Billy Cobham

Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox musical artist

William Emanuel Cobham Jr. (born May 16, 1944) is a Panamanian–American jazz drummer who came to prominence in the late 1960s and early 1970s with trumpeter Miles Davis and then with the Mahavishnu Orchestra.

He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1987<ref name="modern">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and the Classic Drummer Hall of Fame in 2013.<ref name="classic">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> AllMusic biographer Steve Huey said, "Generally acclaimed as fusion's greatest drummer, Billy Cobham's explosive technique powered some of the genre's most important early recordings – including groundbreaking efforts by Miles Davis and the Mahavishnu Orchestra – before he became an accomplished bandleader in his own right. At his best, Cobham harnessed his amazing dexterity into thundering, high-octane hybrids of jazz complexity and rock & roll aggression."<ref name="Huey">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Cobham's influence stretched far beyond jazz; he influenced progressive rock contemporaries like Bill Bruford of King Crimson, and later ones like Danny Carey of Tool. Prince and Jeff Beck both played a version of Cobham's "Stratus" in concert. Phil Collins, who named the Mahavishnu Orchestra's The Inner Mounting Flame as a key influence on his early style, said: "Billy Cobham played some of the finest drumming I've ever heard on that record."

BiographyEdit

Born in Colón, Panama, Cobham moved with his family to Brooklyn, New York, when he was three. His father, Manuel, worked as a hospital statistician during the week and played piano on weekends. Cobham started playing drums at age four, and joined his father four years later. When he was 15, he got his first drum kit as a gift after being accepted to The High School of Music & Art in New York City.<ref name="Hobart">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

He was drafted in 1965, and played with a U.S. Army band for the next three years.<ref name="Huey" /><ref name="Hobart" /> After his discharge, he joined Horace Silver's quintet. He played an early model electric drum kit given to him by Tama Drums. He was a house drummer for Atlantic Records and a session musician for CTI and Kudu, appearing on the albums White Rabbit by George Benson, Sunflower by Milt Jackson, and Soul Box by Grover Washington Jr.<ref name="Hobart" />

Cobham started the jazz rock group Dreams with Michael Brecker, Randy Brecker, Barry Rogers, and John Abercrombie.<ref name="Huey" /> He moved further into jazz fusion when he recorded with Miles Davis, appearing on Davis's albums A Tribute to Jack Johnson and Big Fun. In 1971, he and guitarist John McLaughlin started the Mahavishnu Orchestra, another group that fused rock, funk, and jazz.<ref name="Hobart" /> Cobham toured extensively from 1971 to 1973 with the Mahavishnu Orchestra, which released two studio albums, The Inner Mounting Flame (1971) and Birds of Fire (1973), and one live album, Between Nothingness & Eternity (1973). The studio versions of songs on the live album were released on The Lost Trident Sessions (1999).

Cobham's debut album, Spectrum (1973), surprised him and his record company when it reached No. 1 on the Billboard magazine Jazz Albums chart and No. 26 on the Top 200 Albums chart.<ref name="Hobart" /> Cobham started experimenting with different drum equipment. In 1974 for Crosswinds he used a fiberglass-shell snare built for him by Al Duffy, and used Duffy's custom chain-drive bass drum pedal.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Cobham's massive drum kit in the mid-1970s, based on a clear acrylic set by Fibes Drums, contained two Fibes bass drums, a custom Duffy snare, two flared-shell rack toms by North Drums, four Fibes rack toms, two Fibes floor toms, two gong drums by Duffy customized by Cobham's drum roadie Jeff Ocheltree, a hi-hat, five Zildjian cymbals, and one hanging 36-inch gong.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> This expansive kit and Cobham's dynamic style influenced later drummers.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

File:BillyCobham BakuJazz2007.jpg

Baku Jazz Festival, 2007

In 1980, he worked with Jack Bruce in Jack Bruce & Friends. For this group, Cobham used a very large custom drum kit designed for him by Tama Drums, featuring three bass drums with linked pedals, and three snares including a piccolo snare and a Hinger Space Tone expanding snare.<ref name="Friends 1980">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Cobham said this kit adapted to fit the music, and the music adapted to fit the kit – "a continual chicken–egg–chicken scenario."<ref name="Friends 1980"/> On October 30, 1980, he joined the Grateful Dead during the band's concert at Radio City Music Hall. He performed a long drum solo session with the band's two percussionists, Bill Kreutzmann and Mickey Hart, also known as the Rhythm Devils. In 1981, Billy Cobham's Glass Menagerie was formed with Michał Urbaniak on violin and EWI, Gil Goldstein on piano, Tim Landers on bass, and Mike Stern on guitar. Dean Brown replaced Stern when he left to play with Miles Davis. Glass Menagerie released two albums for Elektra Musician.

In 1984, he played in the band Bobby and the Midnites, a side project for Bob Weir of the Grateful Dead, with Bobby Cochran and Kenny Gradney, and recorded the album Where the Beat Meets the Street.<ref name="Hit">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Cobham moved to Switzerland in 1985.<ref name="Hobart" />

In 1994, he joined an all-star cast Greek Theatre in Los Angeles; the results appeared on the album Stanley Clarke, Larry Carlton, Billy Cobham, Najee and Deron Johnson Live at the Greek. The concert was predominantly Clarke's music, but all the musicians contributed material.

File:Billy Cobham - Leverkusener Jazztage 2016-AL2270.jpg

Billy Cobham live at Leverkusener Jazztage (Germany) in 2016

In 2006, Cobham released Drum 'n' Voice 2, a return to the 1970s jazz-funk sound, with guests including Brian Auger, Guy Barker, Jeff Berlin, Frank Gambale, Jan Hammer, Mike Lindup, Buddy Miles, Dominic Miller, Airto Moreira, John Patitucci, and the band Novecento. The album was produced and arranged by Pino and Lino Nicolosi for Nicolosi Productions. In 2009, he released Drum'n' Voice 3. Guests included Alex Acuña, Brian Auger, George Duke, Chaka Khan, Bob Mintzer, Novecento, John Scofield, and Gino Vannelli.

Cobham plays his drums using the open-handed technique, which allows the player to play without crossing their right hand over the snare drum.

In December 2011, Cobham began teaching drums online at the Billy Cobham School of Drums, a school in the ArtistWorks Drum Academy.<ref name="questions">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Praise from other musiciansEdit

Many musicians have cited Cobham as an influence, including Phil Collins, Tullio De Piscopo, Kenny Aronoff,<ref name="Aronoff">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Mattingly">Template:Cite journal</ref> Steve Arrington,<ref name="Arrington">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Ranjit Barot,<ref name="Barot">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Danny Carey,<ref name="Oriel">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Jimmy Chamberlin,<ref name="Chamberlin">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Dennis Chambers,<ref name="Chambers">Template:Cite AV media</ref> Brann Dailor,<ref name="Kearns">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Matt Garstka,<ref name="Lentz">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Chris Hornbrook,<ref name="Coleman">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Mohler">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Thomas Lang,<ref name="Lang">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Mac McNeilly,<ref name="McNeilly">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> OM,<ref name="Amos">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Cisneros">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Opeth,<ref name="Akerfeldt">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Chris Pennie<ref name="Pennie">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Mike Portnoy,<ref name="Portnoy">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Thomas Pridgen,<ref name="Pridgen">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Sivamani,<ref name="Sivamani">Template:Cite news</ref> Bill Stevenson,<ref name="Bidwell">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="billstevenson">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} </ref> Jon Theodore,<ref name="Theodore">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Tony Thompson,<ref name="Thompson">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Mike Clark.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Other musicians have expressed admiration for his work, including Steven Wilson<ref name="Wilson">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Dave Bainbridge.<ref name="Bainbridge">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Template:Heading

Cobham has cited swing drummers, such as Buddy Rich, Jo Jones, Louie Bellson, Sam Woodyard, Sonny Payne, and Mel Lewis, as well as bebop drummers, such as Max Roach, Roy Haynes, Elvin Jones and Tony Williams, as influences on his playing.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>