Foster and Partners

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Foster and Partners (also Foster + Partners) is a British international architecture firm with its headquarters in London, England. It was founded in 1967 by British architect and designer Norman Foster. The firm has been involved in the design of major projects around the world, including the Gherkin in London, the Luigi Einaudi university campus in Turin, the Hearst Tower in New York City,<ref name=FastCompany09>Template:Cite news</ref> the 1990s renovation of the Reichstag in Berlin,<ref name=WaPo17>Template:Cite news</ref> the Millau Viaduct in France,<ref name=NYT23>Template:Cite news</ref> and Hong Kong International Airport.<ref name=NYT19>Template:Cite news</ref>

In addition to architectural design, the firm's practice encompasses engineering<ref name="ArchNews21">Template:Cite news</ref> and industrial design.<ref name=Wallpaper22>Template:Cite news</ref> As of 2021, the firm had approximately 1,500 employees in New York City, Hong Kong, and Madrid.<ref name="ArchNews21"/> The firm has won the Pritzker Architecture Prize<ref name="ArchDigest23">Template:Cite news</ref> and the Stirling Prize.<ref name=CNN18>Template:Cite news</ref> By 2024, Foster + Partner earned more than half a billion dollars in fees.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite news</ref> 40% of Foster + Partner's fees were paid by clients in the Middle East.<ref name=":1" />

History

The firm was established by Norman Foster in 1967,<ref name="ArchDigest23"/> shortly after leaving his first studio, Team 4.<ref name=dezeen23>Template:Cite news</ref> The firm was originally called Foster Associates before the name was changed to Sir Norman Foster + Partners and then Foster + Partners in 1999.<ref name=Guardian99>Template:Cite news</ref>

The firm was chosen by Robert Sainsbury to design the Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, which was completed in 1978.<ref name=ArchitectMag16>Template:Cite news</ref> Located at the University of East Anglia in Norwich, England,<ref name=Guardian18>Template:Cite news</ref> the 500 foot-long steel structure was designed to house the Sainsbury’s art collection, and was the firm’s first public building.<ref name=ArchitectMag16 />

In 1979, Foster + Partners won an international competition to design the new HSBC headquarters in Hong Kong.<ref name=Dezeen19>Template:Cite news</ref> When the building was completed, it was the most expensive building in the world.<ref name=Dezeen19/>

The firm was chosen to renovate the Reichstag in Berlin after being selected in a design competition in 1992.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The renovation was completed in 1999.<ref name=Dezeen19 />

Foster + Partners was selected to be architect of a new skyscraper in London to be built on the site of the Baltic Exchange building, which had been heavily damaged by an IRA bomb in 1992.<ref name=BBC00>Template:Cite news</ref> The building, known as 30 St Mary Axe or its nickname, “The Gherkin,” was completed in 2004 for Swiss Re.<ref name=BBC14>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2001, construction began on the Norman Foster-designed Millau Viaduct spanning the Tarn Gorge in southern France. The bridge was completed in 2004 and as of 2024 was the tallest bridge in the world.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2007, the private equity company 3i took a stake in the firm.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The firm was approached by Steve Jobs in 2009 to develop 75 acres in Cupertino, California into the new headquarters of Apple; Jobs consulted on the design until his death in 2011.<ref name=Wired17>Template:Cite news</ref> The campus, known as Apple Park, cost $5 billion and opened in 2017.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The practice regained complete ownership in June 2014, when the 140 partners bought it back from 3i.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In October 2021, a significant stake in the firm was bought for an undisclosed sum by a Canadian private investor, Hennick & Company, which became the single largest shareholder of the firm. Foster retains a controlling interest.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Notable projects

Notable projects ordered by year of completion and type:

Masterplans

• More London, London, UK (1998–2000)
• Duisburg Inner Harbour, Germany (1991–2003)
• Trafalgar Square redevelopment, London, UK (1996–2003)
• Quartermile, Edinburgh, Scotland (2001–)
• Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE (2007–)
• West Kowloon Cultural District, Hong Kong (2009)
• Thames Hub, UK (2011–)
• Central Square, Cardiff, Wales
• Amaravati, India (under construction)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Airports

• Red Sea International Airport, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia (2021–)
• Techo Takhmao International Airport, Phnom Penh, Cambodia (2025)

Bridges

• Millau Viaduct, the tallest bridge in the world (2004)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Western Årsta Bridge, Sweden (1994/2005)
• Millennium Bridge, London, UK (1998–2002)

Government

• Reichstag building redevelopment, Berlin, Germany (1999)
• London City Hall, UK (2002)
• New Supreme Court Building, Singapore (2015)
• Palace of Peace and Reconciliation, Astana, Kazakhstan (2006)<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp
• Buenos Aires City Hall (new headquarters), Buenos Aires, Argentina<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> (2015)

Cultural

• Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK (1978)
• Clyde Auditorium, part of the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre complex, Glasgow (1997)
• Sackler Galleries, Royal Academy of Arts, London, UK (1985–1991)
• Carré d'Art, Nîmes, France (1984–1993)
• American Air Museum, Imperial War Museum Duxford, UK (1997) – Stirling Prize
• Queen Elizabeth II Great Court redevelopment, British Museum, London, UK (2000)
• The Sage Gateshead, Gateshead, UK (1997–2004)
• The Zénith, Zénith de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne, France (2004–2007)
• The Robert and Arlene Kogod Courtyard, Smithsonian Institution, National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C., US (2004–2007)
• Winspear Opera House, Dallas, US (2003–2009)
• Art of the Americas Wing, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, US (1999–2010)
• Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center, Astana, Kazakhstan (2006–2010)<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp
• Sperone Westwater Gallery, New York City, US (2008–2010)
• Extension to Lenbachhaus art museum, Munich, Germany (2013)
• OVO Hydro, Glasgow, Scotland (2004–2013)
• Datong Art Museum, China (2011–2022)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Hall of Realms, Madrid, Spain (2018–2021)

Higher education

• Kings Norton Library, Cranfield University, UK (1994)
• Faculty of Law, Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (1995)
• Faculty of Management (now known as Aberdeen Business School), The Robert Gordon University, UK (1998)
• Imperial College School of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, UK (1994–1998)
• Center for Clinical Science Research, Stanford University Stanford, California, US (1995–2000)
• British Library of Political and Economic Science, London School of Economics, London, UK (1993–2001)
• Imperial College London, Flowers Building, London, UK (1997–2001)
• Faculty of Social Studies, University of Oxford, UK (1996–2002)
• James H. Clark Center, Stanford, California, US (1999–2003)
• Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia (2004)
• Tanaka Business School, renamed the Imperial College Business School, London, UK (2004)
• Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany (2005)
• Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (2006)
• Library, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, California, US (2000–2008)
• Yale School of Management, new campus, New Haven, US (2013)<ref>Design New Haven {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE (2007–2015)
• China Resources University, Shenzhen, China (2011–2016)
• Health Education Campus (HEC), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, US (2015–2019), location of the first U.S. 2020 Presidential Debate between Donald Trump and Joe Biden.
• York University, Toronto, Canada (2018)
• Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2009

Sport

• Wembley Stadium reconstruction, London, UK (2007)
• Lusail Iconic Stadium, Lusail, Qatar (2010)

Transportation

• Stansted Airport, Uttlesford, UK (1991)
• Metro Bilbao, Spain (1997) – Line 2 (2004)
• Hong Kong International Airport, Chek Lap Kok, Hong Kong (1998)
• Canary Wharf tube station, London, UK (1999)
• Expo MRT station, Singapore (2001)
• Dresden Hauptbahnhof redevelopment, Dresden, Germany (1997–2006)
• Beijing Capital International Airport, Beijing, China (2008)
• Heathrow Terminal 2, London, UK
• Spaceport America, New Mexico, US (2005–2013)
• Four railway stations for the Haramain High Speed Rail Project, Saudi Arabia<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Kai Tak Cruise Terminal, Hong Kong (2013)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Mexico City Texcoco Airport, Mexico (projected 2020)
• Slussenområdet redevelopment, Stockholm, Sweden (projected 2022)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Queen Alia International Airport, Amman, Jordan (2005–2013)
• Thames Hub, UK (from 2011)
• Thames Hub Airport, UK (from 2013)
• Ocean Terminal extension, Hong Kong
• York University station – TYSSE, Vaughan, Ontario/Toronto, Canada (2017)
• Red Sea International Airport, Hanak, Saudi Arabia (2023)
• Tocumen International Airport Terminal 2, Panama City, Panama (2023)
• Gadigal and Barangaroo Metro stations, Sydney (2024)
• Techo Takhmao International Airport, Phnom Penh, Cambodia (2025)
• Solidarity Transport Hub or Central Communication/Transport Port, Baranów, Poland (2027)

Office

• Fred. Olsen Lines terminal, London Docklands, UK (1971)
• Willis Building, Ipswich, UK (1971–1975)
• HSBC Tower, Hong Kong (1986)
• Commerzbank Tower, Frankfurt, Germany (1997)
• Citigroup Centre, London, UK (1996–2000)
• 8 Canada Square (global headquarters of HSBC Group, London, UK (1997–2002)
• The Gherkin, London, UK – Swiss Re headquarters (2004) – Stirling Prize
• McLaren Technology Centre, base for the McLaren Formula One team and McLaren Group, Woking, UK (2004)
• Deutsche Bank Place, Sydney (1997–2005)
• Hearst Tower, New York City, US (2006)
• Willis Building, London, UK (2001–2007)
• Torre Cepsa, Madrid, Spain (2002–2009)
• Principal Place, Shoreditch, London (2012–2016) – UK headquarters of Amazon
• Apple Park (corporate headquarters of Apple Inc.), Cupertino, California, US (2013–2017)
• Bloomberg London (European headquarters), London UK (2017) – Stirling Prize
• Hankook Technoplex, Daejeon, South Korea (2016-2020)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Varso (the tallest building in Poland and in the European Union), Warsaw, Poland (2022)
• 425 Park Avenue, New York City, US (2022)
• Template:Interlanguage link Headquarters, Yekaterinburg, Russia (2020)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• DJI Sky City (DJI headquarter), Shenzhen, China (2022)
• MOL Campus (the tallest Building in Hungary), Budapest, Hungary (2022)

Leisure

• The Great Glasshouse, National Botanic Garden of Wales, Wales, UK (1995–2000)
• Elephant House, Copenhagen Zoo#Foster's Elephant House, Copenhagen, Denmark (2002–2008)
• Dolder Grand restoration, Zürich, Switzerland (2002–2008)
• Faustino Winery Bodegas Faustino, Castilla y Leon, Spain (2007–2010)
• Le Dôme winery, Saint-Émilion, France (−2021)
• ME Hotel, ME by Meliá, London, UK (2004–2013)
• The Murray, Hong Kong (2018)<ref>The Murray | Projects | Foster + Partners. Fosterandpartners.com (2018). Retrieved 2018.</ref><ref>Top architect Norman Foster transforms Hong Kong's colonial-era Murray Building into five-star hotel. (26 June 2017). South China Morning Post.</ref>

Mixed use

• Albion Riverside, London, UK (1998–2003)
• Al Faisaliyah Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (1994–2000)
• The Index (Dubai), Dubai, UAE (2010)
• The Troika, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2004–2011)
• The Bow, Calgary, Canada (2005–2013)
• Central Market Project, Abu Dhabi, UAE (2006–2013)
• One Central Park, Sydney, Australia (2012–2013)
• 2 World Trade Center (formerly 200 Greenwich Street), New York City, US (completion date not set yet)
• CityCenterDC, Washington, D.C., US
• Crystal Island, Moscow, Russia (completion date not set yet)
• Hermitage Plaza, La Défense, Paris, France (from 2008)
• India Tower, Mumbai, India (cancelled)
• Oceanwide Center, San Francisco, US (predicted completion date 2021)
• Comcast Technology Center, Philadelphia, US (completed 2018)
• VietinBank Business Center Office Tower, Hanoi, Vietnam (predicted completion date 2017)
• Principal Place (including Principal Tower), London, UK (2017)
• Battersea Power Station Phase 3, London, UK (under construction)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• The One, Toronto, Canada (projected 2024)

Residential

• The Murezzan, St Moritz, Switzerland (2003–2007)<ref>The Murezzan | Projects | Foster + Partners. Fosterandpartners.com. Retrieved 23 June 2014.</ref>
• Regent Place, Sydney, Australia (2003–2007)<ref>Regent Place | Projects | Foster + Partners Template:Webarchive. Fosterandpartners.com (19 June 2003). Retrieved 23 June 2014.</ref>
• Jameson House, Vancouver, Canada (2004–2011)<ref>Jameson House | Projects | Foster + Partners. Fosterandpartners.com. Retrieved 23 June 2014.</ref>
• The Aleph, Buenos Aires, Argentina (2006–2013)<ref>The Aleph | Projects | Foster + Partners Template:Webarchive. Fosterandpartners.com. Retrieved 23 June 2014.</ref>
• Anfa Place, Casablanca, Morocco (2007–2013)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• Faena House, Miami Beach, US<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• The Towers by Foster + Partners, Miami, US (2016)
• Arcoris Mont Kiara, Malaysia (projected 2016)
• 100 East 53rd Street (formerly 610 Lexington Avenue), New York City, US (2019)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• 50 United Nations Plaza, New York City, US (2015)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Ocean Tower, Mumbai, India (projected 2022)
• The Estate Makati, Makati, Philippines (projected 2023)

Retail

• Apple Store, Chicago, US (2017)

Current

• BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House, Cardiff, Wales
• Amaravati, India (under construction)
• 270 Park Avenue redevelopment, New York, United States (under construction)
• Transamerica Pyramid, San Francisco, United States (renovation)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Selected works

• LSE large.jpg

  The British Library of Political and Economic Science

• Hong Kong International Airport.jpg

  The futuristic interior roof of Hong Kong International Airport

• Foster - Willis Faber and Dumas Headquarters Ipswich.jpg

  The Willis Faber and Dumas Headquarters in Ipswich was one of Foster's earliest commissions after founding Foster Associates.

• British Museum Great Court roof.jpg

  The tessellated glass roof of the British Museum's Great Court.

• London Wembley.jpg

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• 30 St Mary Axe, 'Gherkin'.JPG

  30 St Mary Axe, one of London's most popular new buildings.<ref>BBC News Template:Cite news</ref>

• Reichstag Berlin P10100333.JPG

  The reconstruction of the Reichstag building

• Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts.jpg

  Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts

• TateMilleniumStPauls GS.jpg

  Millennium Bridge, London

• HK HSBC Main Building 2008.jpg

  HSBC building in Hong Kong

• City Hall - geograph.org.uk - 1774997.jpg

  London City Hall

• Bloomberg European Headquarters, London.jpg

  Bloomberg European Headquarters, London

• Aerial view of Apple Park dllu.jpg

  Apple Park

• Apple Store The Grove.jpg

  Interior of the Apple Store in Los Angeles, California

Awards

• 1998 RIBA Stirling Prize for Imperial War Museum
• 2000 Welsh National Eisteddfod Gold Medal for the Great Glasshouse, National Botanic Garden of Wales<ref>Gold Medal for Architecture Template:Webarchive, The National Eisteddfod of Wales.</ref>
• 2003 MIPIM AR Future Projects Award, Grand Prix for Swiss Re
• 2004 RIBA Stirling Prize for Swiss Re
• 2007 RIBA European Award for Dresden Station Redevelopment
• 2007 RIBA International Award for Hearst Tower
• 2007 Aga Khan Award for Architecture for University of Technology Petronas
• 2008 2008 LEAF Award for Beijing Airport Terminal 3
• 2009 RIBA European Award for Zenith
• 2009 2009 RIBA International Award for Beijing Airport Terminal 3
• In June 2011, The Index Tower was the recipient of the 2011 Best Tall Building Middle East & Africa award by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat
• 2010 RIBA International Award for Winspear Opera House<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• 2011 RIBA International Award for Masdar Institute<ref name="auto">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• 2011 RIBA International Award for Boston Museum of Fine Arts<ref name="auto"/>
• 2013 RIBA International Award for Faena Aleph Residences<ref>'Winners of the 2013 RIBA International Awards awards for architectural excellence announced.' Template:Webarchive, Architecture.com</ref>
• 2013 RIBA International Award Central Market Project
• 2013 RIBA Award 7 More London More London
• 2013 Best Bar, Restaurant & Bar Design Awards for Atrium Champagne Bar, London, UK
• 2014 RIBA International Award for Marseille Vieux Port<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• 2016 RIBA International Award for Buenos Aires Ciudad Casa de Gobierno<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• 2017 RIBA National Award for Maggie's at the Robert Parfett Building<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• 2018 RIBA Awards for International Excellence for Xiao Jing Wan University<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• 2018 Stirling Prize for Bloomberg London, UK
• World Winners Prix Versailles 2018

Criticism

In June 2008, The Guardian criticized real estate development in a pristine seacoast area in Bulgaria, which was under EU environmental protection. The paper cited environmentalists' concerns over the impact of the planned 15,000-inhabitant resort facilities. The Bulgarian partner Georgi Stanishev, is the brother of Sergey Stanishev, who served as the Prime Minister of Bulgaria between 2005 and 2009 and is also the Leader of the Bulgarian Socialist Party.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

See also

• List of architecture firms
• List of architects
• Mouzhan Majidi
• Richard Rogers
• Roy Fleetwood
• SkyCycle (proposed transport project)

External links

• Template:Official
• Template:ArchINFORM
• Foster + Partners publications at Archidust