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1805 in Canada

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Template:Short description Template:Year in Canada Template:History of Canada Events from the year 1805 in Canada.

IncumbentsEdit

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Federal governmentEdit

GovernorsEdit

EventsEdit

BirthsEdit

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Full date unknownEdit

DeathsEdit

Historical documentsEdit

Settler writes to Scottish Highlands friends "I never knew what actual freedom or the spirit of equality was till I came to Canada"<ref>"Appendix T," Observations on the Present State of the Highlands of Scotland, with a View of the Causes and Probable Consequences of Emigration (1805), pg. li (frame 298), University of Alberta Libraries. Accessed 18 July 2024</ref>

"This country derives little credit from the young men it sends abroad into the world;" Why?: "too little restraint in the bringing up"<ref>"We hear that by a late order[....]," The Quebec Mercury (November 4, 1805), pg. 350 (centre column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 4 July 2024</ref>

Canadian Regiment of Fencible Infantry is recruiting in Lower and Upper Canada for service "in America and not elsewhere;" enlistment bounty: £5 -/6<ref>"Attention," The Quebec Gazette, July 18, 1805, Cahier 1 pg. 3, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 8 July 2024</ref>

U.S. Secretary of State James Madison purchases George Heriot's The History of Canada from its first discovery<ref>Abstract of letter to James Madison (April 23, 1805), U.S. National Archives. Accessed 15 July 2024</ref>

Lower CanadaEdit

Call for road to be built from Quebec City through "New Settlements" to U.S.A., which will allow more trade and encourage population growth<ref>"To the Public" (December 27, 1805), The Quebec Mercury (December 30, 1805), pg. 415, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 4 July 2024</ref>

"Vendor or Lendor" has preference over any other creditor when they provide grain (seed or "bread") or potatoes to grower suffering poor harvest<ref>An Act for the Relief of the Poor in the loan of Seed Wheat, Corn and other necessary Grain (March 25, 1805), British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 24 June 2024</ref>

Ceremonial presentation of colours to Quebec City militia battalion is "grand and impressive beyond any thing usually witnessed in this country"<ref>"Quebec, 6th June, 1805," The Quebec Gazette, June 6, 1805, Cahier 1 pg. 2, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 5 July 2024</ref>

Montreal merchants call for laws to raise water level in Lachine Rapids, regulate pilots there and stop theft of lumber when rafts are wrecked<ref>"A Petition of sundry Merchants(....)" (January 23, 1805), Journals of the House of Assembly, Lower-Canada[...]1805, pgs. 94, 96, l'Assemblée nationale du Québec, Bibliothèque, Québec. Accessed 3 July 2024</ref>

No sale of goods or alcoholic drinks on Sundays, except that latter can be sold to sick people and to travellers at meals<ref>An Act to prohibit the sale of Goods, Wares and Merchandise, Wine, Spirits and other Strong Liquors, on Sundays (March 25, 1805), British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 24 June 2024</ref>

Post office calls for proposals to carry mail between Montreal and Burlington, Vt. on 100-mile route; £100 security required from contractor<ref>"Wanted," The Quebec Gazette, August 15, 1805, Cahier 1 pg. 3, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 8 July 2024</ref>

Editorial describes "folly [and] depravity" of young criminals, especially where "the soil [and] far extended commerce" offer so much opportunity<ref>"Quebec, 28 September," The Quebec Mercury (September 28, 1805), pg. 310, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 4 July 2024</ref>

Orchardists in Parish of Montreal must tie cloth around trunk of each apple tree and cover it with tar to stop spread of inchworms<ref>An Act for the preservation of Apple Trees in the Parish of Montreal (March 25, 1805), British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. (See also petition of orchardists leading to this legislation) Accessed 24 June 2024</ref>

Surveyor will teach branches of mathematics as applied to mensuration, gauging, navigation, gunnery, fortification, architecture, surveying etc.<ref>"Pro Bono Publico" (October 26, 1805), The Quebec Mercury (October 28, 1805), pg. 344, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 4 July 2024</ref>

Dr. S. Solomon's Guide to Health offers remedies for diseases under several headings, including Dancing, Heavy suppers, Timidity, and Virgins<ref>"Curious and Interesting," The Quebec Mercury (September 28, 1805), pg. 312, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 4 July 2024</ref>

Quebec City theatre to be built for "several Young Men [who] possess strong Theatrical qualifications, particularly in the comic cast of Characters"<ref>"Canadian Theatre" (March 21, 1805), The Quebec Gazette, March 21, 1805, Cahier 2 pg. 1, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 5 July 2024</ref>

Opera by "Mr. Quesnel of Boucherville[...]is perhaps the first piece of the kind that has been written and performed in this province"<ref>"Theatre," The Quebec Gazette, January 31, 1805, Cahier 1 pg. 4, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 5 July 2024</ref>

New "Bottled Beer Business" will sell 3 kinds (brewed in St. Roch) ranging in price from 8/6 to 10/6 per dozen, with 3/- paid when bottles returned<ref>"The subscriber intending to commence[....]" (April 11, 1805), The Quebec Gazette, April 11, 1805, Cahier 1 pg. 4, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 5 July 2024</ref>

Benjamin Rush reluctantly allows his daughter to marry British army officer she met while visiting her married sister in Montreal<ref>Letter to John Adams from Benjamin Rush (February 19, 1805), U.S. National Archives. Accessed 15 July 2024</ref>

Upper CanadaEdit

Profile of U.C. includes produce, trade, York and various townships, towns and waterways<ref>D'Arcy Boulton, Sketch of His Majesty's Province of Upper Canada (1805), pgs. (ix)–xi Accessed 24 June 2024</ref>

"Indenture" of original 1787 Toronto Purchase agreement transferring Mississaugas' land to government has borders not corrected until 2010 settlement<ref>"The Toronto Purchase" frame 18, Toronto Public Library. (See also "Proceedings of a meeting with the Mississagues" (frame 327) before 1805 indenture signed) Accessed 27 June 2024</ref>

After watching "old drunken Indian and his squaw" be refused liquor, visitor hears "greatest part" of Indigenous people's presents is traded for liquor<ref>"12th Month. 3d," Robert Sutcliffe's journal, quoted in Records of Niagara; In the Days of Commodore Grant and Lieutenant-Governor Gore; 1805–1811 (1931), frame 17, Niagara Historical Society. Accessed 12 July 2024</ref>

Creditor is to maintain their jailed debtor at 5 shillings per week if such debtor swears they are not worth £5<ref>An Act for the Relief of Insolvent Debtors (March 2, 1805), British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 24 June 2024</ref>

Methodist women ensure conversion at Hay Bay, Upper Canada revival meeting<ref>(Sunday 29 September 1805) The Journals & Notebook of Nathan Bangs 1805-1806, 1817, York University Library. Accessed 18 July 2024</ref>

"The authority, the love of a husband even out does that of a parent" - immigrant visits parents on Long Island, N.Y., but feels pull to return home<ref>Ann Smith Macdonell, Diary of a journey from Etobicoke to Long Island, and part of the return 30 May - 25 Nov. 1805 frame 66, Toronto Public Library. (See also map of Toronto purchase with Etobicoke Creek in SW corner) Accessed 26 June 2024</ref>

"This heroine" - Pitcairn Township (near York) woman chases bear that had carried off neighbour's sow into forest and shoots it through head<ref>"York:--August 10," The Quebec Mercury (October 7, 1805), pg. 319, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 4 July 2024</ref>

English traveller finds Niagara Falls' roar and mist make them seem closer than they are, and learns constant earth tremor shakes window glass<ref>"11th Month. 30th," Robert Sutcliffe's journal, quoted in Records of Niagara; In the Days of Commodore Grant and Lieutenant-Governor Gore; 1805–1811 (1931), frame 15, Niagara Historical Society. Accessed 12 July 2024</ref>

"Aspect terrible" - Perhaps 150-foot snake chases rowboat crossing Lake Ontario from Kingston<ref>"From the Rutland [Vermont] Herald; Extraordinary Snake in Lake Ontario; Extract of a letter[....]" (June 30, 1805), The Quebec Mercury (October 28, 1805), pg. (337), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. (See also disbelieving comment on sighting (pg. 366, 1st column)) Accessed 4 July 2024</ref>

Nova ScotiaEdit

Fishery revival to come following order to West Indian governors to largely close ports to U.S. imports and charge them same duty "these colonies" pay<ref>"Papers relating to the West India trade with the Continent of North America; Paragraph inserted in the Nova Scotia Royal Gazette Jany. 3," The Quebec Gazette, February 28, 1805, Cahier 1 pg. 1, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. (See also James Madison's opinion that restraining prosperous West Indies "to foster unproductive" North American provinces is bad idea, and petition to Jamaica House of Assembly referring to "perpetual sterility" of N.S. and New Brunswick and trade with Canada "shut up[...]for more than half the year") Accessed 5 July 2024</ref>

With Nova Scotia–U.S.A. trade ended (except in case of grain crop failure), N.S. feels Lower Canada should remove extra duty L.C. puts on trade<ref>"Halifax, February 23," The Quebec Gazette, April 18, 1805, Cahier 2 pg. 1, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 5 July 2024</ref>

During war, £90 will not buy what £50 could pre-war and 5% income tax and 10% depreciation in "Government Bills" depress wealth<ref>Journal of Rev. John Wiswall letter (November 9, 1805), frame 139, Acadia University. Accessed 2 July 2024</ref>

Signs of "poverty & distress among the people when we See So many of [them] go off and leave their Creditors without making any provision to pay them"<ref>"Thursday, Sep. 26th (1805)" The Diary of Simeon Perkins; 1804-1812 (1978), pg. 146. Accessed 28 June 2024</ref>

Units of Royal Newfoundland Regiment, "a very fine body of" about 550 men, arrive in Halifax<ref>"Halifax, July 2," The Quebec Gazette, July 18, 1805, Cahier 1 pg. 2, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 8 July 2024</ref>

Captain of ship out of N.S. tells of being captured by French fleet in West Indies and avoiding burning by claiming to be U.S. ship<ref>"(The following full confirmation[....]," The Quebec Gazette, August 15, 1805, Cahier 1 pg. 2, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 8 July 2024</ref>

With aid of British consul in Boston, Salem, Massachusetts party successfully gets release in Halifax of fishermen impressed on board frigate<ref>"Salem August 6," The Quebec Gazette (from Salem Gazette), August 22, 1805, Cahier 1 pg. 4, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. (See also "Philadelphia, August 9" (pg. 2) and "New York, September 4" (pg. 2) regarding ongoing impressment generally, and also British admiral's accusation (pg. 2) that U.S. captains collude with Spanish against British trade and navy) Accessed 8 July 2024</ref>

People lacking Episcopalian schoolhouse or church are open to "stro[l]ling fanatical teachers" turning them against established church and government<ref>Journal of Rev. John Wiswall letter (November 9, 1805), frame 138, Acadia University. Accessed 28 June 2024</ref>

Privateer out of Liverpool "has about 30 Negroes and to the value of about £3,000" and will "dispose" of them as soon as possible<ref>"Friday, Aug. 9th (1805)" The Diary of Simeon Perkins; 1804-1812 (1978), pg. 132. (See also mention of Black people being left with someone on St. Kitts (pg. 135)) Accessed 28 June 2024</ref>

Liverpool has "rumpus" over feared press by warship; 3 Black men go into hiding and officer struck with cutlass before misunderstanding is cleared up<ref>"Saturday, June 29th (and June 30th, 1805)" The Diary of Simeon Perkins; 1804-1812 (1978), pg. 123. (See also complaints of Shelburne residents against impressment) Accessed 28 June 2024</ref>

Ice damages flume at Simeon Perkins' sawmill, halting production which had yielded him $4/day and possibly preventing loading of brig for Newfoundland<ref>"Thursday, Feby. 14th (1805)" The Diary of Simeon Perkins; 1804-1812 (1978), pg. 93. (See also progress of repairs on following pages, and also estimate (pg. 131) of £100 lost all told for flume repair and replacement) Accessed 27 June 2024</ref>

As ship departs, Perkins is less sad seeing his son leave than watching another man say goodbye to his son who will go seafaring and rarely come home<ref>"Monday, May 6th (1805)" The Diary of Simeon Perkins; 1804-1812 (1978), pg. 110. Accessed 27 June 2024</ref>

New BrunswickEdit

N.B.'s resources listed; loyal population ignored by government but not privateers, and quit-rents "in this moment of their depression" are ruinous<ref>"An Old Planter," Observations on a Memorial Delivered(...)by a Committee of the Assembly of Jamaica(....) (June 26, 1805), University of New Brunswick Library. Accessed 3 July 2024</ref>

Edward Winslow says "broken" Council president will not be recalling General Assembly, affecting trade and causing "gloom sulkiness + despondency"<ref>Letter of Edward Winslow (November 1805), University of New Brunswick Library. (See also comment (pg. 3) that Council president "retired" and Council run by committee headed by "M of J") Accessed 3 July 2024</ref>

Grammar school is to be set up in Saint John plus two schools in each county, rotating schools to different parish each year<ref>An Act for encouraging and extending Literature in this Province (March 5, 1805), British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 24 June 2024</ref>

Hudson's Bay CompanyEdit

In letter to Moose Factory, Fort Albany chief calls "Canadians[...]indefatigable to push on in the (HBC's) territories"<ref>Letter of John Hodgson (September 21, 1805), "26 [September 1805]," Moose Factory - Post Journal; 1805-1806 frame 7, Archives of Manitoba. (See also later entry (October 10, frame 9) with comment that Canadians will intercept trade with "more force both with respect to numbers + experienced hands") Accessed 17 July 2024</ref>

Letter from Moose Factory to Fort Albany reports threats and abuse by Canadians against HBC employee "Quatchimay" and his wife and women fishing<ref>Letter of John Thomas (October 24, 1805), "1805; October 24," Moose Factory - Post Journal; 1805-1806 frame 11, Archives of Manitoba. (See also Fort Albany chief's reply (frame 13, righthand page) that abusers "put themselves out of the protection of the Law") Accessed 17 July 2024</ref>

Painting: "East View of Moose Factory"<ref>William Richards, "East View of Moose Factory" ("between 1804 and 1811"), Archives of Manitoba. Accessed 17 July 2024</ref>

Fort Albany replies to Moose Factory request for help that its trade (much larger at "20,000" as opposed to "7000") requires every man it can get<ref>Letter of John Thomas (1805), "1805; November; 14," Moose Factory - Post Journal; 1805-1806 frame 13, Archives of Manitoba. (See also Moose Factory comment (frame 14) that men were requested because Canadians ("15 stout hands") outnumber them, and later tells Albany how disappointed they are (frame 17)) Accessed 17 July 2024</ref>

Painting: "A South East View of Albany Factory: A Winter View"<ref>William Richards, "A South East View of Albany Factory: A Winter View" ("between 1804 and 1811"), Archives of Manitoba. Accessed 17 July 2024</ref>

Jobs that are done at Churchill for its success and survival; it has poor location and shaky construction from use of Prince of Wales Fort ruins<ref>"28th [August 1805]," Fort Churchill - Post Journal; 1805-1806 frames 4–7, Archives of Manitoba. Accessed 17 July 2024</ref>

Six-day sea voyage in bateau from Churchill toward York Factory and back with load of liquor<ref>"11th–17th [September 1805]," Fort Churchill - Post Journal; 1805-1806 frames 8–10, Archives of Manitoba. Accessed 17 July 2024</ref>

Northwest Company trader going to Cross Lake with Indigenous people reverses travel-direction marks they leave for traders at "English House"<ref>"Tuesday 24 [September 1805]," Journal for 1805 & 6; Cross Lake images 8–9, University of Saskatchewan Libraries. Accessed 12 July 2024</ref>

Western interiorEdit

Chipewyans hold on to their religion (called "a state of the darkest superstition and ignorance") and believe they are superior to whites in knowledge<ref>John MacDonell, "Theology" Description of Lake Athabasca and the Chipweans, ca. 1805[....] Accessed 15 July 2024</ref>

"It is customary[...]to have a fair Partner" - Fur trader decides to take teenage mixed-race girl as his country wife<ref>Daniel Harmon, "October 10, (1805)" A Journal of Voyages and Travels in the Interior of North America, pg. 98. Accessed 1 September 2024</ref>

"How dreadfully afflicting my situation" - Disabled man is lost for 40 days on Manitoba prairies<ref>John Pritchard, "First Letter" (December 20, 1805), Glimpses of the Past in the Red River Settlement; From Letters of Mr. John Pritchard; 1805–1836 (1892), pgs. 5–15, University of Alberta Libraries. Accessed 18 July 2024</ref>

Northwest coastEdit

U.S. claim to North America's northwest coast defied by Russian traders as near as Haida Gwaii and likely to try to usurp even Spanish-claimed lands<ref>"North West Coast of America," The Quebec Gazette, September 19, 1805, Cahier 1 pg. 6, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 10 July 2024</ref>

John Jewitt rescued from two years of slavery in Nootka Sound by brig captain out of Boston holding Chief Maquinna hostage<ref>"19 [July 1805]," Journal, Kept at Nootka Sound, by John R. Jewitt (1807), pgs. 46–8 (frames 52–4), UBC Library. Accessed 12 July 2024</ref>

"Natives came out of their houses with lighted sticks, beating upon a plank[...]and singing to the moon" - Indigenous people observe lunar eclipse<ref>"16 [January 1805]," Journal, Kept at Nootka Sound, by John R. Jewitt (1807), pg. 37 (frame 43), UBC Library. Accessed 12 July 2024</ref>

ElsewhereEdit

"To make the Island more generally known" - Brief profile of Prince Edward Island<ref> A Description of Prince Edward Island(...)and a Few Cursory Observations Respecting the Climate, Natural Productions, and Advantages of Its Situation in Regard to Agriculture and Commerce(....) (1805). Accessed 24 June 2024</ref>

Louisiana governor suggests putting military posts on Wisconsin and Missouri rivers to control importation from Montreal and Assiniboine River<ref>Letter to James Madison (July 28, 1805), U.S. National Archives. (See also Gov. Wilkinson's concern that traders from Canada might sway Missiouri River people against U.S.A.) Accessed 15 July 2024</ref>

Map: Louisiana, including adjacent British and Spanish territory<ref>"Louisiana" (1805), Library of Congress. Accessed 17 July 2024</ref>

Fire destroys most of Detroit, "seat of government of the Michigan Territory, [with] upwards of 300 houses, built of wood, in a compact manner"<ref>"Albany July 8," The Quebec Gazette, July 25, 1805, Cahier 1 pg. 2, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 8 July 2024</ref>

Moravian missionaries in Labrador claim Jesus has melted "the hard hearts of the Esquimaux, harder by nature than the rocks they inhabit"<ref>Letter from Nain (August 31, 1805), 1801-1805, vol. 03: Periodical accounts relating to the missions of the Church of the United Brethren established among the heathen, pg. 451 (frame 481 of 562), Memorial University of Newfoundland. Accessed 12 July 2024</ref>

Mention of "the lamented death of our illustrious Hero, Lord Nelson"<ref>"Preface to the Fourteenth Volume" The Naval Chronicle for 1805[...]; Volume the Fourteenth (From July to December), pgs. [v]–xi, University of Michigan. Accessed 18 July 2024</ref>

ReferencesEdit

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