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Zakopane

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}}Template:Main other Zakopane (Podhale Goral: Zokopane)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> is a town in the south of Poland, in the southern part of the Podhale region at the foot of the Tatra Mountains.Template:TERYT From 1975 to 1998, it was part of Nowy Sącz Voivodeship; since 1999, it has been part of Lesser Poland Voivodeship. Template:As of its population was 27,266.<ref name="auto1"/> Zakopane is a centre of Goral culture and is often referred to as "the winter capital of Poland". It is a popular destination for mountaineering, skiing, and tourism.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Zakopane lies near Poland's border with Slovakia, in a valley between the Tatra Mountains and Gubałówka Hill. It is connected by rail and road to the provincial capital, Kraków. Zakopane lies Template:Convert above sea level and centres on the intersection of its Krupówki and Kościuszko Streets.

HistoryEdit

File:Zakopane....jpg
A postcard of Zakopane from 1916

The earliest documents mentioning Zakopane date to the 17th century, describing a glade called Zakopisko. In 1676, it was a village of 43 inhabitants. In 1818, Zakopane was a small town that was still being developed. There were only 340 homes that held 445 families. The population of Zakopane at that time was 1,805: 934 women and 871 men.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The first church was built in 1847, by Józef Stolarczyk.<ref name=":0" />

Zakopane became a center for the region's mining and metallurgy industries; by the 19th century, it was the largest center for metallurgy in the region of Galicia. It expanded during the 19th century as the climate attracted more inhabitants. By 1889, it had developed from a small village into a climatic health resort. Rail services to Zakopane began on October 1, 1899. In the late 1800s, Zakopane constructed a road that went to the town of Nowy Targ and had railways that came from Chabówka.<ref name=":0" /> Because of easier transportation, the population of Zakopane had increased to about 3,000 people by the end of the 1800s.<ref name=":0" /> In the 19th century, Krupówki Street was just a narrow beaten path that was meant for people to get from the central part of town to the village of Kuźnice.

The ski jump on Wielka Krokiew was opened in 1925. The cable car to Kasprowy Wierch was completed in 1936. The funicular connected Zakopane and the top of Gubałówka in 1938.

Because of Zakopane's popular ski mountains, the town gained popularity which made the number of tourists increase to about 60,000 people by 1930.<ref name=":0" />

During the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the town was invaded by Germany, and the Einsatzgruppe I entered the town on September 4, 1939, to commit various crimes against Poles.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In March 1940, representatives of the Soviet NKVD and the Nazi Gestapo met for one week in Zakopane's Villa Tadeusz, to coordinate the pacification of resistance in Poland. Throughout World War II, Zakopane served as an underground staging point between Poland and Hungary.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

From 1942 to 1943, 1,000 prisoners from the German Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp were set to work in a stone quarry.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1944, during the Warsaw Uprising, the Germans deported thousands of Varsovians from the Dulag 121 camp in Pruszków, where they were initially imprisoned, to Zakopane.<ref name=dul>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Those Poles were mainly old people, ill people and women with children.<ref name=dul/> In mid-October 1944, there were 3,800 registered Poles, who were expelled from Warsaw, and probably another 3,800 unregistered expellees.<ref name=dul/> In January 1945, the Germans retreated from Zakopane and the German occupation ended.

Immediately after the war, a children's Home for Holocaust Survivors was established in Zakopane.<ref>The Children's Home in Zakopane, Poland: Lena Küchler's Children, Yad Vashem website</ref>

ClimateEdit

Zakopane has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfb),<ref name="kottek2006">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Peel">Template:Cite journal</ref> with the main factor behind its relative coldness compared to the rest of Poland is its altitude. In general, the temperature tends to fall with altitude, therefore Zakopane is almost Template:Convert colder than northern Kraków, which is more than Template:Convert lower than Zakopane. With higher altitudes, the climate gets even colder, therefore, on the top of Kasprowy Wierch (Template:Convert above sea level), the climate is tundra-like (Köppen: ET). The tree line is located at about Template:Cvt above sea level in the Tatra Mountains.

Winters are typically frosty but are relatively sunny for Poland - in fact, Zakopane receives among the most sun in winter in the country.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Snow is normally abundant, particularly in the higher altitudes, which makes Zakopane among the most popular ski resorts in Poland. Summers are cool to warm but rarely get hot.

The defining feature of the local climate is the location on the northern slope of the Tatra mountains. Zakopane receives significantly more precipitation than cities on the lowlands to the north of the Carpathians, and just like in the mountains in general, there might be sudden weather changes from sunny to rainy, and vice versa. Occasionally, a very warm foehn wind locally known as halny may dramatically increase the temperatures, sometimes beyond Template:Convert in winter.

Extreme temperatures range from Template:Convert on February 1, 1956 up to Template:Convert on August 8, 2013;<ref name=date201308>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=date195602>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the record cold daily maximum is Template:Convert, set on February 1, 1956,<ref name=date195602/><ref name=lowestdays>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is Template:Convert on August 29, 1992.<ref name=highestnights>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=date199208>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Weather box Template:Weather box

Template:Graph:Weather monthly history

ArchitectureEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

File:Koliba002.JPG
Museum of Zakopane Style at Villa Koliba - interior

The Zakopane Style of Architecture is an architectural mode inspired by the regional art of Poland's highland region known as Podhale.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Drawing on the motifs and traditions in the buildings of the Carpathian Mountains, the style was pioneered by Stanisław Witkiewicz and is now considered a core tradition of the Goral people.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The most prominent examples of the style are:

  • Villa Koliba - built in 1892–93 by Stanisław Witkiewicz
  • Villa Oksza - built in 1894–95 by Stanisław Witkiewicz
  • Villa Pod Jedlami - built in 1897 by Stanisław Witkiewicz
  • Chapel in Jaszczurówka - built in 1904–07 by Stanisław Witkiewicz
  • Tatra Museum - built in 1913–24 by Stanisław Witkiewicz
  • Grand Hotel Stamary - built in 1903-05 by Eugeniusz Wesołowski

Other important sights in Zakopane include:

  • Willa drewn. „Koliba”, Zakopane, A-1125 M 01.jpg

    Museum of Zakopane Style at Villa Koliba

  • Willa „Oksza”, Zakopane, A-68 M 02.jpg

    Villa Oksza art gallery

  • Willa pod Jedlami w Zakopanem.jpg

    Pod Jedlami villa

  • Muzeum Karola Szymanowskiego w willi Atma w Zakopanem, fot. K. Schubert MIK 2019 (49140610748).jpg

    Karol Szymanowski Museum at the Villa Atma

  • Kaplica w Jaszczurówce.jpg

    Chapel at Jaszczurówka

  • Muzeum Tatrzańskie”, Zakopane, A-1130 M 05.jpg

    The Tatra Museum in Zakopane

  • Zakopane, Grand Hotel Stamary - panoramio.jpg

    Grand Hotel Stamary

  • Zakopane kosciol Swietej Rodziny dron (1).jpg

    Romanesque Revival Church of the Holy Family

  • Zakopane - Cmentarz Na Pęksowym Brzyzku 01 fot. Hanna Ozimek.JPG

    Old Cemetery in Pęksowy Brzyzek with the Church of Our Lady of Częstochowa in the background

CultureEdit

Since the end of the 19th century Zakopane was an important place for many artists, who frequently visited, worked or lived here, especially during the Young Poland period.

Today the city hosts many museums and galleries:

SportsEdit

The Tatras are a popular destination among hikers, skiers, ski-tourers and climbers.

MountaineeringEdit

File:Kościelec view 2.jpg
The High Tatras offer excellent opportunities for climbing. Świnica, here as seen from Kościelec, is the highest peak within the city limits, at Template:Convert.

There is a network of well-marked hiking trails in the Tatras and according to the national park regulations the hikers must stick to them. Most of these trails are overcrowded, especially in the summer season.

The High Tatras offer excellent opportunities for climbing (up to X UIAA grade).

In summer, lightning and snow are both potential hazards for climbers, and the weather can change quickly. Thunderstorms are common in the afternoons. In winter the snow can be up to several meters deep.

SkiingEdit

In the winter, thousands arrive in Zakopane to ski, especially around Christmas and in February. The most popular skiing areas are Kasprowy Wierch and Gubałówka.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> There are a number of cross country skiing trails in the forests surrounding the town.

Zakopane hosted the Nordic World Ski Championships in 1929, 1939, and 1962; the winter Universiades in 1956, 1993, and 2001; the biathlon World Championship; several ski jumping world cups; and several Nordic combined, Nordic and Alpine European Cups. It hosted the second Alpine World Ski Championships in 1939, the first outside the Alps and the last official world championships prior to World War II.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Zakopane made unsuccessful bids to host the 2006 Winter Olympics and the 2011 and 2013 Alpine World Ski Championships.

FootballEdit

In Zakopane, there are two football clubs – one of them is KS Zakopane, which was established in 2007 as a result of the merger of ZKP Zakopane and Jutrzenka Zakopane. It currently competes in the B-class league, in the Podhale II group. Its matches are played at the facility located at Orkana Street 6.

In the 2015/2016 season, the Football Club Zakopane was reactivated. After a successful 2015/16 season, in which the ZKP players managed to secure a promotion-eligible spot in the Podhale C-class, they are now playing in the Podhale B-class league.

TourismEdit

File:Zakopane kolej na Gubalowke 3.jpg
Gubałówka Hill funicular
File:02638Zakopane.JPG
Krupówki Street

Zakopane is visited by over 2,500,000 tourists a year.Template:Citation needed In the winter, Zakopane's tourists are interested in winter sports activities such as skiing, snowboarding, ski jumping, snowmobiling, sleigh rides, snowshoe walks, and Ice skating.<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> During the summer, Tourists come to do activities like hiking, climbing, bike and horse ride the Tatras mountain, there are many trails in the Tatras.<ref name=":1" /> Tourists ride quads and dirt bikes that you can rent. Swimming and boat rides on the Dunajec river are popular.<ref name=":1" /> Many come to experience Goral culture, which is rich in its unique styles of food, speech, architecture, music, and costume. Zakopane is especially popular during the winter holidays, which are celebrated in traditional style, with dances, decorated horse-pulled sleighs called kuligs and roast lamb.

A popular tourist activity is taking a stroll along the town's most popular street: Krupówki. It is lined with stores, restaurants, carnival rides, and performers.

During the winter and summer seasons, Krupówki Street is crowded with tourists visiting the shops and restaurants.<ref name=":1" /> In the summer, a local market along Krupówki Street offers traditional Goral apparel, leather jackets, fur coats, shoes, and purses.<ref name=":1" /> Venders also sell foods like the famous oscypek smoked sheep cheese, fruit, vegetables, and meats. There are also many stands with Zakopane souvenirs.<ref name=":1" />

Zakopane is popular for its nightlife. At night there are always people walking around town checking out the different bars and dance clubs. Most of these bars and dance clubs are located on Krupowki street.[1]

Other activities include also Zakopane's Thermal Baths - a modern aquapark with outside swimming pools with thermal water.

A scene in Andrzej Wajda's film Man of Marble (Człowiek z marmuru) was filmed in Zakopane, introducing the town to a worldwide audience.

The mountain scenes from the Bollywood film Fanaa were filmed around Zakopane.

International relationsEdit

Template:See also Zakopane participates in town twinning to foster international links.

Notable structuresEdit

Notable residentsEdit

File:MalczewskiJacek.1897.PortretStanislawaWitkiewicza.jpg
Stanisław Witkiewicz
File:Karol Szymanowski.jpg
Karol Szymanowski
File:Kamil Stoch Atlas.jpg
Kamil Stoch

Template:See also

SportEdit

Notable visitorsEdit

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GalleryEdit

  • 2018-07-03 Zakopane from air 05.jpg

    Aerial view of Zakopane

  • Zakopane at night.jpg

    Zakopane at night

  • Zakopane - skiing (28).JPG

    Zakopane - view from Gubałówka Hill (Tatra mountains in the background)

  • Wielka Krokiew 2012.jpg

    Wielka Krokiew ski jumping hill

  • Zakopane - skiing (35).JPG

    Zakopane - Gubałówka Hill ski run

  • Zakopane - skiing (14).JPG

    Zakopane - Gubałówka Hill: a nursery ski run

  • Kolejka linowa Polana Szymoszkowa T58.jpg

    Polana Szymoszkowa ski lift

  • Katyn Memorial at Zakopane.JPG

    Katyń Memorial in Peksów Brzyzek Cemetery

  • The contemplative Christ of Zakopane.JPG

    Traditional wooden shrine

  • Zakopane Jan 2014 017.JPG

    Traditional oscypek cheese

  • Zakopane Poland 1938.jpg

    Zakopane, mountain massif Giewont (1938)

  • Rydz.JPG

    Old Church in Zakopane, oil painting by Edward Rydz-Śmigły.

See alsoEdit

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NotesEdit

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BibliographyEdit

  • Stanisław Kasztelowicz and Stanisław Eile, Stefan Żeromski: kalendarz życia i twórczości (Stefan Żeromski: A Calendar of His Life and Work), Kraków, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1961.
  • Zdzisław Najder, Joseph Conrad: A Life, translated by Halina Najder, Rochester, New York, Camden House, 2007, Template:ISBN.
  • Krystyna Tokarzówna and Stanisław Fita, Bolesław Prus, 1847–1912: Kalendarz życia i twórczości (Bolesław Prus, 1847–1912: A Calendar of His Life and Work), edited by Zygmunt Szweykowski, Warsaw, Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1969.

External linksEdit

Template:Wikivoyage Template:Sister project

Template:Tatra County

Template:Authority control

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