha Metro.

Thane Municipal Transport (TMT)Edit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}Thane Municipal Corporation started its transport service on 9 February 1989, known as Thane Municipal Transport (TMT). TMT provides services in Thane city and suburbs like Mulund, Borivali, Mira Road, Nala Sopara, Vasai, Bhiwandi and Navi Mumbai, among others.<ref name="thanemahapalika.com">[1] Template:Webarchive</ref>

Number of —	Details
Buses	299
Routes	45
Depots	Anand Nagar (Ghodbunder Road) Kalwa Depot Kolshet Depot (proposed) Mulla Bagh Depot Wagle Estate Depot
Bus stands	8
Bus stops	874<ref name="thanemahapalika.com"/>
km travelled per day	63,135
Daily bus trips	7,114
Daily passengers	280,017
Daily income	₹1,388,547/-
km travelled per day per bus	211
Employees	2,558<ref name="thanemahapalika.com"/>

Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT)Edit

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File:Nmmtabc.jpg

NMMT Buses

Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT) operates AC and Non-AC buses from Thane Cidco Bus Stand to various parts of Navi Mumbai (Airoli, Rabale, Ghansoli, Mahape, Kopar Khairane, Vashi, Turbhe, Nerul, Belapur, Kharghar, Kalamboli, Panvel) and also to Purna (via Kalher) and Bhiwandi (via Mankoli).

Mira Bhayandar Municipal Transport (MBMT)Edit

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File:Buses of Mira-Bhayandar Municipal Transport.jpg

MBMT Buses

Mira-Bhayandar Municipal Transport (MBMT) started from 2006. The buses ply from Dahisar Check naka towards Versova [Thane] Check naka. So till now majority of MBMT buses can be taken up at the Check naka only. MBMT has started new services to Thane City from January 2010.

Route	Route No	Starting	Destination (Thane)	Route Description
Ordinary	7	Bhayander Railway Station (West)	Ghodbunder Village	Kashimira<ref>Know your Town Better Template:Webarchive. Mira-Road.com.</ref>
Limited	10 LTD	Bhayander Railway Station (West)	Thane Railway Station (East)	Ghodbunder Road
Ordinary	29	Mira Road Railway Station	Marathon Chowk (Teen Haath Naka)	Ghodbunder Road

Vasai-Virar Municipal Transport (VVMT)Edit

Vasai Virar Municipal Transport (VVMT) operates two routes in Thane. First from Vasai to Mulund Via Thane/Ghodbunder road and second from Nala Sopara to Thane Kopri.

Future of transport in ThaneEdit

A light rail network covering 42 km has been proposed in three phases. In the first phase, consultants have suggested connectivity between Balkum and Kolshet via Naupada. It will be 16.05 km long with 14.65 km elevated, and only 1.4 km on the surface, and 11 stations in all.<ref>Times of India report. timesofindia.indiatimes.com. (26 December 2005).</ref>