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Order of the Chrysanthemum

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Template:Nihongo is Japan's highest order. The Grand Cordon of the Order was established in 1876 by Emperor Meiji of Japan; the Collar of the Order was added on 4 January 1888. Unlike European counterparts, the order may be conferred posthumously.

Apart from the Imperial Family, only seven Japanese citizens have ever been decorated with the collar in their lifetimes; the last such award was to former Prime Minister Saionji Kinmochi in 1928. Eight others have been posthumously decorated with the collar; the last such award was to former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in 2022.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Today, only the reigning Emperor holds this dignity as sovereign of the order; however, exceptions are made for foreign heads of state, who can be awarded the collar in friendship.

The grand cordon is the highest possible honour a Japanese citizen can be awarded during his or her lifetime. Aside from members of the Imperial Family, 53 Japanese citizens have been decorated with the grand cordon; of these, only 23 were living at the time of receipt.

InsigniaEdit

The collar of the order is made of gold, and features the kanji for "Meiji", in classic form, indicating the era of the order's establishment. It is decorated with gold chrysanthemum blossoms and green-enameled leaves.

The sash of the grand cordon of the order is red with dark blue border stripes. It is worn on the right shoulder.

The star of the order is similar to the badge, but in silver, without the chrysanthemum suspension, and with an eight-pointed gilt medallion (with white-enameled rays and red-enameled sun disc) placed at the center. It is worn on the left chest.

The badge of the order is a four-pointed gilt badge with white-enameled rays; the center bears a red enameled sun disc. On each of the four corners of the badge is a yellow-enameled chrysanthemum blossom with green-enameled chrysanthemum leaves. The badge is suspended on a yellow-enameled chrysanthemum, either on the collar or on the grand cordon.

Ribbon bars
File:JPN Daikun'i kikkasho BAR.svg
Collar 		File:JPN Daikun'i kikkasho BAR.svg
Grand Cordon

GradesEdit

Name and image Enactment date Purpose of the award
Template:Ruby
Collar of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum
File:Collar of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum.png
 4 January 1888 It is said to be "a special gift for those decorated with the Supreme Order."<ref>Template:Nihongo</ref>Template:Efn
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Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum
File:Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum.png

badge (top), star (bottom right), rosette (bottom left)
{{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} 		27 December 1876 "Specially awarded... to those who have excellent merit, above the merit for which the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun or the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasures would be awarded".<ref name="kijun">Template:Cite book</ref>
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Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum
File:Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum 002.jpg
 27 December 1876 It has never been awarded on its own, instead it has been treated as the star of the Grand Cordon and of the Collar;

officially incorporated as the star of both grades in the 2003 institutional reform.

SovereignsEdit

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  • Emperor Meiji (Sovereign from 27 December 1876)
  • Emperor Taishō (Grand Cordon 3 November 1889; Collar 10 May 1900; Sovereign from 30 July 1912)
  • Emperor Shōwa (Grand Cordon 9 September 1912; Collar as Regent 24 September 1921; Sovereign from 25 December 1926)
  • Emperor Akihito (Grand Cordon 10 November 1952; Sovereign from 7 January 1989 to 30 April 2019)
  • Emperor Naruhito (Grand Cordon 23 February 1980; Sovereign since 1 May 2019)

Awards of the Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum to members of the Imperial Family and royaltyEdit

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Awards made to imperial princes while livingEdit

Posthumous awards to imperial princesEdit

Posthumous award to foreign royaltyEdit

Award to foreign royaltyEdit

Awards of the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum to members of the Imperial Family and royaltyEdit

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Awards made to imperial princes while livingEdit

Posthumous awards to imperial princesEdit

Awards to foreign royaltyEdit

Ordinary awards of the Collar of the Order of the ChrysanthemumEdit

File:Tōgō Heihachirō.jpg
Marshal-Admiral Marquis Tōgō Heihachirō, with the Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum. Tōgō was one of only seven subjects to whom the Collar was awarded while living.

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Awards made to living individualsEdit

Posthumous awardsEdit

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Ordinary awards of the Grand Cordon of the Order of the ChrysanthemumEdit

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Awards made to living recipientsEdit

File:Tsugumichi Saigo 2.jpg
Marquis Saigō Tsugumichi

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* : Later awarded the Collar
⁑ : Posthumously awarded the Collar

Posthumous awardsEdit

File:Masayoshi Ohira 19790120.jpg
Masayoshi Ōhira
* : Awarded with the Collar<ref name = "nhk110722"/>

Foreign recipients of the Order of the ChrysanthemumEdit

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CollarEdit

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Grand CordonEdit

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Collar (deceased)Edit

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Queen Elizabeth II
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Dwight D. Eisenhower

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Grand Cordon (deceased)Edit

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Benito Mussolini

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See alsoEdit

NotesEdit

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ReferencesEdit

CitationsEdit

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SourcesEdit

External linksEdit

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Template:Honors and decorations of Japan

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