1455

The Gutenberg Bible is printed.

EventsEdit

January 8 – Pope Nicholas V publishes Romanus Pontifex, an encyclical addressed to King Afonso V of Portugal, which sanctions the conquest of non-Christian lands, and the reduction of native non-Christian populations to 'perpetual slavery'. (Later there will be a dramatic reversal when, in 1537, the bull Sublimis Deus of Pope Paul III forbids the enslavement of non-Christians.)
February 23 – The Gutenberg Bible is the first book printed with movable type.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
April 8 – Pope Calixtus III succeeds Pope Nicholas V, as the 209th pope.
Spring – The Wars of the Roses begin in England.
May 1 – Battle of Arkinholm: Forces loyal to King James II of Scotland defeat the supporters of the Earl of Douglas.
May 22 – First Battle of St Albans: Richard, Duke of York, defeats and captures King Henry VI of England.<ref name=Sadler>Template:Cite book</ref>
July 14 – Thirteen Years' War: a decisive victory by the Teutonic Order during the Battle for Kneiphof,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> a war they would eventually lose with the signing of Thorn.
November 15 – The conflict between Vladislav II of Wallachia and John Hunyadi escalates, so the latter decides to support Vlad the Impaler for the throne of Wallachia, the following year.

January 9 – William IV, Duke of Jülich-Berg, Count of Ravensberg (d. 1511)
January 29 – Johann Reuchlin, German-born humanist and scholar (d. 1522)
February 2 – King John of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden (d. 1513)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
March 3
- King John II of Portugal (d. 1495)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Ascanio Sforza, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1505)
March 15 – Pietro Accolti, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1532)
April 17 – Andrea Gritti, Doge of Venice (d. 1538)<ref name="BDI">Template:DBI</ref>
May 16 – Wolfgang I of Oettingen, German count (d. 1522)
June 1 – Anne of Savoy, Savoy royal (d. 1480)
July 9 – Frederick IV of Baden, Dutch bishop (d. 1517)
July 15 – Queen Yun, Korean queen (d. 1482)
August 2 – John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1499)
August 15 – George, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1503)
November 9 – John V, Count of Nassau-Siegen, Stadtholder of Guelders and Zutphen (d. 1516)
date unknown
- Peter Vischer the Elder, German sculptor (approximate date) (d. 1529)
- Estefania Carròs i de Mur, Spanish educator (approximate date) (d. 1511)
- Raden Patah, Javanese sultan, founder of the Demak Sultanate (d. 1518)
- María de Ajofrín, Spanish visionary (d. 1489)
- Nicholas Barnham, English knight, killed in the War of the Roses (d. 1485)
- Angelo da Vallombrosa, Italian jurist and abbot (d. 1530)

February 18 – Fra Angelico, Italian painter (b. 1395)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
March 24 – Pope Nicholas V (b. 1397)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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April 1 – Zbigniew Oleśnicki, Polish Catholic cardinal and statesman (b. 1389)
May 1 – Archibald Douglas, Earl of Moray (in battle)
May 22 (killed at the First Battle of St Albans):
- Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, Lancastrian commander (b. 1393)<ref name=Sadler/>
- Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, Lancastrian commander (b. 1406)<ref name=Sadler/>
- Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron de Clifford, Lancastrian commander (b. 1414)<ref name=Sadler/>
September 3 – Alonso Tostado, Spanish Catholic bishop
October 22 – Johannes Brassart, Flemish composer
October 28 – Guillaume-Hugues d'Estaing, French Catholic cardinal
December 1 – Lorenzo Ghiberti, Italian sculptor and metal smith (b. 1378)
December 2 – Isabel of Coimbra, queen of Portugal (b. 1432)