1176

The Rum Turks ambush the Byzantines at the pass of Myriokephalon (1880).

Year 1176 (MCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1176th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 176th year of the 2nd millennium, the 76th year of 12th century, and the 7th year of the 1170s decade.

EventsEdit

Summer – Emperor Manuel I (Komnenos) assembles a Byzantine expeditionary force, and marches towards Iconium, the Seljuk capital. Meanwhile, hordes of Seljuk Turks destroy crops and poison water supplies, to make Manuel's march more difficult, and harass the Byzantine army, in order to force it into the Meander Valley. Kilij Arslan II, ruler of the Sultanate of Rum, hears of the expedition, and sends envoys to ask for peace.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 336. Template:ISBN.</ref>
September 17 – Battle of Myriokephalon: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine forces led by Manuel I, who are ambushed when moving through a narrow mountain pass near Lake Beyşehir. The Byzantines are dispersed and surrounded. They suffer heavy casualties and their siege equipment is destroyed. Manuel flees in panic and is forced to sign a peace treaty with Kilij Arslan II.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 337. Template:ISBN.</ref>

May 29 – Battle of Legnano: The Imperial army (some 5,500 men) led by Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) is defeated by forces of the Lombard League, leading to the pactum Anagnium (the Agreement of Anagni).

Spring – Assize of Northampton: King Henry II establishes the rules for the administration of criminal justice that he has set out in 1166 at Clarendon.
Winter – An international bardic festival at Cardigan Castle in Wales. The first recorded eisteddfod.

Al-Adil I, Ayyubid governor of Egypt, suppresses a revolt by the Christian Copts in the city of Qift, hanging nearly 3,000 of them on the trees near the city.

Spring – Saladin defeats the Zangid forces before Damascus and marries Nur al-Din's widow Asimat. On June 24 he accepts a truce and is recognized as the sovereign over Syria.<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 333–334. Template:ISBN.</ref>
Summer – Saladin ends his siege of the Ismaili ("Assassins") fortress of Masyaf, which is commanded by Rashid al-Din Sinan.
Autumn – William of Montferrat (Longsword) marries the 16-year-old Princess Sibylla, sister of King Baldwin IV (the Leper).<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 335. Template:ISBN.</ref>
Raynald of Châtillon is released and ransomed from prison in Aleppo, together with Joscelin III, the titular count of Edessa.

Autumn – Frederick I makes peace with Pope Alexander III and recognizes his legitimacy as pope of the Catholic Church.<ref>Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 127. Template:ISBN.</ref>
Sens Cathedral in Burgundy installs an horologe, presumed to be an early form of clock.
The Carthusians are approved as a religious order.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

April 18 – Galdino della Sala, Italian archbishop (b. 1096)
April 20 – Richard de Clare, English nobleman (b. 1130)
May 8 – David FitzGerald, bishop of St. Davids (b. 1106)
May 13 – Matthias I, duke of Lorraine (b. 1119)
July 20 – Yoshika, Japanese empress (b. 1141)
August 23 – Rokujō, emperor of Japan (b. 1164)
September 1 – Maurice FitzGerald, English nobleman
September 17
- Baldwin of Antioch, French nobleman
- John Kantakouzenos, Byzantine general
October 12 – William d'Aubigny, English politician (b. 1109)
Ahmad ibn Muhammad Sajawandi, Persian chronicler
Chekawa Yeshe Dorje, Tibetan Buddhist monk (b. 1102)
Constance of France, French princess (approximate date)
Fujiwara no Teishi, Japanese noblewoman (b. 1131)
Jaksa Gryfita, Polish nobleman and knight (b. 1120)
John Doukas (Komnenos), Byzantine governor (b. 1128)
Klængur Þorsteinsson, bishop of Skálholt (b. 1102)
Margrethe of Roskilde, Danish noblewoman and saint
Michael Aspietes, Byzantine nobleman and general
Rosamund Clifford (the Fair), mistress of Henry II
Sancha Ponce de Cabrera, Spanish noblewoman
Volodar Glebovich, prince of Minsk (approximate date)