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File:Asian Highways.png
Map of the highways
File:Asian highway 2 Ratchaburi.jpg
Asian Highway 2 sign near Ratchaburi, Thailand
File:AH6-RUS.svg
Asian Highway route sign used on the AH6

The Asian Highway Network (AH), also known as the Great Asian Highway, is a cooperative project among countries in Asia and the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) to improve their connectivity via highway systems. It is one of the three pillars of the Asian Land Transport Infrastructure Development (ALTID) project, endorsed by the ESCAP commission at its 48th session in 1992, comprising Asian Highway, Trans-Asian railway (TAR) and facilitation of land transport projects.

Agreements have been signed by 32 countries to allow the highway to cross the continent and also reach to Europe. Some of the countries taking part in the highway project are India (Act East policy), Sri Lanka, Pakistan, China, Iran, Japan, South Korea, Nepal and Bangladesh.<ref name="Kamat" /> Most of the funding comes from the larger, more advanced Asian nations such as China, South Korea and Singapore as well as international agencies such as the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).

The project aims to make maximum use of the continent's existing highways to avoid the construction of newer ones, except in cases where missing routes necessitate their construction. Project Monitor, an Asian infrastructure news website, has commented that "early beneficiaries of the Asian Highway project are the planners within the national land transport department of the participating countries [since] it assists them in planning the most cost-effective and efficient routes to promote domestic and international trade. Non-coastal areas, which are often negligible, are the other beneficiaries."<ref name="Kamat" />

However, in the mid-2000s some transportation experts were skeptical about the viability of the project given the economic and political climate in both South and Southeast Asia.<ref name="Kamat" />

HistoryEdit

The AH project was initiated by the United Nations in 1959 with the aim of promoting the development of international road transport in the region. During the first phase of the project (1960–1970) considerable progress was achieved, however, progress slowed down when financial assistance was suspended in 1975.

ESCAP has conducted several projects in cooperation with AH member countries step by step after the endorsement of ALTID in 1992.

The Intergovernmental Agreement on the Asian Highway Network (IGA) was adopted on February 28, 1997 by the Intergovernmental Meeting; 37000 kilometers,<ref>https://www.doh.go.th/content/page/page/8103</ref> and was adopted on November 18, 2003, by the Intergovernmental Meeting; the IGA includes Annex I, which identifies 55 AH routes among 32 member countries totalling approximately 140,000 km (87,500 miles), and Annex II "Classification and Design Standards". During the 60th session of the ESCAP Commission at Shanghai, China, in April 2004, the IGA treaty was signed by 23 countries. By 2013, 29 countries had ratified the agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}.</ref>

In 2007, British drivers Richard Meredith and Phil Colley completed the first full East to West journey of the entire highway in an Aston Martin Vantage which was later sold to raise money for UNICEF. The drive was a marketing stunt promoted by the car manufacturer.<ref>Milton Keynes Citizen 2008-11-03 "Aston adventure" Page 2</ref>

ImplicationsEdit

The advanced highway network would provide for greater trade and social interactions between Asian countries, including personal contacts, project capitalizations, connections of major container terminals with transportation points, and promotion of tourism via the new roadways.<ref name="Kamat">Kamat, Rahul The Great Asian Highway Template:Webarchive, Project Monitor website, 31 January 2005. Retrieved 2009-05-05</ref> Infrastructure consultant Om Prakash noted that, "It's an excellent step taken by ESCAP to gather all the Asian countries under one crown but the problem with this project is political disputes between some countries, notably Pakistan and Myanmar, which is delaying the project."<ref name="Kamat" />{{ safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= Template:Fix }}

Future development plansEdit

Route AH1 is proposed to extend from Tokyo to the border with Bulgaria (EU) west of Istanbul and Edirne, passing through both Koreas, China and other countries in Southeast, Central and South Asia. The corridor is expected to improve trade links between East Asian countries, India and Russia. To complete the route, existing roads will be upgraded and new roads constructed to link the network. Template:US$ has been spent or committed Template:As of with additional US$18 billion needed for upgrades and improvements to Template:Convert of highway.<ref>"Priority Investment Needs for the Development for the Asian Highway Network" Template:Webarchive, accessed July 14, 2007</ref>

Numbering and signageEdit

The project new highway route numbers begin with "AH", standing for "Asian Highway", followed by one, two or three digits.<ref name="TCIGU" /> Single-digit route numbers from 1 to 9 are assigned to major Asian Highway routes which cross more than one subregion.<ref name="TCIGU" /> Two- and three-digit route numbers are assigned to indicate the routes within subregions, including those connecting to neighbouring subregions, and self-contained highway routes within the participating countries.<ref name="TCIGU">Newswire Template:Webarchive, Tourism Commission of the International Geographical Union website. Retrieved 2009-05-05;</ref> Route numbers are printed in the Latin script and Hindu-Arabic numerals and may simply be added to existing signage, like the E-road network.<ref name="TCIGU" />

The actual design of the signs has not been standardized, only that the letters and digits are in white or black, but the color, shape and size of the sign being completely flexible. Most examples feature a blue rectangular shield with a white inscription (similar to German Autobahn signage) with further examples of white on green and black on white rectangular shields.<ref name="Kamat"/><ref name="TCIGU"/><ref name="AsiaTimes">McCartan, Brian Roadblocks on the Great Asian Highway, Asia Times website, 23 January 2008. Retrieved 2009-05-05;</ref>

RoutesEdit

AH1 to AH9: Continent-Wide RoutesEdit

    • East-West, from S to N: 2, 1 intermixed, 5, 9, 6.
    • North-South, from E to W: 1 (along East China), 3, 4, 7, 8.
  • File:Tabliczka AH1.svgTemplate:Convert: Tokyo, Japan – Bulgarian border, Turkey<ref name="treaty">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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AH10 to AH29: Southeast Asia RoutesEdit

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Laoag, Philippines – Zamboanga, Philippines<ref name="treaty" />

AH30 to AH39: East Asia and Northeast Asia RoutesEdit

Route No. Distance Start End Notes
AH30 2,739 km (1712 miles) Ussuriysk, Russia Chita, Russia
AH31 1,595 km (997 miles) Belogorsk, Russia Dalian, China
AH32 3,748 km (2342.5 miles) Sonbong, North Korea Khovd, Mongolia
AH33 575 km (359 miles) Harbin, China Tongjiang, China Also known as G1011
AH34 1,033 km (646 miles) Lianyungang, China Xi'an, China
AH35 1,305 km (811 miles) Undurkhaan, Mongolia Jinzhou, China

AH40 to AH59: South Asian RoutesEdit

Route No. Distance Start End
AH41 948 km (592.5 miles) Teknaf, Bangladesh Mongla, Bangladesh
AH42 3,754 km (2346 miles) Lanzhou, China Barhi, India
AH43 3,024 km (1892 miles) Agra, India Matara, Sri Lanka (Via) Rameswaram, TN, IN
AH44(A6) 107 km (67 miles) Dambulla, Sri Lanka Trincomalee, Sri Lanka
AH45 2,030 km (1269 miles) Kolkata, India Krishnagiri, TN, IN (Via) Chennai, TN, India
AH46 1,967 km (1,222 miles) Hazira port, Surat, India Howrah, India
AH47 2,057 km (1286 miles) Gwalior, India Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
AH48 276 km (171 miles) Thimphu, Bhutan Changrabandha, India
AH51 825 km (513 miles) Peshawar, Pakistan Quetta, Pakistan

AH60 to AH89: North Asia, Central Asia and Southwest Asia RoutesEdit

Route No. Distance Start End
AH60 2,151 km (1344 miles) Omsk, Russia (on AH6) Burubaital, Kazakhstan (on AH7)
AH61 4,158 km (2599 miles) Kashgar, China (on AH4/AH65) border between Russia and Ukraine
AH62 2,722 km (1701 miles) Petropavl, Kazakhstan (on AH6/AH64) Mazari Sharif, Afghanistan (on AH76)
AH63 2,434 km (1521 miles) Samara, Russia (on AH6) Guzar, Uzbekistan (on AH62)
AH64 1,666 km (1041 miles) Petropavl, Kazakhstan (on AH6/AH62) Barnaul, Russia (on AH4)
AH65 1,250 km (781 miles) Kashgar, China (on AH4/AH61) Termez, Uzbekistan (on AH62)
AH66 995 km (622 miles) border between China and Tajikistan Termez, Uzbekistan (on AH62)
AH67 2,288 km (1430 miles) Kuitun, China (on AH5) Zhezkazgan, Kazakhstan (on AH62)
AH68 278 km (174 miles) Jinghe, China (on AH5) Ucharal, Kazakhstan (on AH60)
AH70 4,832 km (3020 miles) border between Ukraine and Russia Bandar Abbas, Iran
AH71 426 km (266 miles) Dilaram, Afghanistan (on AH1) Dashtak, Iran (on AH75)
AH72 1,147 km (717 miles) Tehran, Iran (on AH1/AH2/AH8) Bushehr, Iran
AH75 1,871 km (1169 miles) Tejen, Turkmenistan (on AH5) Chabahar, Iran
AH76 986 km (616 miles) Puli Khumri, Afghanistan (on AH7) Herat, Afghanistan (on AH1/AH77)
AH77 1,298 km (811 miles) Jabal Saraj District, Afghanistan (on AH7) Mary, Turkmenistan (on AH5)
AH78 1,076 km (672.5 miles) Ashgabat, Turkmenistan (on AH5) Kerman, Iran (on AH2)
AH81 1,143 km (714 miles) Larsi, Georgia Aktau, Kazakhstan (on AH70)
AH82 1,261 km (788 miles) border between Russia and Georgia Ivughli, Iran (on AH1)
AH83 172 km (107.5 miles) Qazakh, Azerbaijan (on AH5) Yerevan, Armenia (on AH81/AH82)
AH84 1,188 km (742.5 miles) Doğubeyazıt, Turkey (on AH1) İçel, Turkey
AH85 338 km (211 miles) Refahiye, Turkey (on AH1) Merzifon, Turkey (on AH5)
AH86 247 km (154 miles) Askale, Turkey (on AH1) Trabzon, Turkey (on AH5)
AH87 606 km (378.75 miles) Ankara, Turkey (on AH1) İzmir, Turkey
AH88<ref name="AmendedTreaty" /> citation CitationClass=web

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Chabahar, Iran (on AH75) Bandar Imam Khomeini, Iran (on AH8)

AH100 to AH299: ASEAN Southeast Asia RoutesEdit

These routes were set up by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations as part of an extension to the Asian Highway Network, known as the ASEAN Highway Network.<ref name="ASEANMap" /><ref name="ASEANPlan" />

Route No. Distance Start End Notes
AH111 Loilem, Myanmar Thibaw, Myanmar citation CitationClass=web

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AH112 Thaton, Myanmar Kawthaung, Myanmar <ref name="ah-db" />
AH121 Mukdahan, Thailand Sa Kaeo, Thailand
AH123 Dawei, Myanmar Pak Tho on AH2 in Thailand <ref name="ah-db"/><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
AH131 Vũng Áng, Vietnam Thakhek, Laos
AH132 Quảng Ngãi, Vietnam Thang Beng, Laos
AH140 Butterworth, Malaysia Pasir Puteh, Malaysia
AH141 Template:Convert Port Klang Malaysia Kuantan, Malaysia
AH142 Template:Convert Yong Peng, Malaysia Gambang, Malaysia
AH143 Template:Convert Sengkang, Singapore Senai, Malaysia
AH150 Template:Convert Telok Melano, Sarawak Entikong, West Kalimantan Also known as the Pan-Borneo Highway
AH151 Tebing Tinggi, North Sumatra Bandar Lampung, Lampung Also known as the Central Trans-Sumatran Highway. The highway is also co-signed as File:ID Nasional5.svg Sumatra by the Ministry of Transportation (Indonesia) since 2019.
AH152 Jakarta Surakarta, Central Java The highway is also co-signed by some Indonesian National Route File:ID Nasional6.svg File:ID Nasional9.svg File:ID Nasional11.svg File:ID Nasional13.svg File:ID Nasional15.svg Java by the Ministry of Transportation (Indonesia) since 2019.

Distance by country or regionEdit

The planned network runs a total of Template:Convert.

Country or region Distance in km (mi)
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See alsoEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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