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Vineta

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Vineta (sometimes Wineta) is the name of a legendary city at the southern coast of the Baltic Sea. The legend evolved around traditions about the Medieval emporium called Jumne, Jomsborg, Julin or similar names by the chronicles, and with which Vineta is sometimes identified.

LegendEdit

There are several Vineta legends. All of them portray the Vinetans as having an excessive, voluptuous or blasphemous way of life and then being punished in a flood that took the city to the bottom of the Baltic. In some variants of the myth, the city or parts thereof reappear on certain days or can be seen from a boat, making the warning conveyed by the myth more tangible for the audience.

Primary sourcesEdit

  • About 965, Ibrahim ibn Jaqub wrote in Arabic letters about this city. The transcription might be Weltaba, which corresponds to modern Polish "Wełtawa" meaning roughly a place among waves.
  • 1075/80, Adam of Bremen wrote about an emporium on an island in the Oder estuary, east of his Diocese, where Slavs, Barbarians and Greeks were supposed to live and Saxon merchants stayed for trade. Harald Bluetooth had once found refuge there. The oldest preserved manuscript, from the 11th century, has the spelling vimne or {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, and the second oldest manuscript, from around 1200, has {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} and iumne or jumne (there is no distinction between v and u or i and j in the written Latin of that time). More recent copies of the text primarily use Jumne; in an early modern print the name is spelled Julinum and Juminem.<ref name=Schmidt>Schmidt, Roderich: Das historische Pommern. Personen, Orte, Ereignisse (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Pommern, Reihe V, Forschungen Bd. 41), Köln / Weimar 2007, S. 70–72.</ref>
  • Between 1140 and 1159, three vitae of Otto of Bamberg were written using the name Julin for the medieval place located at the site of the later town of Wolin.<ref name=Schmidt/>
  • 1163/1168, Helmold of Bosau copied almost word for word the respective sentences written by Adam of Bremen. The oldest preserved handwriting of Helmolds chronicle (ca. 1300) has the place spelled {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, corrected by the copyist to iuḿta (abbreviation of iumenta or iumneta). Younger copies use Jumneta in the text, yet in the header of the respective chapter all copies use Vinneta.<ref name=Schmidt/>
  • About 1170, the Nordic Knytlinga saga reported a siege of Jomsborg by the Dano-Norwegian king Magnus (1043) and a campaign against that place by the Danish king Valdemar I (1170).<ref name=Schmidt/>
  • About 1190, Saxo Grammaticus reported the same campaign (1170) and Harald Bluetooth's earlier stay there, but called the place Julin[um].<ref name=Schmidt/>

Geographical placeEdit

File:Vinetakarte.jpg
Postulated locations of Vineta

Vineta Reef off Koserow / DamerowEdit

Some variants of the myth have Vineta sunken off Koserow (on the isle of Usedom). The historian Wilhelm Ferdinand Gadebusch from Swinemünde (Świnoujście) made this and other observations the basis for his thesis of Vineta's location. According to Gadebusch, Wolin did not have the deep water port that Vineta must have had, and thus discarded the Wolin thesis (see below). David Chyträus in his 16th century Chronicon Saxoniae had Vineta "beyond the Peene river near the village of Template:Interlanguage link multi" which was a Vorwerk of Koserow. For Chyträus, Usedom was the land of the Vinetans, while Julin on the neighboring island of Wolin was inhabited by Pomoranians. Since no traces of Slavic settlement have been found on northwest Usedom, this thesis is no longer accepted.

RudenEdit

Several maps published between 1633 and 1700 have the sunken "Wineta" east of the island of Ruden northwest of Usedom. About 1700, Template:Interlanguage link multi reported it in the same spot. The origin of this thesis is the All Saints flood of 1306 that reduced Ruden and other small islands from a much larger landmass that prior to the flood had existed between Mönchgut and Usedom.

WolinEdit

Rudolf Virchow said: "Vineta is Wollin!" Based on the primary sources outlined above, Template:Interlanguage link multi in 1931/32 formulated the thesis that Vineta, Jumne, Julin, Jomsborg etc. are all different spellings used for the same place on the site of today's town of Wolin.<ref name=Schmidt/> Beginning in the 1930s, and continued after the annexation of Wolin to Poland after World War II, archaeologists unearthed the remains of a large settlement there. Hofmeister's thesis is the only mainstream thesis regarding the location of Vineta in today's historiography.

BarthEdit

A thesis formulated by Goldmann und Wermusch placed Vineta near Barth, pointing to a possibly different course of the Oder in the Middle Ages and a creative reading of the primary sources outlined above.

In popular cultureEdit

Poems and musicEdit

Plays, festivals and operaEdit

In prose literatureEdit

Template:Cite book </ref>

  • Template:Ill: Das Mädchen aus Vineta. Essay (2000; tells the story of an unsuccessful attempt to deliver Vineta from its curse.)
  • Uwe Tellkamp: Template:Interlanguage link multi. Essay (2004; draws parallels between Dresden and Vineta)
  • Template:Ill: Die Glocken von Vineta. Novel (2007)
  • Toni Glenn: Mappa Ordica, Adventure/Novel (2008)
  • Template:Ill / (Oleg Yuriev): Винета. Novel (2007, Russian) / Die russische Fracht. Novel (2009, German translation)
  • Template:Ill: Vinetas Träume fliegen, Historical fantasy novel, Otto-Johann-Verlag, Lubmin 2009
  • Rolf Kahl: Rauher Wind am Birkhuhnsee, contains a travel to Jumne
  • Template:Ill: Vineta, Literaturverlag Droschl 2013, Template:ISBN

MoviesEdit

TV-seriesEdit

  • Küstenwache (ZDF), 21. Dezember 2011: „Der Fluch von Vineta“.

Board gamesEdit

Video gamesEdit

Place namesEdit

File:Ahlbeck Usedom.JPG
Vinetastraße in Ahlbeck (Usedom)
  • In Berlin there is a Vineta Street (Vinetastraße) and a U-Bahn station.
  • In Berlin there is also a Vineta square (Vinetaplatz) in Wedding, next to Swinemünder Straße and Wolliner Straße.
  • The German Empire's navy had the vessels Vineta (Template:SMS of 1863, Template:SMS of 1897, Template:SMS of 1915, and SMS Möwe, briefly renamed Vineta in 1915)
  • In 1903 a square in the center of Template:Interlanguage link multi, Kiel was named Vinetaplatz after SMS Vineta I.
  • The (West) German navy from 1961 to 1992 had a mine sweeper „Vineta“ (M2652, Ariadne-class) in 3. Minensuchgeschwader.
  • An artwork installation in Template:Interlanguage link multi near Leipzig is called „Vineta.“
  • A rare German Empire stamp is called "Vineta provisional".
  • In Swakopmund, Namibia, there is a neighborhood Vineta.
  • In Heidelberg there is a student fraternity "Vineta" since 1879.
  • In Schleswig-Holstein there is a sports club named TSV Vineta Audorf.
  • In Schleswig Holstein (Busdorf) there is a club called Disco-Vineta.
  • In Europa-Park Rust (Baden), in the themed land 'Scandinavia' there was an attraction 'Sunken city "Vineta"'. It was destroyed in a fire in 2018 and may never be rebuilt.

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

BibliographyEdit

  • Template:Ill: "Vineta," die quellenkritische Lösung eines vielberufenen Problems, in Forschungen und Fortschritte, vol. 8 (1932), pp. 341–343.
  • Carl Friedrich von Rumohr: Über das Verhältnis der seit lange gewöhnlichen Vorstellungen of einer prachtvollen Wineta zu unsrer positiven Kenntniß der Kultur und Kunst der deutschen Ostseeslaven. In: Sammlung für Kunst und Historie. Perthes & Besser, Hamburg, Erster Band Erstes Heft. 1816. Digitalisat der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek
  • Template:Ill: Geheimnis um Vineta. Legende und Wirklichkeit einer versunkenen Stadt. Der Kinderbuchverlag Berlin, 4. Auflage 1969.
  • Ingrid Lange, P. Werner Lange: Vineta, Atlantis des Nordens. Urania-Verlag, Leipzig 1988, Template:ISBN
  • Template:Ill, Template:Interlanguage link multi: Vineta. Die Wiederentdeckung einer versunkenen Stadt. Bergisch Gladbach 1999.
  • Franz Wegener: Neu-Vineta. Die Rassesiedlungspläne der Ariosophen für die Halbinseln Darß und Zingst. KFVR 2010, Template:ISBN
  • Template:Ill, Das Vineta Rätsel. Boddin 2011. Template:ISBN.
  • Albert Burkhardt von Hinstorff, Vineta. Sagen und Märchen vom Ostseestrand

Further readingEdit

External linksEdit

Template:German folklore

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