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Tourism in Russia

Article Discussion

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File:1 Saint Basils Cathedral.jpg
St. Basil's Cathedral in Red Square

Tourism in Russia plummeted in 2022. Only 200,100 foreigners visited Russia in 2022, a drop of 96.1% from pre-pandemic/pre-Russian invasion of Ukraine years.<ref name="auto1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Earlier, Russia had seen rapid growth since the late Soviet times, first domestic tourism and then international tourism as well.<ref>"Number of inbound tourism visits to Russia from 2014 to 2022", Statista, 27 April 2023</ref> Russia had formerly been among the most popular tourist destinations in the world, though it fell off that list in 2022. Not including Crimea, the country contains 23 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, while more are on UNESCO's tentative lists.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Tourist routes in Russia include a travel around the Golden Ring of ancient cities, cruises on the rivers including the Volga, and long journeys on the Trans-Siberian Railway. Diverse regions and ethnic cultures of Russia offer different foods and souvenirs, and show a variety of traditions, including Russian Maslenitsa, Tatar Sabantuy, or Siberian shamanist rituals. In 2013, Russia was visited by 33 million tourists, making it the ninth-most visited country in the world and the seventh-most visited in Europe.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

HistoryEdit

Template:Expand section After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, several governments, including the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada have issued travel advisories calling on their nationals to avoid travel to Russia.<ref name="auto">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> For the same reason, airline routes between Russia and Western countries were closed, and supply of spare parts for some domestic airline traffic inside Russia became a challenge.<ref>"Sanctions: Russia's commercial airlines face a slow death", Deutsche Welle, 18 November 2022</ref>

Only 200,100 foreigners visited Russia in 2022, a drop of 96.1 percent from the pre-pandemic period.<ref name="auto1"/> Most of Europe closed its airspace to Russian planes a few days after Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022.<ref name="auto1"/> Foreign-issued Visa and Mastercard cards no longer work in Russia, further impacting tourism.<ref name="auto1"/>

Cultural tourismEdit

File:Kishi church 4.jpg
Kizhi in north-west Russia
File:NN-07-2021 06.jpg
Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Street in Nizhny Novgorod

Tourist destinations in Russia include Saint Petersburg (which appeared in the list of top visited cities of Europe in 2010) and Moscow, the current and the former capitals of the country. Moscow and Saint Petersburg museums such as Hermitage and Tretyakov Gallery, theaters including Bolshoi and Mariinsky, churches such as Saint Basil's Cathedral, Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, Saint Isaac's Cathedral and Church of the Savior on Blood, fortifications such as the Kremlin and Peter and Paul Fortress, squares such as Red Square and Palace Square, and streets such as Tverskaya and Nevsky Prospect. Palaces and parks are found in the former imperial residences in the suburbs of Moscow (Kolomenskoye, Tsaritsyno) and Saint Petersburg (Peterhof, Strelna, Oranienbaum, Gatchina, Pavlovsk Palace, Tsarskoye Selo). Moscow contains Soviet-era buildings along with modern skyscrapers, while Saint Petersburg has classical architecture, rivers, channels and bridges.Template:Citation needed

File:Grand Cascade of Peterhof 01.jpg
Grand Cascade in Peterhof in Saint Petersburg

Nizhny Novgorod is the capital of the Volga region. Nizhny Novgorod is divided into two parts by the Oka River. The Upper City is its historical part. The Lower City is its industrial and commercial part. Here are the Fair, the old Sormovo and Kanavino, GAZ and Sotsgorod (the so-called "city in the city"), the railway terminal, and the airport.Template:Citation needed

Kazan, the capital of Tatarstan, shows a mix of Christian Russian and Muslim Tatar cultures.Template:Citation needed

Sakha Republic proposes to use former forced labour camps as a tourist attraction.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Poles visit places of Communist crimes, e.g., of the Katyn massacre and Solovetsky Islands.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

MuseumsEdit

Russia is home to museums that include the Tretyakov Gallery, the Kremlin Armoury and the State Historical Museum in Moscow, the Hermitage Museum, and the Russian Museum in St Petersburg, the Kazan Kremlin in Kazan, etc.Template:Citation needed Russia has museums related to its literary and classical music heritage, such as Yasnaya Polyana associated with Leo Tolstoy, the Mikhaylovskoye Museum Reserve associated with Alexander Pushkin, the Dostoyevsky Museum, the Tchaikovsky State House-Museum, and the Rimsky-Korsakov Apartment and Museum.Template:Citation needed

Museums related to Russia's military history and military hardware include the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War on Poklonnaya Hill, the Central Naval Museum in St Petersburg, the Battle of Stalingrad Museum in Volgograd.Template:Citation needed Museums related to science and technology include the Polytechnic Museum of Moscow, and the Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics.

The GULAG History Museum tells the story about the GULAG camps in Siberia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Multiple image

Nature tourismEdit

In Russia, Nature Reserves have history and it has its own word of definition Zapovedniks (Template:Langx, plural заповедники) more than 100 Nature Reserves exist in Russia and more than 50 National Parks.

National parks and sanctuaries of Russia include the Baikal Nature Reserve, the Altai Nature Reserve, the Lazovsky Nature Reserve, the Kedrovaya Pad Nature Reserve, the Curonian Spit National Park, the Valdaysky National Park, the Baikal-Lena Nature Reserve, the Ilmen Nature Reserve.

The Seven Wonders of Russia include Lake Baikal, Valley of Geysers, Manpupuner rock formations, Kizhi Island, and Mount Elbrus.

Other areas include Republic of Adygea where Fisht Mountain is located, Chechnya Republic where Lake Kezenoyam is located.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Multiple image

Health tourismEdit

File:Нарзанная галерея, фонтан "лягушки".JPG
Narzan Gallery building in Kislovodsk housing a dozen fountains of both hot and cold mineral-rich water

Mineral spa resorts have been established across Russia in such regions as Kamchatka Krai, Altai Krai, Krasnodar Krai, Stavropol Krai, North Caucasus region of Russia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Some cites have natural hot spring water during winter and some of Russian cities are called Russian Spa town, including Pyatigorsk, Yessentuki, Kislovodsk, Zheleznovodsk and Mineralnye Vody; these towns are jointly known as the Caucasian Mineral Waters.

Russia has one of the largest water borders in world, but only the more Southern regions are suitable for resort tourism. The warm subtropical Black Sea coast of Russia is the site for some seaside resorts such as Sochi and Tuapse.Template:Citation needed

Winter sportEdit

A vast part of Russian territory is in Subarctic climate and humid continental climate, and that is why it is cold. In addition, Russia is mountainous in regions like Northern Caucasus, Altai Krai and Kamchatka Peninsula. The Highest peak in Europe, Mount Elbrus, is in Russia, which makes Russia a place for Winter sport. Ski resorts are in Russia. A ski resort in Russia is Sochi and its Krasnaya Polyana. Other ski resorts in Russia are Dombay in Karachay–Cherkessia in Northern Caucasus.Template:Citation needed Template:Multiple image

Medical tourismEdit

Russia is a destination for medical tourism. A factor in its popularity was the relatively weak ruble post-2014, which saw the industry grow from some 110,000 clients in 2017<ref name="forbes-medical-tourism">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> to some 728,000 clients in the first five months of 2020.<ref name="ratanews">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Stomatology is the most used (44% of patients), genecology and urology follow (25% taken together), the other services are plastic surgery (10%), ophthalmology (10%), and cardiology (5%).<ref name="forbes-medical-tourism" /> Most clients come from the CIS states, where receiving high-tech medical assistance can be problematic, particularly from Central Asia, which amounts for 62% of all patients; but also from Eastern Europe (32%), South and East Asia (5%).<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> In addition to price and accessibility of complex manipulations, the difference in regulations between Russia and the clients' own nations is a driving factor for receiving care in Russia: for instance, in vitro fertilization is illegal in China, but legal in Russia.<ref name="ratanews" />

Religious tourismEdit

Religious tourism has two main subtypes: pilgrimage, as travel done for religious or spiritual purposes, and the viewing of religious monuments and artefacts, as a kind of sightseeing. The former is relatively insignificant for the Russian tourism industry, amounting for approximately 100 thousands pilgrims yearly.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The latter is more important.Template:Citation needed Orthodox Christianity being the most common religion in Russia, it also accounts for most religious monuments across the country.Template:Citation needed

Multiple pieces of Islamic religious architectural art are scattered across the country, from mosques to maqāms. They are mostly clustered in the historically Muslim regions.Template:Citation needed

Russia has a Buddhist minority.Template:Citation needed

Foreign travel statisticsEdit

In 2013, 27 million international tourists arrived in Russia, generating US$11.2 billion in international tourism revenue for the country.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Failed verification Including domestic and international tourism, the industry directly contributed RUB860 billion to the Russian GDP and supported 966,500 jobs in the country.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

However, only 200,100 foreigners visited Russia in 2022, a drop of 96.1 percent.<ref name="auto1"/> Template:Transcluded section {{#section-h:Visa policy of Russia|Visitor and visa statistics}}

See alsoEdit

NotesEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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Template:Economy of Russia Template:Russia topics Template:Tourism in Asia Template:Tourism in Europe Template:Russian souvenirs Template:World Heritage Sites in Russia

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