Wappo
Template:Short description Template:For Template:Main other {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate | bodyclass = vcard
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| image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage |upright=|alt=|image={{#if:|{{{rawimage}}}|A Wappo Woman, from Edward S. Curtis Collection }} }}
| caption2 = A Wappo Woman
from Edward S. Curtis Collection.
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| header1 = {{#if:1770: 1,000–1,650
1850: 188–200
1910: 73
1977: 50<ref name=ethno/>
2000: 250
2010: 291<ref name="2010 census">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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| data2 = 1770: 1,000–1,650
1850: 188–200
1910: 73
1977: 50<ref name=ethno/>
2000: 250
2010: 291<ref name="2010 census">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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{{#if: | (including those of ancestral descent)}}
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| header6 = {{#if:Template:Flag (Clear Lake, Napa Valley, Alexander Valley, Russian River Valley) |Regions with significant populations}} | data7 = Template:Flag (Clear Lake, Napa Valley, Alexander Valley, Russian River Valley) | header8 = | data9 =
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}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox ethnic group with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y | caption | flag |flag_alt | flag_border | flag_caption | flag_upright | footnotes | genealogy | group | image |image_alt | image_caption | image_upright | langs | languages | native_name | native_name_lang | pop | pop_embed | pop1 | pop10 | pop11 | pop12 | pop13 | pop14 | pop15 | pop16 | pop17 | pop18 | pop19 | pop2 | pop20 | pop21 | pop22 | pop23 | pop24 | pop25 | pop26 | pop27 | pop28 | pop29 | pop3 | pop30 | pop31 | pop32 | pop33 | pop34 | pop35 | pop36 | pop37 | pop38 | pop39 | pop4 | pop40 | pop41 | pop42 | pop43 | pop44 | pop45 | pop46 | pop47 | pop48 | pop49 | pop5 | pop50 | pop6 | pop7 | pop8 | pop9 | popplace | population | rawimage | ref1 | ref10 | ref11 | ref12 | ref13 | ref14 | ref15 | ref16 | ref17 | ref18 | ref19 | ref2 | ref20 | ref21 | ref22 | ref23 | ref24 | ref25 | ref26 | ref27 | ref28 | ref29 | ref3 | ref30 | ref31 | ref32 | ref33 | ref34 | ref35 | ref36 | ref37 | ref38 | ref39 | ref4 | ref40 | ref41 | ref42 | ref43 | ref44 | ref45 | ref46 | ref47 | ref48 | ref49 | ref5 | ref50 | ref6 | ref7 | ref8 | ref9 | region1 | region10 | region11 | region12 | region13 | region14 | region15 | region16 | region17 | region18 | region19 | region2 | region20 | region21 | region22 | region23 | region24 | region25 | region26 | region27 | region28 | region29 | region3 | region30 | region31 | region32 | region33 | region34 | region35 | region36 | region37 | region38 | region39 | region4 | region40 | region41 | region42 | region43 | region44 | region45 | region46 | region47 | region48 | region49 | region5 | region50 | region6 | region7 | region8 | region9 | regions | related | related_groups | related-c | religions | rels | tablehdr | total | total_ref | total_source | total_year | total1 | total1_ref | total1_source | total1_year | total2 | total2_ref | total2_source | total2_year | total3 | total3_ref | total3_source | total3_year }}Template:Main other The Wappo (endonym: Micewal<ref name="Loeb">Template:Cite book</ref>) are an Indigenous people of northern California. Their traditional homelands are in Napa Valley, the south shore of Clear Lake, Alexander Valley, and Russian River valley.<ref name=sdsu/> They are distantly related to the Yuki people, from which they seem to have diverged at least 500 years ago.<ref name="Loeb" /> Their language, Wappo, has been influenced by the neighboring Pomo, who use the term A'shochamai or A'shotenchawi (transcribed as Ashochimi by some authors), meaning "northerners", to refer to the Wappo.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
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CultureEdit
Prior to European colonization, the Wappo lived by hunting and gathering, and lived in small groups without centralized political authority, in homes built from branches, leaves and mud. Their woven baskets were so well-crafted that they were able to hold water.
HistoryEdit
When Mexicans arrived to colonize California, Wappo villages existed near the present-day towns of Yountville, St. Helena and Calistoga. Those on the south shore of Clear Lake were completely absorbed and dispersed to the Spanish missions in California. The mission accounted for at least 550 Wappo baptisms.<ref name="Cook, p.174">Cook, p. 174</ref>
The name Wappo is an Americanization of the Spanish term guapo, which means, among other things, "brave." They were known as brave for their stubborn resistance to Mexican domination, particularly their resistance to all military attempts from General Vallejo and his enlisted allies. In 1836 the warring parties signed a peace treaty.<ref name="BGN">1500 California Place Names: Their Origin and Meaning by William Bright. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1998.</ref><ref name=gudde>Template:Cite book</ref>
PopulationEdit
Template:Further Alfred L. Kroeber put the 1770 population of the Wappo at 1,000.<ref>Kroeber, p. 883</ref> Sherburne F. Cook (1976:174) raised this estimate to 1,650.<ref name="Cook, p.174"/>
By the early 1850s, the surviving Wappo were reported to number between 188 and 800.<ref>Cook, pp.239, 351, 357</ref> However population dropped by 1880 to 50, and the 1910 Census returned only 73.<ref>Cook, pp. 239, 351</ref>
LanguageEdit
The Wappo language is an extinct member of the Yukian language family. A Wappo grammar has been written.<ref name=ethno/>
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
SourcesEdit
- Cook, Sherburne F. The Conflict Between the California Indian and White Civilization. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1976. Template:ISBN.
- Kroeber, Alfred L. 1925. Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. Washington, D.C.
External linksEdit
- Robert Louis Stevenson State Park Template:Webarchive
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