Voiceless retroflex plosive

The voiceless retroflex plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. This consonant is found as a phoneme mostly (though not exclusively) in two areas: South Asia and Australia.

Transcription

The symbol that represents this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is Template:Angbr IPA. Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of "t" (the letter used for the equivalent alveolar consonant). In many fonts lowercase "t" already has a rightward-pointing hook, but Template:Angbr IPA is distinguished from Template:Angbr IPA by extending the hook below the baseline.

Features

Features of the voiceless retroflex stop:

• Its place of articulation is retroflex, which prototypically means it is articulated subapical (with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue contact can be apical (pointed) or Template:Citation needed span.

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Translation	Notes
Bengali<ref name="mazumdar">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'taka'	Apical postalveolar;<ref name="mazumdar"/> contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Bengali phonology
Brahui		سىٹ	main}}	'one'
English	Indian dialects	lang}}	main}}	'time'	Corresponds to alveolar {{#invoke:IPA|main}} in other dialects. See English phonology
Gujarati<ref name="khatiwada">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'potato'	Subapical;<ref name="khatiwada" /> contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Gujarati phonology
Hindustani<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref name="tiwari">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	Hindi	lang}}	{{#invoke:IPA|main}}	'hat'	Apical postalveolar
	Urdu	lang}}
Hmong		Template:Script / raus	main}}	'immerse in liquid'	Contrasts with aspirated form (written Template:Angbr).
Iwaidja		lang}}	main}}	'taipan'
Javanese		lang}}	main}}	'cadaver'
Kannada		lang}}	main}}	'to tap'	Contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms
Lo-Toga<ref>François (2009:189); François (2016:35).</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'we (incl.)'	Laminal retroflex.
Malayalam		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'wild'	Contrasts /t̪ t ʈ d̪ ɖ/.
Marathi<ref name="khatiwada"/>		lang}}	main}}	'potato'	Subapical;<ref name="khatiwada"/> contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Marathi phonology
Mutsun		lang}}	main}}	'torn'
Nepali		lang}}	main}}	'team'	Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Nepali phonology
Norwegian		lang}}	main}}	'card'	See Norwegian phonology
Nunggubuyu<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'prawn'
Odia		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'crepe jasmine'	Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms.
Pashto		lang}}	main}}	'all'
Punjabi	Gurmukhi	lang}}	{{#invoke:IPA|main}}	'hat'
	Shahmukhi	lang}}
Scottish Gaelic	Some Hebridean dialects<ref>Bauer, Michael. Blas na Gàidhlig: The Practical Guide to Gaelic Pronunciation. Glasgow: Akerbeltz, 2011.</ref>	lang}}	main}}	'high'	Corresponds to the sequence {{#invoke:IPA|main}} in other dialects. See Scottish Gaelic phonology
Sicilian		lang}}	main}}	'thief'
Swedish<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'map'	See Swedish phonology
Sylheti		lang}}	[ʈulli]	'skull'	contains tonal pronunciation.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> See Sylheti phonology
Tamil<ref name="khatiwada"/><ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'eight'	Subapical.<ref name="khatiwada"/> See Tamil phonology
Telugu		lang}}	main}}	'to hit or beat'	Contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms
Torwali<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref name="otd">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation		CitationClass=web }}</ref>|| {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} || {{#invoke:IPA|main}}|| 'words' ||Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms.
Vietnamese	Southern dialects<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	lang}}	main}}	'you pay'	May be somewhat affricated. See Vietnamese phonology
Welayta		{{#invoke:IPA|main}}		'dew'

See also

• Index of phonetics articles

References

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External links

• Phonology of English, including dialectical variations
• Template:Phoible