Open-mid front rounded vowel

Template:Short description Template:Infobox IPA Template:IPA vowels

File:Spectrogram of open-mid front rounded vowel (IPA œ).png

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The open-mid front rounded vowel, or low-mid front rounded vowel,<ref>Template:Vowel terminology</ref> is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the sound is Template:Angbr IPA. The symbol œ is a lowercase ligature of the letters o and e. The letter Template:Angbr IPA, a small capital version of the Template:Angbr ligature, is used for a different vowel sound: the open front rounded vowel.

Open-mid front compressed vowelEdit

The open-mid front compressed vowel is typically transcribed in IPA simply as Template:Angbr IPA, which is the convention used in this article. There is no dedicated IPA diacritic for compression. However, the compression of the lips can be shown by the letter Template:IPAalink as Template:Angbr IPA (simultaneous {{#invoke:IPA|main}} and labial compression) or Template:Angbr IPA ({{#invoke:IPA|main}} modified with labial compression). The spread-lip diacritic Template:Angbr IPA may also be used with a rounded vowel letter Template:Angbr IPA as an ad hoc symbol, but 'spread' technically means unrounded.

FeaturesEdit

Template:Open-mid vowel Template:Front vowel Template:Compressed vowel

OccurrenceEdit

Because front rounded vowels are assumed to have compression, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have protrusion.

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Asturian	Some Western dialects<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>	lang}}	main}}	'outside'	Realization of Template:Angbr in the diphthong Template:Angbr. May also be realized as Template:IPAblink or Template:IPAblink.
Azeri	North Azerbaijani	lang}}	main}}	'purple'
Bavarian	Amstetten dialect<ref name="tm82">Template:Harvcoltxt, cited in Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	lang}}	main}}	'rope'	Contrasts close Template:IPAblink, near-close Template:IPAblink, close-mid Template:IPAblink and open-mid {{#invoke:IPA\|main}} front rounded vowels in addition to the open central unrounded Template:IPAblink.<ref name="tm82"/> Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA.
Bavarian	Northern Template:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'I'd help'	main}} before {{#invoke:IPA\|main}}.Template:Sfnp
Breton	All speakersTemplate:Sfnp	leur	main}}	'floor'	Short counterpart of Template:IPAslink.Template:Sfnp May be transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA.
Breton	Bas-LéonTemplate:Sfnp	Template:Example needed			main}} and the long close-mid Template:IPAslink. Other speakers have only one mid front rounded vowel Template:IPAslink.Template:Sfnp
Buwal Template:Sfnp		{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}		'fine'	main}} when adjacent to a labialized consonant.Template:Sfnp
Catalan	Capcinès	lang}}	main}}	'Moon'	Realization [œ] of “u” in Capcir.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> See Catalan phonology.
Chinese	Cantonese	lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'long'	See Cantonese phonology
Lombard	Lombard	lang}}	main}}	'boy','man'	Occurs naturally in the language, most frequently in western and northern regions, alternating with ø in many words, and rendered under the letter 'œ', while [ø] is under the letter ö.
Danish	StandardTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'to do'	Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See Danish phonology
Dutch	StandardTemplate:Sfnp Template:Sfnp	lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'manoeuvre'	Occurs only in a few loanwords.Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp See Dutch phonology
	Some speakersTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'perfume'	main}}.Template:Sfnp See Dutch phonology
	The Hague dialect Template:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'out'	main}} in standard Dutch.Template:Sfnp See Dutch phonology
English	General New Zealand Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp	bird	{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	'bird'	May be mid Template:IPAblink instead. In broader varieties, it is close-mid or higher.Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp Typically transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA. See New Zealand English phonology
	Scouse Template:Sfnp				Possible realization of the merged Template:Sc2–Template:Sc2 vowel {{#invoke:IPA\|main}}.Template:Sfnp
	Southern Welsh Template:Sfnp				Also described as mid Template:IPAblink Template:Sfnp and close-mid Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp
	General South African Template:Sfnp	go	main}}	'go'	main}}~{{#invoke:IPA\|main}} instead. Other South African varieties do not monophthongize. See South African English phonology
French Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'young'	See French phonology
Galician<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>		lang}}	main}}	ˈweek'	main}}, which is usually realized as {{#invoke:IPA\|main}}
German	Standard Template:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'hell'	See Standard German phonology
German	Western Swiss accentsTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'beautiful'	Close-mid Template:IPAblink in other accents.Template:Sfnp See Standard German phonology
Limburgish	Many dialectsTemplate:Sfnp Template:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'sleeve'	Central Template:IPAblink in Maastricht;Template:Sfnp the example word is from the Hasselt dialect.
Low German Template:Sfnp		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	main}}	'six'
Low German Template:Sfnp	Espírito Santo East Pomeranian Template:Sfnp	{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}		'hell'
Saterland Frisian Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'to rear'
West Frisian	HindeloopersTemplate:Sfnp	Template:Example needed			See West Frisian phonology
West Frisian	SúdwesthoekskTemplate:Sfnp Template:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'school'	See West Frisian phonology

Open-mid front protruded vowelEdit

Template:Infobox IPA

Catford notesTemplate:Full citation needed that most languages with rounded front and back vowels use distinct types of labialization, protruded back vowels and compressed front vowels. However, a few, such as Scandinavian languages, have protruded front vowels. One Scandinavian language, Swedish, even contrasts the two types of rounding in front vowels (see near-close front rounded vowel, with Swedish examples of both types of rounding).

As there are no diacritics in the IPA to distinguish protruded and compressed rounding, an old diacritic for labialization, Template:Angbr IPA, will be used here as an ad hoc symbol for protruded front vowels. Another possible transcription is Template:Angbr IPA or Template:Angbr IPA (an open-mid front vowel modified by endolabialization), but it could be misread as a diphthong.

Acoustically, the sound is "between" the more typical compressed open-mid front vowel {{#invoke:IPA|main}} and the unrounded open-mid front vowel Template:IPAblink.

FeaturesEdit

Template:Open-mid vowel Template:Front vowel Template:Protruded vowel

OccurrenceEdit

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Norwegian Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'nut'	The example word is from Urban East Norwegian, in which the vowel has also been described as mid central Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp See Norwegian phonology
Swedish	Central StandardTemplate:Sfnp Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp	lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'ear'	main}} and most often also {{#invoke:IPA\|main}} before {{#invoke:IPA\|main}}.Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp May be more open {{#invoke:IPA\|main}} for younger speakers from Stockholm.Template:Sfnp See Swedish phonology
Swedish	Younger Stockholm speakersTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'to buy'	Higher Template:IPAblink for other speakers. See Swedish phonology

NotesEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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