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Order of the Rising Sun

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The Template:Nihongo is a Japanese order, established in 1875 by Emperor Meiji. The Order was the first national decoration awarded by the Japanese government,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> created on 10 April 1875 by decree of the Council of State.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The badge features rays of sunlight from the rising sun. The design of the Rising Sun symbolizes energy as powerful as the rising sun<ref name="emb-japan1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in parallel with the "rising sun" concept of Japan ("Land of the Rising Sun").

The Order of the Rising Sun is awarded to people who have rendered distinguished service to the state in various fields except military service. Since there is no order for military achievements under the current Japanese system, Japan Self-Defense Forces personnel are awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure for their long engagement in public service.<ref>元統幕議長への瑞宝大綬章は首相指示 Sankei Shinbun. 15 July 2015</ref> Prior to the end of World War II, it was also awarded for exemplary military service. In 2003, the 7th and 8th Class, which were at the bottom of the Order of the Rising Sun, were abolished, and the upper half of the 1st Class (勲一等, Kun-ittō) was separated as the Order of the Paulownia Flowers, which was higher than the Order of the Rising Sun.<ref name=NewAward>Grand Cordon of the Order of the Paulownia Flowers Template:Webarchive Cabinet Office</ref>

Until 2003, the Order of the Rising Sun was on the same rank as the Order of the Precious Crown, with the Order of the Rising Sun being for men only and the Order of the Precious Crown for women only.<ref name ="eiten6">栄典制度の概要. p.6 Cabinet Office (Japan)</ref> The Order of the Sacred Treasure was treated as an order of slightly lower rank than the Order of the Rising Sun and the Order of the Precious Crown. For example, the 1st class of the Order of the Sacred Treasure was placed between the 1st class and the 2nd class of the Order of the Rising Sun and the Order of the Precious Crown, and the 2nd class of the Order of the Sacred Treasure was placed between the 2nd class and the 3rd class of the Order of the Rising Sun and the Order of the Precious Crown.<ref name ="eiten6"/>

Since 2003, the Order of the Rising Sun has been awarded not only to men but also to women, and the Order of the Precious Crown has become a special order given only to female members of the imperial family in Japan and female members of royal families in foreign countries, only when it is specifically necessary for diplomatic ceremonies.<ref name ="eiten6"/> The Order of the Rising Sun and the Order of the Sacred Treasure became the same rank of orders,<ref name ="eiten6"/> and one of them came to be awarded because of the difference in the nature of the contribution to the state.<ref name = "eiten5">栄典制度の概要. p.5 Cabinet Office (Japan)</ref> The Order of the Rising Sun is awarded with an emphasis on achievements to the state, and the Order of the Sacred Treasure is awarded with an emphasis on long-term public service.<ref name="kijun">勲章の授与基準. Cabinet Office (Japan)</ref>

While it is the third highest order bestowed by the Japanese government, it is however generally the highest ordinarily conferred order. The highest Japanese order, the Order of the Chrysanthemum, is reserved for heads of state or royalty, while the second highest order, the Order of the Paulownia Flowers, is mostly reserved for politicians.

The modern version of this honour has been conferred on non-Japanese recipients beginning in 1981 (although several foreigners were given the honor before World War II).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The awarding of the Order is administered by the Decoration Bureau of the Cabinet Office headed by the Japanese prime minister. It is awarded in the name of the emperor and can be awarded posthumously.

Since 2003, the number representing rank included in the official name of the order was removed. As a result, although numbers representing ranks were sometimes used in common names, the formal names such as 勲一等 (Kun-ittō, First Class) and 勲二等 (Kun-nitō, Second Class) were no longer used.<ref name = "eiten5"/>

Criteria for awardingEdit

File:UsgovrisingsunGC.jpg
US Navy Admiral Dennis C. Blair (2002). He was awarded the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (1st class) for his contribution to the stability and development of the international community.

The Order of the Rising Sun is awarded to the following contributions of women, men or other persons;<ref name ="eiten10">栄典制度の概要. p.10 Cabinet Office (Japan)</ref>

  • to the stability and development of the international community.
  • to the realization of appropriate tax payment.
  • to the promotion of school education or social education.
  • to the promotion of culture or sports.
  • to the promotion of science and technology.
  • to the improvement and promotion of social welfare.
  • to the improvement and promotion of the health or public health of citizens.
  • to the improvement of the working environment for workers.
  • to environmental conservation.

The same conditions are valid for a person who

  • is engaged in the business of agriculture, forestry, fisheries, commerce, mining, industry, information and communications industry, construction industry, real estate industry, finance and insurance industry, service industry, etc., and has contributed to the public interest by developing the economy and industry.
  • has contributed to the public interest by engaging in the services of an attorney, certified public accountant, patent attorney, etc.
  • contributed to the public interest by engaging in the work of newspapers, broadcasting or other news reporting.
  • is engaged in a public interest business such as Electricity Business, Gas Business, Transportation Business, etc. and has contributed to the promotion of public welfare.
  • A person other than those listed in the preceding items who has contributed to the public interest.

Among them, regulations on the criteria for awarding orders to those who belong to the National Diet, the central and local governments, and courts stipulate in detail which ranks are awarded for each position. For example, the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (1st class) is awarded to a person who has made outstanding achievements in his/her position as Prime Minister, Speaker of the House of Representatives, President of the House of Councillors, or Chief Justice of Japan. The Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (1st class) or the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Rays (2nd class) are awarded to a person who has made outstanding achievements in his/her position as Minister of State, Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary, Senior Vice-Minister, Vice Speaker of the House of Representatives, Vice President of the House of Councilors, or Judge of the Supreme Court.<ref name ="eiten11">栄典制度の概要. p.11, p.12 Cabinet Office (Japan)</ref>

ClassesEdit

The Order was awarded in nine classes until 2003, when the Grand Cordon with Paulownia Flowers was made a separate order, and the lowest two classes were abolished. Since then, it has been awarded in six classes. Conventionally, a diploma is prepared to accompany the insignia of the order, and in some rare instances, the personal signature of the Emperor will have been added. As an illustration of the wording of the text, a translation of a representative 1929 diploma says:

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InsigniaEdit

The star for the Grand Cordon and Second Class is a silver star of eight points, each point having three alternating silver rays; the central emblem is identical to the badge. It is worn on the left chest for the Grand Cordon and on the right chest for the 2nd Class.

The badge for the Grand Cordon to Sixth Classes is an eight-pointed badge bearing a central red enamelled sun disc, with gilt points (1st–4th Classes), with four gilt and four silver points (5th Class), or with silver points (6th Class); each point comprises three white enamelled rays. It is suspended from three enamelled paulownia leaves (not chrysanthemum leaves as the Decoration Bureau page claims) on a ribbon in white with red border stripes, worn as a sash from the right shoulder for the Grand Cordon, as a necklet for the 2nd and 3rd Classes and on the left chest for the 4th to 6th Classes (with a rosette for the 4th Class).

The badge for the Seventh and Eighth Classes consisted of a silver medal in the shape of three paulownia leaves, enamelled for the 7th Class and plain for the 8th Class. Both were suspended on a ribbon, again in white with red border stripes, and worn on the left chest. Both classes were abolished in 2003 and replaced by the Order of the Paulownia Flowers, a single-class order that now ranks above the Order of the Rising Sun.

  • Grand Cordon of the Order of the Paulownia Flowers.png

    Separated into higher order in 2003. (Upper half of the 1st Class before 2003)

  • Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun.png

    Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (1st class)

  • The Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star.png

    The Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star (2nd class)

  • The Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon.png

    The Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon (3rd class)

  • The Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette.png

    The Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette (4th class)

  • The Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Rays.png

    The Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Rays (5th class)

  • The Order of the Rising Sun, Silver Rays.png

    The Order of the Rising Sun, Silver Rays (6th class)

  • MET 06 432ab F.jpeg

    7th Class (Abolished in 2003)

  • MET 06 433ab F.jpeg

    8th Class (Abolished in 2003)

Notable recipientsEdit

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1st Class, Grand CordonEdit

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  • Bob Hawke (1929–2019), Former Australian Prime Minister, 2012<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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2nd Class, Gold and Silver StarEdit

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  • Bill Frenzel, 2000<ref name="nndb1"/><ref name=2000Autumn>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Mazie Hirono (1947– ), 2021<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Ignasius Jonan (1963–), 2022<ref name="Ministry of Foreign Affairs"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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3rd Class, Gold Rays with Neck RibbonEdit

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  • Craig Agena (1960–), 2014<ref name="Order list">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • John F. Aiso (1909–1987), 1985<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Giorgio Amitrano (1957–), 2020 (ceremony held in 2022)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • William Hansel Barrow (1936–2020), 2005<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Richard Bowring (1947–), 2013<ref name="2013 Spring">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Peter Kornicki (1950–), 2018<ref name="2018 Peter Kornicki">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • George Koshi c. 1960<ref name=MIS_Honors>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • John Powles, 2008<ref name=2008Autumn>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Raaj Kumar Sah, 2017<ref name = "Raaj Sah">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Doi Michio, 1915<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Abul Barkat (1954–), 2022<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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4th Class, Gold Rays with RosetteEdit

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  • Hank Aaron (1934–2021), 2016<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Arvydas Ališauskas, 2012<ref>Founder of center for Japonology in Lithuania, first Japanese translator, Japanese teacher and popularizer of Japanese culture in Lithuania [4] Template:Webarchive</ref>
  • Shusaku Arakawa (1936–2010), 2010<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Andrej Bekeš, 2008<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Glen Gondo, 2013<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Michael Arnold Hodgkin, 2019<ref>Mr. Michael Arnold Hodgkin has been awarded "The Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette" for his contribution to promoting friendly relations and mutual understanding between Japan and Australia.{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Rena Kanokogi (1935–2009), 2008<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • George Kerr (1937–), 2010<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Shiro Floyd Mori, 2012<ref name="Japanese Embassy to US">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Daniel Ost, 2015<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Kenneth Oye, 2018<ref name=mofa>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Kip Tokuda (1946–2013), 2012<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
  • Masanobu Tsuji (1902–1961), 1942<ref>Honor awarded 1942: Tsuji, Masanobu. (1997). Japan's Greatest Victory, Britain's Worst Defeat, p. 108.</ref>
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5th Class, Gold and Silver RaysEdit

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  • Grant Masashi Ujifusa (1942–), 2012<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Low Thian Seng (1951-), 2015 - President of Malaysia Aikido Association<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Mary-Grace Browning MBE (1944–), 2016<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Miyazaki Atsuo (1947–), 2021
  • Tan Soon Hoe (1955–) 2023 President of SSEAYP International Singapore
  • Mr Visit Dejkumtorn 2022 - Former President of SSEAYP International Thailand
  • Mr Chai Nim 2021 Former President of SSEAYP International Thailand
  • Dr Rino Wicaksono 2023 Former President of SSEAYP International Indonesia
  • Mr Auzi Former President of SSEAYP International Malaysia
  • Dick Beyer (1930–2019), 2017
  • Muharrem Demirci, 2023<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Vytautas Dumčius, 2016<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Douglas Erber, 2021<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Dr. Rupert Faulkner (Victoria & Albert Museum), 2020
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  • Jan Kowalewski (1892–1965), 1923<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Farrukh Ummataliyevich Usmonov (1973–), 2024<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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2023 On 23 January 2024, Ambassador Hiroshi ISHIKAWA held at his residence the conferment ceremony for the 2023 Autumn Conferment of Decoration bestowed upon former President of Ship for Southeast Asian and Japanese Youth Programme (SSEAYP) International Singapore (SIS), Mr Tan Soon Hoe BBM PBM PBS. Mr Tan received the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Rays for his significant contributions for promoting youth exchanges and friendship among Japan, Singapore and other ASEAN Member States.

6th Class, Silver RaysEdit

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7th Class, Green Paulownia Leaves MedalEdit

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In 2003, the 7th and 8th levels – named for leaves of the Paulownia tree, long used as a mon (emblem) for the highest levels of Japanese society – were moved to a new and distinct order, the single-class Order of the Paulownia Flowers.<ref name=NewAward/>

8th Class, white Paulownia Leaves MedalEdit

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In 2003, the 7th and 8th levels – named for leaves of the Paulownia tree, long used as a mon (emblem) for the highest levels of Japanese society – were moved to a new and distinct order, the single-class Order of the Paulownia Flowers.<ref name=NewAward/>

Class unknownEdit

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See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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Further readingEdit

  • Peterson, James W., Barry C. Weaver and Michael A. Quigley (2001). Orders and Medals of Japan and Associated States. San Ramon, California: Orders and Medals Society of America. Template:ISBN.

External linksEdit

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Template:Honors and decorations of Japan

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