Amazon (company)

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Amazon.com, Inc.,<ref name=10K /> doing business as Amazon (Template:IPAc-en, Template:Respell; Template:IPAc-en, Template:Respell), is an American multinational technology company engaged in e-commerce, cloud computing, online advertising, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Founded in 1994 by Jeff Bezos in Bellevue, Washington,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> the company originally started as an online marketplace for books but gradually expanded its offerings to include a wide range of product categories, referred to as "The Everything Store".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Today, Amazon is considered one of the Big Five American technology companies, the other four being Alphabet,Template:Efn Apple, Meta,Template:Efn and Microsoft.

The company has multiple subsidiaries, including Amazon Web Services, providing cloud computing; Zoox, a self-driving car division; Kuiper Systems, a satellite Internet provider; and Amazon Lab126, a computer hardware R&D provider. Other subsidiaries include Ring, Twitch, IMDb, and Whole Foods Market. Its acquisition of Whole Foods in August 2017 for Template:USD13.4 billion substantially increased its market share and presence as a physical retailer.<ref name="wf">Template:Cite press release</ref> Amazon also distributes a variety of downloadable and streaming content through its Amazon Prime Video, MGM+, Amazon Music, Twitch, Audible and Wondery<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> units. It publishes books through its publishing arm, Amazon Publishing, produces and distributes film and television content through Amazon MGM Studios, including the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio it acquired in March 2022, and owns Brilliance Audio and Audible, which produce and distribute audiobooks, respectively. Amazon also produces consumer electronics—most notably, Kindle e-readers, Echo devices, Fire tablets, and Fire TVs.

Amazon has a reputation as a disruptor of industries through technological innovation and aggressive reinvestment of profits into capital expenditures.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Template:As of, it is the world's largest online retailer and marketplace, smart speaker provider, cloud computing service through AWS,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> live-streaming service through Twitch, and Internet company as measured by revenue and market share.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2021, it surpassed Walmart as the world's largest retailer outside of China, driven in large part by its paid subscription plan, Amazon Prime, which has 200 million subscribers worldwide.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It is the second-largest private employer in the United States<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and the second-largest company in the world and in the U.S. by revenue as of 2024 (after Walmart).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> As of October 2024, Amazon is the 12th-most visited website in the world and 84% of its traffic comes from the United States.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="auto5">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Amazon is also the global leader in research and development spending, with R&D expenditure of US$73 billion in 2022.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Amazon has been criticized on various grounds, including but not limited to customer data collection practices, a toxic work culture, censorship, tax avoidance, and anti-competitive practices.

History

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1994–2009

File:Amazon's founding site in Bellevue, Washington - exterior.jpg

Jeff Bezos's home in Bellevue, Washington, where the company was founded in 1994

Amazon was founded on July 5, 1994, by Jeff Bezos after he relocated from New York City to Bellevue, Washington, near Seattle, to operate an online bookstore. Bezos chose the Seattle area for its abundance of technical talent from Microsoft and the University of Washington, as well as its smaller population for sales tax purposes and the proximity to a major book distribution warehouse in Roseburg, Oregon. Bezos also considered several other options, including Portland, Oregon, and Boulder, Colorado.<ref name="SeattleTimes-25">Template:Cite news</ref> The company, originally named Cadabra, was founded in the converted garage of Bezos's house for symbolic reasons and was renamed to Amazon in November 1994.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Amazon website launched for public sales on July 16, 1995, and initially sourced its books directly from wholesalers and publishers.<ref name="SeattleTimes-25"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Amazon went public in May 1997. It began selling music and videos in 1998, and began international operations by acquiring online sellers of books in the United Kingdom and Germany. In the subsequent year, it initiated the sale of a diverse range of products, including music, video games, consumer electronics, home improvement items, software, games, and toys.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2002, it launched Amazon Web Services (AWS), which initially focused on providing APIs for web developers to build web applications on top of Amazon's ecommerce platform.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref><ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> In 2004, AWS was expanded to provide website popularity statistics and web crawler data from the Alexa Web Information Service.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> AWS later shifted toward providing enterprise services with Simple Storage Service (S3) in 2006,<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> and Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) in 2008,<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> allowing companies to rent data storage and computing power from Amazon. In 2006, Amazon also launched the Fulfillment by Amazon program, which allowed individuals and small companies (called "third-party sellers") to sell products through Amazon's warehouses and fulfillment infrastructure.<ref name=amazon-fulfill-press>Template:Cite press release</ref>

2010–present

Amazon purchased the Whole Foods Market supermarket chain in 2017.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It is the leading e-retailer in the United States with approximately US$178 billion net sales in 2017. It has over 300 million active customer accounts globally.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

Amazon saw large growth during the COVID-19 pandemic, hiring more than 100,000 staff in the United States and Canada.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Some Amazon workers in the US, France, and Italy protested the company's decision to "run normal shifts" due to COVID-19's ease of spread in warehouses.<ref name="auto">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="FTMarch19">Template:Cite news</ref> In Spain, the company faced legal complaints over its policies,<ref name="BBCMarch31">Template:Cite news</ref> while a group of US Senators wrote an open letter to Bezos expressing concerns about workplace safety.<ref name="TheVergeMarch31">Template:Cite news</ref>

On February 2, 2021, Bezos announced that he would step down as CEO to become executive chair of Amazon's board. The transition officially took place on July 5, 2021, with former CEO of AWS Andy Jassy replacing him as CEO.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In January 2023, Amazon cut over 18,000 jobs, primarily in consumer retail and its human resources division in an attempt to cut costs.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On November 8, 2023, a plan was adopted for Jeff Bezos to sell approximately 50 million shares of the company over the next year (the deadline for the entire sales plan is January 31, 2025). The first step was the sale of 12 million shares for about $2 billion.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On February 26, 2024, Amazon became a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>

On December 19, 2024, Amazon workers, led by the International Brotherhood of Teamsters labor union, went on strike against Amazon in at least four US states, with workers in other facilities in the United States being welcomed to join the strike as well.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On April 2, 2025, it was reported by various media outlets that Amazon had made a bid to buy the social media platform TikTok in order to save the platform from facing a US ban set to take effect on Saturday, April 5, 2025. The cost of the bid has yet to be announced.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Products and services

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Amazon.com

Amazon.com is an e-commerce platform that sells many product lines, including media (books, movies, music, and software), apparel, baby products, consumer electronics, beauty products, gourmet food, groceries, health and personal care products, industrial & scientific supplies, kitchen items, jewelry, watches, lawn and garden items, musical instruments, sporting goods, tools, automotive items, toys and games, and farm supplies<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and consulting services.<ref name="Rai">Template:Cite news</ref> Amazon websites are country-specific (for example, amazon.com for the US and amazon.co.uk for UK) though some offer international shipping.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Visits to amazon.com grew from 615 million annual visitors in 2008,<ref>SnapShot of amazon.com, amazonsellers.com, walmart.com Template:Webarchive. Retrieved April 12, 2008.</ref> to more than 2 billion per month in 2022.Template:Citation needed The e-commerce platform is the 12th most visited website in the world.<ref name="auto5"/>

In February 2024, Amazon announced its first chatbot was first “Rufus” in the US and in July, it was widely available to all customers in the US.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

“Rufus” is now available in the US, India and the UK which helps the shoppers get product recommendations, get shopping list advice, compare products and see what other customers have responded to their specific questions.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Results generated by Amazon's search engine are partly determined by promotional fees.<ref name="New Yorker">Template:Cite magazine</ref> The company's localized storefronts, which differ in selection and prices, are differentiated by top-level domain and country code:

File:Amazon Marketplaces worldwide.svg

Amazon Marketplaces worldwideTemplate:LegendTemplate:Legend

Sales by country (2023)<ref name=":2" />

Country	share
United States	69.3%
Germany	6.5%
United Kingdom	5.8%
Japan	4.8%
Other	13.6%

Region	Country	Domain name	Since	Languages	Notes
rowspan="2" Template:Rh2 class="rh heading table-rh" | Africa	Template:Rh class="table-rh" | Template:Small	amazon.eg	Template:Sort	Arabic, English	Formerly known as Souq.com Egypt
Template:Rh class="table-rh" | Template:Small	amazon.co.za	Template:Sort	English
rowspan="4" Template:Rh2 class="rh heading table-rh" | Americas	Template:Rh class="table-rh" | Template:Small	amazon.com.br	Template:Sort	Portuguese
Template:Rh class="table-rh" | Template:Small	amazon.ca	Template:Sort	English, French
Template:Rh class="table-rh" | Template:Small	amazon.com.mx	Template:Sort	Spanish
Template:Rh class="table-rh" | Template:Small	amazon.com	Template:Sort	English, Spanish, Arabic, German, Hebrew, Korean, Portuguese, Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional)	International customers without a localized Amazon website may purchase eBooks from the Kindle Store on Amazon US.<ref name="buy-ebooks-on-amazon-us">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
rowspan="7" Template:Rh2 scope="row" class="rh heading table-rh" | Asia	Template:Rh class="table-rh" | Template:Small	amazon.cn	Template:Sort	Chinese (Simplified)	Formerly known as Joyo.com CHN
Template:Rh class="table-rh" | Template:Small	amazon.in	Template:Sort	English, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Bengali, Marathi
Template:Rh class="table-rh" | Template:Small	amazon.co.jp	Template:Sort	Japanese, English, Chinese (Simplified)
Template:Rh class="table-rh" | Template:Small	amazon.sa	Template:Sort	Arabic, English	Formerly known as Souq.com KSA
Template:Rh class="table-rh" | Template:Small	amazon.sg	Template:Sort	English
Template:Rh class="table-rh" | Template:Small	amazon.com.tr	Template:Sort	Turkish
Template:Rh class="table-rh" | Template:Small	amazon.ae	Template:Sort	Arabic, English	Formerly known as Souq.com UAE
rowspan="10" Template:Rh2 scope="row" class="rh heading table-rh" | Europe	Template:Rh class="table-rh" | Template:Small	amazon.com.be	Template:Sort	Dutch, French, English
Template:Rh class="table-rh" | Template:Small	amazon.fr	Template:Sort	French, English
Template:Rh class="table-rh" | Template:Small	amazon.de	Template:Sort	German, English, Czech, Dutch, Polish, Turkish	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Denmark<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Switzerland<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Rh class="table-rh" | Template:Small	amazon.ie	Template:Sort	English
Template:Rh class="table-rh" | Template:Small	amazon.it	Template:Sort	Italian, English
Template:Rh class="table-rh" | Template:Small	amazon.nl	Template:Sort	Dutch, English	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Rh class="table-rh" | Template:Small	amazon.pl	Template:Sort	Polish
Template:Rh class="table-rh" | Template:Small	amazon.es	Template:Sort	Spanish, Portuguese, English	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Rh class="table-rh" | Template:Small	amazon.se	Template:Sort	Swedish, English
Template:Rh class="table-rh" | Template:Small	amazon.co.uk	Template:Sort	English
Template:Rh2 class="rh heading table-rh" | Oceania	Template:Rh class="table-rh" | Template:Small	amazon.com.au	Template:Sort	English	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Merchant partnerships

In 2000, US toy retailer Toys "R" Us entered into a 10-year agreement with Amazon, valued at $50 million per year plus a cut of sales, under which Toys "R" Us would be the exclusive supplier of toys and baby products on the service, and the chain's website would redirect to Amazon's Toys & Games category. In 2004, Toys "R" Us sued Amazon, claiming that because of a perceived lack of variety in Toys "R" Us stock, Amazon had knowingly allowed third-party sellers to offer items on the service in categories that Toys "R" Us had been granted exclusivity. In 2006, a court ruled in favor of Toys "R" Us, giving it the right to unwind its agreement with Amazon and establish its independent e-commerce website. The company was later awarded $51 million in damages.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2001, Amazon entered into a similar agreement with Borders, under which Amazon would comanage Borders.com as a co-branded service.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Borders pulled out of the arrangement in 2007, with plans to also launch its own online store.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On October 18, 2011, Amazon.com announced a partnership with DC Comics for the exclusive digital rights to many popular comics, including Superman, Batman, Green Lantern, Sandman, and Watchmen. The partnership has caused well-known bookstores like Barnes & Noble to remove these titles from their shelves.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In November 2013, Amazon announced a partnership with the United States Postal Service to begin delivering orders on Sundays. The service, included in Amazon's standard shipping rates, initiated in metropolitan areas of Greater Los Angeles and New York because of the high-volume and inability to deliver in a timely way, with plans to expand into Dallas, Houston, New Orleans and Phoenix by 2014.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In June 2017, Nike agreed to sell products through Amazon in exchange for better policing of counterfeit goods.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="CNBC">Template:Cite news</ref> This proved unsuccessful and Nike withdrew from the partnership in November 2019.<ref name="CNBC" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Companies including IKEA and Birkenstock also stopped selling through Amazon around the same time, citing similar frustrations over business practices and counterfeit goods.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In September 2017, Amazon ventured with one of its sellers JV Appario Retail owned by Patni Group which has recorded a total income of US$104.44 million (₹759 crore) in financial year 2017–2018.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Template:As of, Amazon Fresh sold a range of Booths branded products for home delivery in selected areas.<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Cbignore</ref>

In November 2018, Amazon reached an agreement with Apple Inc. to sell selected products through the service, via the company and selected Apple Authorized Resellers. As a result of this partnership, only Apple Authorized Resellers may sell Apple products on Amazon effective January 4, 2019.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On November 7, 2024, Amazon is reportedly discussing a second multi-billion dollar investment in AI startup Anthropic, following its initial $4 billion investment.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Private-label products

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Amazon sells many products under its own brand names, including phone chargers, batteries, and diaper wipes. The AmazonBasics brand was introduced in 2009, and now features hundreds of product lines, including smartphone cases, computer mice, batteries, dumbbells, and dog crates. Amazon owned 34 private-label brands as of 2019. These brands account for 0.15% of Amazon's global sales, whereas the average for other large retailers is 18%.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Other Amazon retail brands include Presto!, Mama Bear, and Amazon Essentials.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

• Amazon Basics Stapler.jpg

  Amazon Basics stapler

• Amazon Basics USB cable.jpg

  Amazon Basics USB cable

• Battery (41237054591).jpg

  Amazon Basics battery

• Amazon Basics Disinfecting Wipes.jpg

  Amazon Basics disinfecting wipes

Third-party sellers

Amazon derives many of its sales (around 40% in 2008) from third-party sellers who sell products on Amazon.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Some other large e-commerce sellers use Amazon to sell their products in addition to selling them through their websites. The sales are processed through Amazon.com and end up at individual sellers for processing and order fulfillment and Amazon leases space for these retailers. Small sellers of used and new goods go to Amazon Marketplace to offer goods at a fixed price.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Affiliate program

Publishers can sign up as affiliates and receive a commission for referring customers to Amazon by placing links to Amazon on their websites if the referral results in a sale. Worldwide, Amazon has "over 900,000 members" in its affiliate programs.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the middle of 2014, the Amazon Affiliate Program is used by 1.2% of all websites and it is the second most popular advertising network after Google Ads.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It is frequently used by websites and non-profits to provide a way for supporters to earn them a commission.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Associates can access the Amazon catalog directly on their websites by using the Amazon Web Services (AWS) XML service. A new affiliate product, aStore, allows Associates to embed a subset of Amazon products within another website, or linked to another website. In June 2010, Amazon Seller Product Suggestions was launched to provide more transparency to sellers by recommending specific products to third-party sellers to sell on Amazon. Products suggested are based on customers' browsing history.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Product reviews

Template:See also Amazon allows users to submit reviews to the web page of each product. Reviewers must rate the product on a rating scale from one to five stars. Amazon provides a badging option for reviewers which indicates the real name of the reviewer (based on confirmation of a credit card account) or which indicates that the reviewer is one of the top reviewers by popularity. As of December 16, 2020, Amazon removed the ability of sellers and customers to comment on product reviews and purged their websites of all posted product review comments. In an email to sellers, Amazon gave its rationale for removing this feature: "...the comments feature on customer reviews was rarely used." The remaining review response options are to indicate whether the reader finds the review helpful or to report that it violates Amazon policies (abuse). If a review is given enough "helpful" hits, it appears on the front page of the product. In 2010, Amazon was reported as being the largest single source of Internet consumer reviews.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>

When publishers asked Bezos why Amazon would publish negative reviews, he defended the practice by claiming that Amazon.com was "taking a different approach...we want to make every book available—the good, the bad and the ugly...to let truth loose".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

There have been cases of positive reviews being written and posted by public relations companies on behalf of their clients<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and instances of writers using pseudonyms to leave negative reviews of their rivals' works.

Amazon sales rank

The Amazon sales rank (ASR) indicates the popularity of a product sold on any Amazon locale. It is a relative indicator of popularity that is updated hourly. Effectively, it is a "best sellers list" for the millions of products stocked by Amazon.<ref name="amazon">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> While the ASR has no direct effect on the sales of a product, it is used by Amazon to determine which products to include in its bestsellers lists.<ref name="amazon" /> Products that appear in these lists enjoy additional exposure on the Amazon website and this may lead to an increase in sales. In particular, products that experience large jumps (up or down) in their sales ranks may be included within Amazon's lists of "movers and shakers"; such a listing provides additional exposure that might lead to an increase in sales.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> For competitive reasons, Amazon does not release actual sales figures to the public. However, Amazon has now begun to release point of sale data via the BookScan service to verified authors.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> While the ASR has been the source of much speculation by publishers, manufacturers, and marketers, Amazon itself does not release the details of its sales rank calculation algorithm. Some companies have analyzed Amazon sales data to generate sales estimates based on the ASR,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> though Amazon states:

Please keep in mind that our sales rank figures are simply meant to be a guide of general interest for the customer and not definitive sales information for publishers—we assume you have this information regularly from your distribution sources{{#if:Amazon.com Help<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>|{{#if:|}}

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Physical stores

File:Amazon Fresh Shop Sevenoaks (52626225962).jpg

Amazon Fresh store in Sevenoaks, United Kingdom

In November 2015, Amazon opened a physical Amazon Books store in University Village in Seattle. The store was 5,500 square feet and prices for all products matched those on its website.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite news</ref> Amazon opened its tenth physical bookstore in 2017;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> media speculation at the time suggested that Amazon planned to eventually roll out 300 to 400 bookstores around the country.<ref name=":1" /> All of its locations were closed in 2022 along with other retail locations under the "Amazon 4-Star" brand.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In July 2016, the company announced that it was opening a Template:Cvt square foot facility in Palmer Township in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania. As of 2024, Amazon is Lehigh Valley region's third-largest employer.<ref>"Amazon opening new Lehigh Valley facility, creating over 500 new jobs" Template:Webarchive, Lehigh Valley Economic Development</ref><ref>"Lehigh Valley's Largest Private-Sector Employers" Template:Webarchive, Lehigh Valley Economic Development</ref>

In August 2019, Amazon applied to have a liquor store in San Francisco, as a means to ship beer and alcohol within the city.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2020, Amazon Fresh opened several physical stores in the US and the United Kingdom.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Hardware and services

File:Kindle Fire tablet HD 8 Plus - 2.jpg

Amazon Fire tablet

Amazon has a number of products and services available, including its digital assistant Alexa, Amazon Music, and Prime Video for music and videos respectively, the Amazon Appstore for Android apps, the Kindle line of electronic paper e-readers, Fire and Fire HD color LCD tablets. Audible provides audiobooks for purchase and listening.

In September 2021, Amazon announced the launch of Astro, its first household robot, powered by its Alexa smart home technology. This can be remote-controlled when not at home, to check on pets, people, or home security. It will send owners a notification if it detects something unusual.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In January 2023, Amazon announced the launch of RXPass, a prescription drug delivery service. It allows U.S. Amazon Prime members to pay a $5 monthly fee for access to 60 medications. The service was launched immediately after the announcement except in states with specific prescription delivery requirements. Beneficiaries of government healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid will not be able to sign up for RXPass.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Subsidiaries

Template:See also Amazon owns over 100 subsidiaries, including Amazon Web Services, Audible, Diapers.com, Goodreads, IMDb, Kiva Systems (now Amazon Robotics), One Medical, Shopbop, Teachstreet, Twitch, Zappos, and Zoox.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Bezos separately owns The Washington Post (through Nash Holdings, LLC), Blue Origin, Bezos Expeditions, Altos Labs, and other companies.

Amazon Live

Template:Infobox website Amazon Live is an American video e-commerce live-streaming service created by Amazon Inc. to compete with live-streaming services. The service allows users to stream live videos promoting or sponsoring products.<ref name="AmazonLive">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Users (mainly celebrities or Internet influencers) have the option to livestream on Amazon and add tags to additionally add context to the products they're selling or promoting. Other users can join in and type in messages to send to a global chat on the livestream.<ref name="AmazonLive" />

In 2019 Amazon launched an integrated platform into the Amazon website and application. In 2023 roughly a billion total viewers watch Amazon Live across the United States and India. The platform has also been integrated into Amazon Freevee and Amazon Prime Video.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Amazon Web Services

File:AWS - Amazon Web Services Office in Houston, Texas (46600198075).jpg

Amazon Web Services, HOU-14

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Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a subsidiary of Amazon that provides on-demand cloud computing platforms and APIs to individuals, companies, and governments, on a metered pay-as-you-go basis. These cloud computing web services provide distributed computing processing capacity and software tools via AWS server farms. As of 2021 Q4, AWS has 33% market share for cloud infrastructure while the next two competitors Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud have 21%, and 10% respectively, according to Synergy Group.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Audible

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Audible is a seller and producer of spoken audio entertainment, information, and educational programming on the Internet. Audible sells digital audiobooks, radio and television programs, and audio versions of magazines and newspapers. Through its production arm, Audible Studios, Audible has also become the world's largest producer of downloadable audiobooks. On January 31, 2008, Amazon announced it would buy Audible for about $300 million. The deal closed in March 2008 and Audible became a subsidiary of Amazon.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Goodreads

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Goodreads is a "social cataloging" website founded in December 2006 and launched in January 2007 by Otis Chandler, a software engineer, and entrepreneur, and Elizabeth Khuri. The website allows individuals to freely search Goodreads' extensive user-populated database of books, annotations, and reviews. Users can sign up and register books to generate library catalogs and reading lists. They can also create their groups of book suggestions and discussions. In December 2007, the site had over 650,000 members, and over a million books had been added. Amazon bought the company in March 2013.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref>

Ring

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Ring is a home automation company founded by Jamie Siminoff in 2013. It is primarily known for its Wi-Fi powered smart doorbells, but manufactures other devices such as security cameras. Amazon bought Ring for US$1 billion in 2018.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Twitch

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

File:E3 – 2014 (23113432796).jpg

Twitch at the Electronic Entertainment Expo

Twitch is a live streaming platform for video, primarily oriented towards video gaming content. Twitch was acquired by Amazon in August 2014 for $970 million.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The site's rapid growth had been boosted primarily by the prominence of major esports competitions on the service, leading GameSpot senior esports editor Rod Breslau to have described the service as "the ESPN of esports".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Template:As of, the service had over 1.5 million broadcasters and 100 million monthly viewers.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Whole Foods Market

File:Whole Foods Market Cranbrook Village Ann Arbor Michigan.JPG

Whole Foods Market store in Ann Arbor, Michigan

Whole Foods Market is an American supermarket chain exclusively featuring foods without artificial preservatives, colors, flavors, sweeteners, and hydrogenated fats.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Amazon acquired Whole Foods for $13.7 billion in August 2017.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="wf" />

Since acquiring Whole Foods, the company has launched its own chain of Fresh supermarkets and taken steps to integrate its online and physical grocery operations.

Other

Other Amazon subsidiaries include:

• A9.com, a company focused on researching and building innovative technology; it has been a subsidiary since 2003.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
• Amazon Academy, formerly JEE Ready, is an online learning platform for engineering students to prepare for competitive exams like the Joint Entrance Examination (JEE), launched by Amazon India on 13 January 2021
• Amazon Maritime, Inc. holds a Federal Maritime Commission license to operate as a non-vessel-owning common carrier (NVOCC), which enables the company to manage its shipments from China into the United States.<ref>Steele, B., Amazon is now managing its own ocean freight Template:Webarchive, engadget.com, January 27, 2017, accessed January 29, 2017</ref>
• Amazon Pharmacy is an online delivery service dedicated to prescription drugs, launched in November 2020. The service provides discounts up to 80% for generic drugs and up to 40% for branded drugs for Prime subscribe users. The products can be purchased on the company's website or at over 50,000 bricks-and-mortar pharmacies in the United States.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Annapurna Labs, an Israel-based microelectronics company reputedly for US$350–370M acquired by Amazon Web Services in January 2015 .<ref name="reut_Amaz">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="extr_Amaz">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Beijing Century Joyo Courier Services, which applied for a freight forwarding license with the US Maritime Commission. Amazon is also building out its logistics in trucking and air freight to potentially compete with UPS and FedEx.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Template:Anchor Brilliance Audio, an audiobook publisher founded in 1984 by Michael Snodgrass in Grand Haven, Michigan.<ref name="brilliance">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> The company produced its first eight audio titles in 1985.<ref name="brilliance" /> The company was purchased by Amazon in 2007 for an undisclosed amount.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="gigaom">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> At the time of the acquisition, Brilliance was producing 12–15 new titles a month.<ref name="gigaom" /> It operates as an independent company within Amazon. In 1984, Brilliance Audio invented a technique for recording twice as much on the same cassette.<ref name="blake">Template:Cite book</ref> The technique involved recording on each of the two channels of each stereo track.<ref name="blake" /> It has been credited with revolutionizing the burgeoning audiobook market in the mid-1980s since it made unabridged books affordable.<ref name="blake" />

• ComiXology, a cloud-based digital comics platform with over 200 million comic downloads Template:As of. It offers a selection of more than 40,000 comic books and graphic novels across Android, iOS, Fire OS and Windows 8 devices and over a web browser. Amazon bought the company in April 2014.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• CreateSpace, which offers self-publishing services for independent content creators, publishers, film studios, and music labels, became a subsidiary in 2009.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Template:Visible anchor, an electronics company specializing in mesh-networking Wifi devices founded as a startup in 2014 by Nick Weaver, Amos Schallich, and Nate Hardison to simplify and innovate the smart home.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Eero was acquired by Amazon in 2019 for US$97 million.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Eero has continued to operate under its banner and advertises its commitment to privacy despite early concerns from the company's acquisition.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Health Navigator is a startup developing APIs for online health services acquired in October 2019. The startup will form part of Amazon Care, which is the company's employee healthcare service. This follows the 2018 purchase of PillPack for under $1 billion, which has also been included into Amazon Care.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Junglee, a former online shopping service provided by Amazon that enabled customers to search for products from online and offline retailers in India. Junglee started as a virtual database that was used to extract information from the Internet and deliver it to enterprise applications. As it progressed, Junglee started to use its database technology to create a single window marketplace on the Internet by making every item from every supplier available for purchase. Web shoppers could locate, compare and transact millions of products from across the Internet shopping mall through one window.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Amazon acquired Junglee in 1998, and the website Junglee.com was launched in India in February 2012<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> as a comparison-shopping website. It curated and enabled searching for a diverse variety of products such as clothing, electronics, toys, jewelry, and video games, among others, across thousands of online and offline sellers. Millions of products are browsable, the client selects a price, and then they are directed to a seller. In November 2017, Amazon closed down Junglee.com and the former domain currently redirects to Amazon India.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Kuiper Systems, a subsidiary of Amazon, set up to deploy a broadband satellite internet constellation with an announced 3,236 Low Earth orbit satellites to provide satellite based Internet connectivity.<ref name="cnbc20190404">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="sn20190404">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="ars20190708">Template:Cite news</ref>
• Lab126, developers of integrated consumer electronics such as the Kindle, became a subsidiary in 2004.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Shelfari, a former social cataloging website for books. Shelfari users built virtual bookshelves of the titles which they owned or had read and they could rate, review, tag and discuss their books. Users could also create groups that other members could join, create discussions and talk about books, or other topics. Recommendations could be sent to friends on the site for what books to read. Amazon bought the company in August 2008.<ref name=":0" /> Shelfari continued to function as an independent book social network within the Amazon until January 2016, when Amazon announced that it would be merging Shelfari with Goodreads and closing down Shelfari.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Souq, the former largest e-commerce platform in the Arab world. The company launched in 2005 in Dubai, United Arab Emirates and served multiple areas across the Middle East.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On March 28, 2017, Amazon acquired Souq.com for $580 million.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> The company was re-branded as Amazon and its infrastructure was used to expand Amazon's online platform in the Middle East.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Amazon also has investments in renewable energy, including plans to fund four small nuclear reactors at the Xe-100 reactor site in Eastern Washington, and plans to expand its position into the Canadian market through an investment in a new plant in Alberta.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Operations

Logistics Template:Anchor

File:Amazon Logistics, Borgstedt (APC 0067).jpg

Amazon Transportation Services truck at an Amazon Logistics delivery station

File:Amazon Prime Delivery Trucks (44155424640).jpg

Amazon Logistics Delivery Service Partner company vehicles in Florida

Amazon uses many different transportation services to deliver packages. Amazon-branded services include:

• Amazon Air, a cargo airline for bulk transport, with last-mile delivery handled either by Amazon Flex, Amazon Logistics, or the U.S. Postal Service.
• Amazon Flex, a smartphone app that enables individuals to act as independent contractors, delivering packages to customers from personal vehicles without uniforms. Deliveries include one or two hours Prime Now, same or next day Amazon Fresh groceries, and standard Amazon.com orders, in addition to orders from local stores that contract with Amazon.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Amazon Logistics, in which Amazon contracts with small businesses (which it calls "Delivery Service Partners") to perform deliveries to customers. Each business has a fleet of approximately 20–40 Amazon-branded vans, and employees of the contractors wear Amazon uniforms. As of December 2020, it operates in the United States, Canada, Italy, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Amazon Prime Air is an experimental drone delivery service that delivers packages via drones to Amazon Prime subscribers in select cities.

Amazon directly employs people to work at its warehouses, bulk distribution centers, staffed "Amazon Hub Locker+" locations, and delivery stations where drivers pick up packages. As of December 2020, it is not hiring delivery drivers as employees.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Rakuten Intelligence estimated that in 2020 in the United States, the proportion of last-mile deliveries was 56% by Amazon's directly contracted services (mostly in urban areas), 30% by the United States Postal Service (mostly in rural areas), and 14% by UPS.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In April 2021, Amazon reported to investors it had increased its in-house delivery capacity by 50% in the last 12 months (which included the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Supply chain

Amazon first launched its distribution network in 1997 with two fulfillment centers in Seattle and New Castle, Delaware. Amazon has several types of distribution facilities consisting of cross-dock centers, fulfillment centers, sortation centers, delivery stations, Prime now hubs, and Prime air hubs. There are 75 fulfillment centers and 25 sortation centers with over 125,000 employees.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Employees are responsible for five basic tasks: unpacking and inspecting incoming goods; placing goods in storage and recording their location; picking goods from their computer recorded locations to make up an individual shipment; sorting and packing orders; and shipping. A computer that records the location of goods and maps out routes for pickers plays a key role: employees carry hand-held computers which communicate with the central computer and monitor their rate of progress. Some warehouses are partially automated with systems built by Amazon Robotics.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In September 2006, Amazon launched a program called FBA (Fulfillment By Amazon) whereby it could handle storage, packing and distribution of products and services for small sellers.<ref name=amazon-fulfill-press />

• Lauwin-Planque - Lauwin-Park (02).JPG

  Amazon.fr fulfillment center in Lauwin-Planque, France

• Amazon España por dentro (San Fernando de Henares).JPG

  Amazon.es fulfillment center in San Fernando de Henares, Spain

• Amazon warehouse Glenrothes.jpg

  Amazon.co.uk fulfillment center in Glenrothes, Scotland, UK

• Amazon.de 1204 - panoramio.jpg

  Amazon.de fulfillment center in Graben, Germany

• AmazonIchikawaFC (78316917).jpg

  Amazon.co.jp fulfillment center in Ichikawa, Japan

• Larry Hogan tours Amazon warehouse in Maryland (36490655883).jpg

  Amazon.co fulfillment center in Baltimore, Maryland, US featuring Amazon Robotics

Corporate affairs

Board of directors

File:Jeff Bezos 2016.jpg

Amazon founder Jeff Bezos in 2016

Template:As of, Amazon's board of directors were:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Jeff Bezos, executive chairman, Amazon.com, Inc.
• Andy Jassy, president and CEO, Amazon.com, Inc.
• Keith B. Alexander, CEO of IronNet Cybersecurity, former NSA director
• Edith W. Cooper, co-founder of Medley and former EVP of Goldman Sachs
• Jamie Gorelick, partner, Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr
• Daniel Huttenlocher, dean of the MIT Schwarzman College of Computing.
• Judy McGrath, former CEO, Paramount Media Networks
• Indra Nooyi, former CEO, PepsiCo
• Jon Rubinstein, former chairman and CEO, Palm, Inc.
• Patty Stonesifer, president and CEO, Martha's Table
• Wendell Weeks, chairman, president and CEO, Corning Inc.

Ownership

The 10 largest shareholder of Amazon in early 2024 were:<ref name=":2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Shareholder name	Percentage
Jeff Bezos	9.1%
The Vanguard Group	7.5%
BlackRock	4.6%
State Street Corporation	3.3%
Fidelity Investments	3.1%
MacKenzie Scott	1.9%
T. Rowe Price	1.9%
Geode Capital Management	1.8%
JP Morgan Investment Management	1.5%
Eaton Vance	1.5%
Others	63.8%

Finances

Sales by business (2023)<ref name=":2" />

Business	share
Online Stores	40.3%
Third-party Seller Services	24.4%
Amazon Web Services	15.8%
Advertising	8.2%
Subscription Services	7.0%
Physical Stores	3.5%
Other	0.9%

Amazon.com is primarily a retail site with a sales revenue model; Amazon takes a small percentage of the sale price of each item that is sold through its website while also allowing companies to advertise their products by paying to be listed as featured products.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:As of, Amazon.com is ranked eighth on the Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In Forbes Global 2000 2023 Amazon ranked 36th.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

For the fiscal year 2021, Amazon reported earnings of US$33.36 billion, with an annual revenue of US$469.82 billion, an increase of 21.7% over the previous fiscal cycle. Since 2007 sales increased from 14.835 billion to 469.822 billion, due to continued business expansion.Template:Citation needed

Amazon's market capitalization went over US$1 trillion again in early February 2020 after the announcement of the fourth quarter 2019 results.<ref name="4Q 2020">Template:Cite news</ref>

Year	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> in million US$	Net income in million US$	Total Assets in million US$	Employees
1995<ref name="auto3">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	0.5	−0.3	1.1
1996<ref name="auto3"/>	16	−6	8
1997<ref name="auto3"/>	148	−28	149	614
1998<ref name="auto2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	610	−124	648	2,100
1999<ref name="auto2"/>	1,639	−720	2,466	7,600
2000<ref name="auto2"/>	2,761	−1,411	2,135	9,000
2001<ref name="auto2"/>	3,122	−567	1,638	7,800
2002<ref name="auto2"/>	3,932	−149	1,990	7,500
2003<ref name="auto1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	5,263	35	2,162	7,800
2004<ref name="auto1"/>	6,921	588	3,248	9,000
2005<ref name="auto1"/>	8,490	359	3,696	12,000
2006<ref name="auto1"/>	10,711	190	4,363	13,900
2007<ref name="auto1"/>	14,835	476	6,485	17,000
2008<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	19,166	645	8,314	20,700
2009<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	24,509	902	13,813	24,300
2010<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	34,204	1,152	18,797	33,700
2011<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	48,077	631	25,278	56,200
2012<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	61,093	−39	32,555	88,400
2013<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	74,452	274	40,159	117,300
2014<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>	88,988	−241	54,505	154,100
2015<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>	107,006	596	64,747	230,800
2016<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>	135,987	2,371	83,402	341,400
2017<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>	177,866	3,033	131,310	566,000
2018<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	232,887	10,073	162,648	647,500
2019<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	280,522	11,588	225,248	798,000
2020<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	386,064	21,331	321,195	1,298,000
2021<ref name=2022-10K />	469,822	33,364	420,549	1,608,000
2022<ref name=2022-10K>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	513,983	−2,722	462,675	1,541,000
2023<ref name=2023-10K>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	574,785	30,425	527,854	1,525,000
2024<ref name=10K />	637,959	59,248	624,894	1,556,000

Corporate culture

During his tenure, Jeff Bezos had become renowned for his annual shareholder letters, which have gained similar notability to those of Warren Buffett.<ref name=":7">Template:Cite news</ref> These annual letters gave an "invaluable window" into the famously "secretive" company, and revealed Bezos's perspectives and strategic focus.<ref name=":7" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A common theme of these letters is Bezos's desire to instill customer-centricity (in his words, "customer obsession") at all levels of Amazon, notably by making all senior executives field customer support queries for a short time at Amazon call centers. He also read many emails addressed by customers to his public email address.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> One of Bezos's most well-known internal memos was his mandate for "all teams" to "expose their data and functionality" through service interfaces "designed from the ground up to be externalizable". This process, commonly known as a service-oriented architecture (SOA), resulted in mandatory dogfooding of services that would later be commercialized as part of AWS.Template:Citation needed

Lobbying

Amazon lobbies the United States federal government and state governments on multiple issues such as the enforcement of sales taxes on online sales, transportation safety, privacy and data protection and intellectual property. According to regulatory filings, Amazon.com focuses its lobbying on the United States Congress, the Federal Communications Commission and the Federal Reserve. Amazon.com spent roughly $3.5 million, $5 million and $9.5 million on lobbying, in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2019, it spent $16.8 million and had a team of 104 lobbyists.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Amazon.com was a corporate member of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) until it dropped membership following protests at its shareholders' meeting on May 24, 2012.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2014, Amazon expanded its lobbying practices as it prepared to lobby the Federal Aviation Administration to approve its drone delivery program, hiring the Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld lobbying firm in June.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Amazon and its lobbyists have visited with Federal Aviation Administration officials and aviation committees in Washington, D.C. to explain its plans to deliver packages.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In September 2020 this moved one step closer with the granting of a critical certificate by the FAA.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

During the second Trump Administration, Amazon donated several times to various events and aspects of his presidency. Along with several other major companies, Amazon donated $1 million to Trump's inaugural fund.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In April 2025, Amazon was a corporate sponsor of the White House Easter Egg Roll, after Donald Trump solicited corporate sponsors for the event for the first time.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Criticism

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

File:Anti-Amazon sticker.jpg

A sticker expressing an anti-Amazon message is pictured on the back of a street sign in Seattle

Amazon has attracted criticism for its actions, including: supplying law enforcement with facial recognition surveillance tools;<ref name="washingtonpost.com">Template:Cite news</ref> forming cloud computing partnerships with the CIA;<ref name="vanity-fair">Template:Cite magazine</ref> leading customers away from bookshops;<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> adversely impacting the environment;<ref name="Cavaillez">Template:Cite news</ref> placing a low priority on warehouse conditions for workers;<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> actively opposing unionization efforts;<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> remotely deleting content purchased by Amazon Kindle users; taking public subsidies; seeking to patent its 1-Click technology; engaging in anti-competitive actions and price discrimination;<ref name=":6">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="baum">Template:Cite news</ref> and reclassifying LGBTQ books as adult content.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Criticism has also concerned various decisions over whether to censor or publish content such as the WikiLeaks website, works containing libel, anti-LGBT merchandise, and material facilitating dog fighting, cockfighting, or pedophile activities. An article published by Time in the wake of social media website Parler's termination of service by Amazon Web Service highlights the power companies like Amazon now have over the internet.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In December 2011, Amazon faced a backlash from small businesses for running a one-day deal to promote its new Price Check app. Shoppers who used the app to check prices in a brick-and-mortar store were offered a 5% discount to purchase the same item from Amazon.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Companies like Groupon, eBay and Taap have countered Amazon's promotion by offering $10 off from their products.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The company has also faced accusations of putting undue pressure on suppliers to maintain and extend its profitability. One effort to squeeze the most vulnerable book publishers was known within the company as the Gazelle Project, after Bezos suggested, according to Brad Stone, "that Amazon should approach these small publishers the way a cheetah would pursue a sickly gazelle."<ref name="New Yorker"/> In July 2014, the Federal Trade Commission launched a lawsuit against the company alleging it was promoting in-app purchases to children, which were being transacted without parental consent.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2019, Amazon banned selling skin-lightening products after pushback from Minnesota health and environmental activists.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2022, a lawsuit filed by state attorney-general Letitia James was dismissed by the New York state court of appeals.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> After the COVID-19 pandemic, Amazon faced criticism for complying, under pressure from the Biden Administration, to "reduce the visibility” of books critical of the COVID-19 vaccine,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> which was revealed after Rep. Jim Jordan (acting on behalf of the House Judiciary Committee) subpoenaed emails between the company and the Biden Administration.<ref>Template:Cite tweet</ref>

File:Amazon Prime van blocking bike lane at CityCenterDC.jpg

An Amazon Prime truck blocking a bike lane in Washington, D.C.

Amazon Prime has been criticized for its vehicles systemically double parking, blocking bike lanes, and otherwise violating traffic laws while dropping off packages, contributing to traffic congestion and endangering other road users.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Jane Friedman<ref name="janefriedman/books">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> discovered six listings of books fraudulently using her name, on Amazon and Goodreads. Amazon and Goodreads resisted removing the fraudulent titles until the author's complaints went viral on social media, in a blog post titled "I Would Rather See My Books Get Pirated Than This (Or: Why Goodreads and Amazon Are Becoming Dumpster Fires)."<ref name="janefriedman/rather-my-books-pirated">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="arstechnica/2023/08/ai-generated-counterfeit-books-amazon">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="vice/v7b774">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="washingtonpost/amazon-goodreads">Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2024, following years of criticism for providing law enforcement footage in the custody of Ring (a home security company owned by Amazon) without a warrant, Ring has halted this practice.<ref name="auto4">Template:Cite news</ref> It received cautious praise from privacy-focused organizations such as the Electronic Frontier Foundation for this change.<ref name="auto4"/>

In February 2025, Sky accused Amazon of not doing enough to prevent the piracy of its sports rights via “jailbroken” Fire Sticks.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

See also

• Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award
• Amazon Pay
• Amazon Standard Identification Number (ASIN)
• Amazon Storywriter
• Camelcamelcamel – a website that tracks the prices of products sold on Amazon.com
• History of Amazon
• Internal carbon pricing
• List of book distributors
• Statistically improbable phrases – Amazon.com's phrase extraction technique for indexing books

Further reading

• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book

External links

• Template:Official website
• Template:OpenSecrets
• Template:OpenCorp