1573
Template:Use mdy dates Template:About year Template:Year nav
Template:C16 year in topic Year 1573 (MDLXXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.
EventsEdit
January–MarchEdit
- January 25 (22nd day of 12th month of Genki 3 – At the Battle of Mikatagahara in Japan, Takeda Shingen defeats Tokugawa Ieyasu.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- January 28
- Articles of the Warsaw Confederation are signed, sanctioning religious freedom in Poland.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- The Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt, started by Matija Gubec, breaks out against the Croatian nobility, but is suppressed after 18 days.<ref name=Klaic>Vjekoslav Klaić, History of the Croats, Volume 5 (Matica hrvatska, 1988) p.375</ref>
- February 2 – The Wanli Era begins in Ming dynasty China on the first New Year after 9-year-old Zhu Yijun ascends the throne.
- February 6 – In the battle of Kerestinec, General Gašpar Alapić defeats the rebel troops led by Gubec.<ref name=Klaic/>
- February 9 – Croatian troops, led by General Alapic, defeat the peasant rebellion in the Battle of Stubica, then begin a violent campaign of vengeance against the conquered rebels.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Rebellion leaders Matija Gubec and Ivan Pasanec are taken as prisoners of war for a trial for treason at Zagreb.
- February 11 – Fourth War of Religion: France's Marshal Henri de Montmorency, begins the Siege of Sommières in southern France. The Huguenots, French Protestants, hold out for almost two months against Montmorency's Catholic troops.
- February 15 – On orders of the Croatian Viceroy Juraj Drašković, Matija Gubec, the defeated leader of the Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt is publicly tortured with the placement of a red-hot iron crown on his head, dragged through the streets of Zagreb, and then dismembered.<ref>Oto Lothar et al.The Land Between: A History of Slovenia (Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2008) p.214</ref>
- February 16–March – The siege of Noda Castle begins near what is now the city of Shinshiro in Japan, after the leader of the Takeda clan, the warlord Takeda Shingen, is shot by a sniper after offering generous terms of surrender to the Tokugawa clan, led by Tokugawa Ieyasu. By March 10, the Noda Castle surrenders.<ref>Stephen Turnbull, Battles of the Samurai (Arms and Armour Press, 1987) p.78</ref>
- February 23– In the province of Munster in Ireland, the first Desmond Rebellion, led by James FitzMaurice FitzGerald, cousin of the Earl of Desmond, ends at Kilmallock as FitzGerald makes a humiliating surrender to John Perrot, the provincial leader.<ref>"Desmond, Gerald Fitzgerald, 15th Earl of", Encyclopædia Britannica Vol. 8 (11th ed.), ed. by Hugh Chisholm (Cambridge University Press, 1911) pp. 98–99</ref>
- March 7 – The Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573) is ended by a peace treaty, confirming the transfer of control of Cyprus from the Republic of Venice to the Ottoman Empire,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and also confirming Turkish occupation of the more fertile region of Dalmatia.
April–JuneEdit
- April 1 – On his expedition to the New World, Francis Drake and his crew make their most lucrative capture by seizing a wagon train of silver at Panama, near the settlement of Nombre de Dios.<ref>John Sugden, Sir Francis Drake (Pimlico Press, 1990) pp. 72-73</ref><ref>N. A. M. Rodger, The Safeguard of the Sea: A Naval History of Britain 660–1649 (Penguin UK, 2004) p.lxxxiii</ref>
- April 5 – 1573 Polish–Lithuanian royal election: Polish and Lithuanian nobles gather at Warsaw to elect a successor to King Sigismund II Augustus, who had died the previous July 7.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The vote comes down to four candidates, from France, the Holy Roman Empire, Sweden and Russia.
- April 9 – The Siege of Sommières ends with the surrender of the Huguenot defenders, who are spared retaliation by General Montmorency, despite the loss of 2,500 royal troops.
- April 22 – Eighty Years' War: The Battle of Borsele is fought as a fleet of Spanish ships is intercepted by Dutch Calvinist rebels (the Geuzen). While some of the ships are able to complete their mission of supplying the Spanish-governed Netherlands cities of Middelburg and Arnemuiden, most are forced to retreat to Amberes in the Spanish Netherlands, now Antwerp in Belgium.
- May 16– The Henry, Duke of Anjou, son of the late King Henry II of France is elected to the throne of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by the Polish nobility, after being nominated on May 11.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
- May 26 – Battle of Haarlemmermeer: Geuzen ships, attempting to break the siege of Haarlem, are defeated by a combined Spanish and Amsterdam fleet.
- June 24 – After Henry, Duke of Anjou learns that he has been elected the King of Poland, he agrees to negotiate an end to the Siege of La Rochelle, which has continued for almost nine months against the Huguenots in the western French city, and reaches an agreement with the Huguenot defender, the Count of Montgomery.
July–SeptemberEdit
- July 6 – Córdoba, in the Viceroyalty of Peru, is founded by Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera.<ref name="Henderson2000">Template:Cite book</ref>
- July 11 – The Edict of Boulogne is signed by Charles IX of France, granting limited rights to Huguenots, and ending the Fourth War of Religion in France.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- July 12 – Siege of Haarlem: Spanish forces under the Duke of Alva capture Haarlem, after a seven-month siege.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- August 21 – The Duke of Alva begins the siege of Alkmaar in North Holland, before retreating after seven weeks.<ref name="alkmaar">Template:Cite book</ref>
- August 27 – Oda Nobunaga drives the 15th Ashikaga shōgun Ashikaga Yoshiaki out of Kyoto, effectively destroying the Ashikaga shogunate, and historically ending the Muromachi and Sengoku periods. The Azuchi–Momoyama period of Japan begins.
- September 16 – In Japan, elimination of the Asakura clan is completed by Oda Nobunaga after the siege of Hikida Castle and the siege of Ichijōdani Castle are completed in eight days.
- September 26 – The Azai clan is eliminated by Oda Nobunaga after the four day siege of Odani Castle in Japan.
October–DecemberEdit
- October 8 – The Spanish abandon the siege of the city of Alkmaar and concede the city to the Geuzen, the Dutch Calvinist rebels.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- October 11 – The Spanish under John of Austria take Tunis with little resistance.<ref>Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Crusades: A History (A&C Black, 2014)</ref>
- November 15 – Santa Fe, Argentina, is founded by Juan de Garay.<ref name="Henderson2000"/>
- November 29 – The Duke of Alva resigns as the Spanish Governor-General of the Netherlands, and is succeeded by Luis de Requesens, who attempts to pursue a more conciliatory policy.<ref>"Literature of Belgium and the Netherlands", in The Saturday Review (August 25, 1888) p. 246</ref>
- December 3 – The French Duke of Anjou, recently elected as King Henry of Poland, departs from Metz with an entourage of 1,200 people, arriving at Kraków on February 18.<ref>Norman Davies, God's Playground A History of Poland: Volume 1: The Origins to 1795 (Oxford University Press, ) p. 312</ref>
- December 11 – The Governor of Portuguese India issues an edict depriving Hindu followers of most rights, including the right to receive Jonoa, the share of the village community income.<ref>Manjul K. Agarwal, From Bharata to India: Volume 2: the Rape of Chrysee p.86</ref>
- December 17 – Portuguese colonists are expelled from the Maldives, where Portugal has had a presence since 1558, by order of the Sultan's son, Mohamed Bodu Takurufanu al-Azam.<ref>Ian Preston, A Political Chronology of Central, South and East Asia (Europa Publications, 2001) p.189</ref>
- December 23 – In the Republic of Venice, the Council of Ten votes to grant safe conduct to Venice for Spanish and Portuguese Jews.<ref>Alisa Meyuhas Ginio, Jews, Christians, and Muslims in the Mediterranean World After 1492 (Routledge, 2014) p. 123</ref>
Date unknownEdit
- Sarsa Dengel, emperor of Ethiopia, defeats the Oromo in a battle near Lake Zway.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- The first Spanish galleon, laden with silver for the porcelain and silk trade with the Ming Dynasty of China, lands at Manila in the Philippines.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> This occasion marks the beginning of the Spanish silver trade to China, that will trump that of the Portuguese, the latter of whom acted as an intermediary between the silver mines of Japan, and the luxury items in China to be purchased with that silver. Most of the silver entering China comes from what is now Mexico, Bolivia, and Peru in the New World.
- The Luzhou Laojiao liquor is made.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School for Boys, Barnet, England, is formed.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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BirthsEdit
- January 10 – Simon Marius, German astronomer (d. 1624)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- January 18 – Ambrosius Bosschaert, still life painter of the Dutch Golden Age (d. 1621)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- January 20 – Alexander, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (d. 1627)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- January 22 – Ludwig Camerarius, German politician (d. 1651)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- January 30 – Georg Friedrich, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1604–1622) (d. 1638)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- February 28 – Elias Holl, German architect (d. 1646)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- March 12 – Agnes Hedwig of Anhalt, Abbess of Gernrode, Electress of Saxony, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderborg-Plön (d. 1616)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- March 24 – Giovanni Doria, Spanish noble (d. 1642)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- April 6 – Margaret of Brunswick-Lüneburg, German noble (d. 1643)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- April 12 – Jacques Bonfrère, Flemish Jesuit priest, biblical scholar (d. 1642)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- April 13 – Christina of Holstein-Gottorp, Queen of Sweden (d. 1625)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- April 17 – Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria (d. 1651)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- April 28 – Charles de Valois, Duke of Angoulême, natural son of Charles IX of France (d. 1650)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- May 12 – Henri, Duke of Montpensier, French noble (d. 1608)
- May 13 – Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani, Mughal empress (d. 1619)<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
- June 12 – Robert Radclyffe, 5th Earl of Sussex, British Earl (d. 1629)
- June 16 – Andries de Witt, Grand Pensionary of Holland (d. 1637)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- June 28 – Henry Danvers, 1st Earl of Danby, English noble (d. 1643)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- July 12 – Pietro Carrera, Italian priest, painter and saint (d. 1647)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- July 14 – Bonaventure Hepburn, Scottish philologist and Minim friar (d. 1620)<ref>Template:Cite ODNB</ref>
- July 15 – Inigo Jones, English architect (d. 1652)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- July 18 – Odoardo Fialetti, Italian painter (d. 1638)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- July 25 – Christoph Scheiner, German astronomer and Jesuit (d. 1650)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- July 29 – Philip II, Duke of Pomerania-Stettin (d. 1618)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- August 16 – Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland (d. 1598)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- August 25 – Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, German regent (d. 1626)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- September 8 – Georg Friedrich von Greiffenklau, Archbishop of Mainz (d. 1629)
- September 28 – Théodore de Mayerne, Swiss physician (d. 1654)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- September 29 – Robert Payne, English politician (d. 1631)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- October 6 – Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton (d. 1624)<ref>Template:Cite ODNB</ref>
- October 7 – William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1645)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- October 11 – Jacobus Boonen, Dutch Catholic archbishop (d. 1655)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- November 3 – Catherine of Lorraine, Abbess of Remiremont (d. 1648)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- November 29 – Johannes Canuti Lenaeus, archbishop of Uppsala (d. 1669)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- November 30 – Aubert Miraeus, Belgian historian (d. 1640)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- December 7 – Odoardo Farnese, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1626)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- December 21 – Mathurin Régnier, French satirist (d. 1613)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- December 22 – Ernest Casimir I, Count of Nassau-Dietz (1606–1632) and Stadtholder of Groningen, Friesland and Drenthe (1625–1632) (d. 1632)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- December 23 – Giovanni Battista Crespi, Italian painter (d. 1632)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- date unknown
- Gabrielle d'Estrées, French royal mistress (d. 1599)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Richard Johnson, English romance writer (d. 1659)
- Johannes Junius, Burgomeister of Bamberg (d. 1628)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Oeyo, wife of Tokugawa Hidetada (d. 1626)
- Sigismund Báthory, Prince of Transylvania and of the Holy Roman Empire (d. 1613)
- approximate year
- June – Joan Pau Pujol, Catalan composer and organist (d. 1626)
DeathsEdit
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- January 1
- Hans Boije af Gennäs, Swedish commander
- Johann Pfeffinger, German theologian (b. 1493)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- January 12 – William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham, English Lord High Admiral (b. 1510)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- February 7 – Hedwig Jagiellon, Electress of Brandenburg (b. 1513)
- March 2 – Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (b. 1530)
- March 3 – Claude, Duke of Aumale, third son of Claude, Duke of Guise (b. 1526)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- March 13 – Michel de l'Hôpital, French statesman (b. 1505)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- March 17 – Maria van Schooten, Dutch war heroine (b. 1555)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- April 2 – Otto Truchsess von Waldburg, German Catholic cardinal (b. 1514)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- April 7 – Andreas Masius, Flemish Catholic priest (b. 1514)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- April 29 – Guillaume Le Testu, French privateer (b. 1509)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- May 13 – Takeda Shingen, Japanese warlord (b. 1521)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- June 15 – Antun Vrančić, Croatian archbishop (b. 1504)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- July – Étienne Jodelle, French dramatist and poet (b. 1532)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- July 7 – Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, Italian architect (b. 1507)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- July 16 – Wigbolt Ripperda, mayor of Haarlem, Netherlands<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- July 29
- John Caius, English physician (b. 1510)<ref>Template:Cite ODNB</ref>
- Ruy Gómez de Silva, Portuguese noble (b. 1516)
- August 14 – Saitō Tatsuoki, Japanese warlord (b. 1548)
- September 7 – Joanna of Austria, Princess of Portugal (b. 1535)
- September 16 – Asakura Yoshikage, Japanese warlord (b. 1533)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- September 23 – Azai Hisamasa, Japanese warlord (b. 1526)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- September 26 – Azai Nagamasa, Japanese warlord (b. 1545)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- October 27 – Laurentius Petri, first Lutheran Archbishop of Sweden (b. 1499)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- November 9 – Shimazu Katsuhisa, Japanese nobleman (b. 1503)
- November 17 – Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda, Spanish philosopher and theologian (b. 1494)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- December 30 – Giovanni Battista Giraldi, Italian novelist and poet (b. 1504)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- date unknown
- Paul Skalich, Croatian encyclopedist (b. 1534)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Reginald Wolfe, English printer
- February 3 – Murakami Yoshikiyo, Japanese warlord (b. 1501)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- Richard Grafton, English merchant and printer (b. c.1506/7)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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