Danny Kaye
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Danny Kaye (born David Daniel Kaminsky; Template:Langx; January 18, 1911 – March 3, 1987) was an American actor, comedian, singer, and dancer. His performances featured physical comedy, idiosyncratic pantomimes, and rapid-fire novelty songs.
Kaye starred in 23 films, notably Wonder Man (1945), The Kid from Brooklyn (1946), The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (1947), The Inspector General (1949), Hans Christian Andersen (1952), White Christmas (1954), and The Court Jester (1955). His films were popular, especially for his performances of patter songs and favorites such as "Inchworm" and "The Ugly Duckling".
He was the first ambassador-at-large of UNICEF in 1954 and received the French Legion of Honour in 1986 for his years of work with the organization.<ref name=Honor>Template:Cite news</ref>
Early life and educationEdit
David Daniel Kaminsky was born in Brooklyn, New York, on January 18, 1911 (though he would later say 1913),<ref name="DK Interview">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>FBI records and SSDI show 1911.</ref><ref name="UNICEF 2"/><ref name="OF SSDI">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> to Ukrainian Jewish immigrants Jacob and Clara (née Nemerovsky) Kaminsky. He was the youngest of three sons. His parents and older brothers Larry and Mac left Yekaterinoslav (then part of Novorossia in the Russian Empire) two years before Danny's birth; he was their only son born in the United States.<ref name=Clowns>Template:Cite book</ref>
He attended Public School 149 in East New York, Brooklyn (eventually renamed to honor him)<ref name=School>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>—where he began entertaining his classmates with songs and jokes.<ref name="Bio">Template:Cite news</ref> He attended Thomas Jefferson High School in Brooklyn, but he did not graduate.<ref name=Conversation/>
His mother died when he was in his early teens. Not long after, Kaye and his friend Louis ran away to Florida. Kaye sang while Louis played the guitar, and the pair eked out a living for a while. When Kaye returned to New York, his father did not pressure him to return to school or work, giving his son the chance to mature and discover his abilities.<ref name=Life/> Kaye said that as a young boy, he had wanted to be a surgeon, but the family could not afford medical education.<ref name= Clowns/><ref name= Wife>Template:Cite news</ref>
After leaving school, he held a succession of jobs as a soda jerk, auto insurance investigator, and office clerk. Most ended with him being fired. He lost the insurance job when he made an error that cost the insurance company $40,000 ($600,000 in 2019 adjusted for inflation).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A dentist who hired him to look after his office over lunch and run errands fired him when he found Kaye using his dental drill on the office woodwork. In 1939, Kaye met the same dentist's daughter, Sylvia Fine, at an audition, and in 1940, they eloped.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Clowns" /><ref name="Time">Template:Cite magazine</ref> He learned his trade in his teenaged years in the Catskills as a tummler (M.C.) in the Borscht Belt.<ref name="Bio"/>
Kaye's first break came in 1933 when he joined the Three Terpsichoreans, a vaudeville dance act. They opened in Utica, New York, where he used the stage name Danny Kaye for the first time.<ref name="Bio"/> The act toured the United States and in Asia with the show La Vie Paree.<ref name=Dena/> The troupe left for a six-month tour of Asia on February 8, 1934. During its stay in Osaka, Japan, a typhoon hit the city. The troupe's hotel suffered heavy damage. The strong wind hurled a piece of the hotel's cornice into Kaye's room. By evening's performance time, the city was in the grip of the storm. With no power, the audience became restless and nervous. To calm them, Kaye went on stage holding a flashlight to illuminate his face and sang every song he could recall as loudly as he was able.<ref name=Clowns/>
The experience of trying to entertain audiences who did not speak English inspired him to do the pantomime gestures, songs, and facial expressions that eventually made his reputation.<ref name="Bio"/><ref name=Time/> Sometimes, he found them necessary when ordering a meal. Kaye's daughter Dena relates a story her father told about being in a restaurant in China and trying to order chicken. Kaye flapped his arms and clucked, giving the waiter an imitation of a chicken. The waiter nodded in understanding, bringing Kaye two eggs. His interest in cooking began on the tour.<ref name="Bio"/><ref name=Dena>Template:Cite news</ref>
Jobs were in short supply when Kaye returned to the United States, and he struggled for bookings. One job was working in a burlesque revue with fan dancer Sally Rand. After the dancer dropped a fan while trying to chase away a fly, Kaye was hired to watch the fans, so they were always held in front of her.<ref name="Bio"/><ref name=Time/>
CareerEdit
In 1937, Kaye's film debut came from a contract with New York-based Educational Pictures for a series of two-reel comedies. He usually played a manic, dark-haired, fast-talking Russian in these low-budget shorts, opposite young hopefuls June Allyson and Imogene Coca.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Kaye series ended abruptly when the studio shut down in 1938. He was working in the Catskills in 1937 under the name Danny Kolbin.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
His next venture was a short-lived Broadway show with Sylvia Fine as the pianist, lyricist, and composer. The Straw Hat Revue opened on September 29, 1939, and closed after 10 weeks, but critics noticed Kaye's work.<ref name=Clowns/><ref name=TV>Template:Cite news</ref> The reviews brought an offer for both Kaye and his bride Sylvia to work at La Martinique, a New York City nightclub. Kaye performed with Sylvia as his accompanist. At La Martinique, playwright Moss Hart saw Danny perform, and that led to Hart's casting him in his hit Broadway comedy Lady in the Dark.<ref name=Clowns/><ref name=Time/>
In 1941, aged 30, Kaye scored a triumph playing Russell Paxton in Lady in the Dark, starring Gertrude Lawrence. His show-stopping number was "Tschaikowsky (and Other Russians)" by Kurt Weill and Ira Gershwin in which he sang the names of a string of Russian composers at breakneck speed, seemingly without taking a breath.<ref name="Star"/><ref name=King>Template:Cite news</ref> In the next Broadway season, he was the star of a show about a young man who is drafted called Let's Face It!.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
His feature-film debut was in producer Samuel Goldwyn's Technicolor 1944 comedy Up in Arms, a remake of Goldwyn's Eddie Cantor comedy Whoopee! (1930).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Rival producer Robert M. Savini cashed in by compiling three of Kaye's Educational Pictures shorts into a patchwork feature entitled The Birth of a Star (1945). Studio mogul Goldwyn wanted Kaye's prominent nose fixed to look less Jewish;<ref name=Kanfer>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Kaye site"/> Kaye refused, but he did allow his red hair to be bleached blond, apparently because it looked better in Technicolor.<ref name="Kaye site">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Kaye starred in a radio program, The Danny Kaye Show, on CBS from 1945 to 1946.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The program's popularity rose quickly. Within a year, he tied with Jimmy Durante for fifth place in the Radio Daily popularity poll.<ref name=Time/> Kaye was asked to participate in a USO tour following the end of World War II. It meant that he would be absent from his radio show for nearly two months at the beginning of the season. Kaye's friends filled in with a different guest host each week.<ref name=Deli>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Kaye was the first American actor to visit postwar Tokyo. He had toured there some ten years before with the vaudeville troupe.<ref name=Airwaves>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> When Kaye asked to be released from his radio contract in mid-1946, he agreed not to accept a regular radio show for one year and only limited guest appearances on other radio programs.<ref name="Deli"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Many of the show's episodes survive today, notable for Kaye's opening signature patter ("Git gat gittle, giddle-di-ap, giddle-de-tommy, riddle de biddle de roop, da-reep, fa-san, skeedle de woo-da, fiddle de wada, reep!").<ref name=Time/>
Kaye starred in several movies with actress Virginia Mayo in the 1940s, and is known for films such as The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (1947), The Inspector General (1949), On the Riviera (1951) co-starring Gene Tierney, Knock on Wood (1954), White Christmas (1954), The Court Jester (1956), Me and the Colonel (1958), and Merry Andrew (1958). Kaye starred in two pictures based on biographies, Hans Christian Andersen (1952) the Danish storyteller and The Five Pennies (1959) about jazz pioneer Red Nichols. His wife, writer/lyricist Sylvia Fine, wrote many tongue-twisting songs for which Kaye became famous.<ref name=Wife/><ref name=Fine/> She was also an associate film producer.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Some of Kaye's films included the theme of doubles, two people who look identical (both Danny Kaye) being mistaken for each other to comic effect.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web
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While his wife wrote most of Kaye's material, he created much of it himself, often while performing. Kaye had one character he never shared with the public; Kaplan, the owner of a rubber company, came to life only for family and friends. His wife, Sylvia, described the Kaplan character:<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />
He doesn't have any first name. Even his wife calls him just Kaplan. He's an illiterate, pompous character who advertises his philanthropies. Jack Benny or Dore Schary might say, "Kaplan, why do you hate unions so?" If Danny feels like doing Kaplan that night, he might be off on Kaplan for two hours.{{#if:|{{#if:|}}
— {{#if:|, in }}Template:Comma separated entries}}
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When he appeared at the London Palladium in 1948, he "roused the Royal family to laughter and was the first of many performers who have turned British variety into an American preserve." Life described his reception as "worshipful hysteria" and noted that the royal family, for the first time, left the royal box to watch from the front row of the orchestra.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He related that he had no idea of the familial connections when the Marquess of Milford Haven introduced himself after a show and said he would like his cousins to see Kaye perform.<ref name=King/> Kaye stated he never returned to the venue because no way existed to recreate the magic of that time.<ref name=London>Template:Cite news</ref> Kaye had an invitation to return to London for a Royal Variety Performance in November of the same year.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> When the invitation arrived, Kaye was busy with The Inspector General (which had a working title of Happy Times). Warner Bros. stopped the film to allow their star to attend.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> When his Decca labelmates The Andrews Sisters began their engagement at the London Palladium on the heels of Kaye's successful 1948 appearance there, the trio was well received and David Lewin of the Daily Express declared: "The audience gave the Andrews Sisters the Danny Kaye roar!"<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
He hosted the 24th Academy Awards in 1952. The program was broadcast on radio; telecasts of the Oscar ceremony came later. During the 1950s, Kaye visited Australia, where he played Buttons in a production of Cinderella in Sydney. In 1953, Kaye started a production company, Dena Pictures, named for his daughter. Knock on Wood was the first film produced by his firm. The firm expanded into television in 1960 under the name Belmont Television.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Kaye entered television in 1956, on the CBS show See It Now with Edward R. Murrow.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Secret Life of Danny Kaye combined his 50,000-mile, ten-country tour as UNICEF ambassador with music and humor.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His first solo effort was in 1960 with a one-hour special produced by Sylvia and sponsored by General Motors, with similar specials in 1961 and 1962.<ref name=Clowns/>
He hosted The Danny Kaye Show from 1963 to 1967; it won four Emmy awards and a Peabody award.<ref name="Excelled">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> His last cinematic starring role came in 1963's The Man from the Diners' Club.
Beginning in 1964, he acted as television host to the CBS telecasts of MGM's The Wizard of Oz. Kaye did a stint as a What's My Line? mystery guest on the Sunday-night CBS-TV quiz program. Kaye was later a guest panelist on that show. He also appeared on the interview program Here's Hollywood. In the 1970s, Kaye tore a ligament in his leg during the run of the Richard Rodgers musical Two by Two, but went on with the show, appearing with his leg in a cast and cavorting on stage in a wheelchair.<ref name="Excelled"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He had done much the same on his television show in 1964, when his right leg and foot were burned from a cooking accident. Camera shots were planned so television viewers did not see Kaye in his wheelchair.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 1976, he played Geppetto in a television musical adaptation of Pinocchio with Sandy Duncan in the title role. Kaye portrayed Captain Hook opposite Mia Farrow in a musical version of Peter Pan featuring songs by Anthony Newley and Leslie Bricusse. He later guest-starred in episodes of The Muppet Show and The Cosby Show,<ref name="Gazette"/> and in the 1980s revival The Twilight Zone.
In many films, as well as on stage, Kaye proved to be an able actor, singer, dancer, and comedian. He showed his serious side as ambassador for UNICEF and in his dramatic role in the memorable TV film Skokie, when he played a Holocaust survivor.<ref name="Excelled"/> Before his death in 1987, Kaye conducted an orchestra during a comical series of concerts organized for UNICEF fundraising. Kaye received two Academy Awards - an Academy Honorary Award in 1955 and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in 1982. That year, he received the Screen Actors Guild annual award.<ref name="Star"/>
In 1980, Kaye hosted and sang in the 25th anniversary of Disneyland celebration and hosted the opening celebration for Epcot in 1982 (EPCOT Center at the time). Both were aired on primetime television in the U.S.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Career in musicEdit
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While Kaye claimed he could not read music, he was said to have perfect pitch.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A flamboyant performer with his own distinctive style, "easily adapting from outrageous novelty songs to tender ballads" (according to critic Jason Ankeny), in 1945, Kaye began hosting his own CBS radio program, in which he performed a number of hit songs, including "Dinah" and "Minnie the Moocher".<ref name="allmusic">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 1947, Kaye teamed up with The Andrews Sisters (Patty, Maxene, and LaVerne) on Decca Records, producing the number-three Billboard hit "Civilization (Bongo, Bongo, Bongo)". The success of the pairing prompted both acts to record through 1950, producing such rhythmically comical fare as "The Woody Woodpecker Song" (based on the bird from the Walter Lantz cartoons and a Billboard hit for the quartet), "Put 'em in a Box, Tie 'em with a Ribbon (And Throw 'em in the Deep Blue Sea)", "The Big Brass Band from Brazil", "It's a Quiet Town (In Crossbone County)", "Amelia Cordelia McHugh (Mc Who?)", "Ching-a-ra-sa-sa", and a duet by Danny and Patty Andrews of "Orange Colored Sky". The acts teamed for two yuletide favorites - a frantic, harmonic rendition of "A Merry Christmas at Grandmother's House (Over the River and Through the Woods)" and a duet by Danny and Patty, "All I Want for Christmas Is My Two Front Teeth".<ref name="ReferenceA">Template:Cite book</ref>
Kaye's debut album, Columbia Presents Danny Kaye, had been released in 1942 by Columbia Records with songs performed to the accompaniment of Maurice Abravanel and Johnny Green. The album was reissued as a Columbia LP in 1949 and is described by the critic Bruce Eder as "a bit tamer than some of the stuff that Kaye hit with later in the '40s and in the '50s, and for reasons best understood by the public, doesn't attract nearly the interest of his kids' records and overt comedy routines".<ref name="allmusic_1949">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 1950, a Decca single, "I've Got a Lovely Bunch of Coconuts", was released, and became another chart hit for him.<ref name="allmusic"/> His second Columbia LP album Danny Kaye Entertains (1953, Columbia) included five songs recorded in 1941 from his Broadway musical Lady in the Dark, most notably "Tschaikowsky (and Other Russians)".<ref name="allmusic_195o">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Following the success of the film Hans Christian Andersen (1952), two of its songs written by Frank Loesser and sung by Kaye, "Thumbelina" and "Wonderful Copenhagen", reached the charts; the former title became a minor US hit, and the latter reached number five on the UK Singles Chart.<ref name="allmusic"/><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">Template:Cite book</ref> In 1953, Decca released Danny at the Palace, a live recording made at the New York Palace Theater,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> followed by Knock On Wood (Decca, 1954) a set of songs from the movie of the same name sung by Kaye, accompanied by Victor Young and His Singing Strings.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 1956, Kaye signed a three-year recording contract with Capitol Records, which released his single "Love Me Do" in December of that year.<ref>Love Me Do/Ciu Ciu Bella. Record details @ 45cat</ref> The B-side, "Ciu Ciu Bella", with lyrics written by Sylvia Fine, was inspired by an episode in Rome when Kaye, on a mission for UNICEF, befriended a 7-year-old child with polio in a children's hospital, who sang this song for him in Italian.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 1958, Saul Chaplin and Johnny Mercer wrote songs for Merry Andrew, a film starring Kaye as a British teacher attracted to the circus. The score added up to six numbers, all sung by Kaye; conductor Billy May's 1950 composition "Bozo's Circus Band" (renamed "Music of the Big Top Circus Band") was deposited on the second side of the Merry Andrew soundtrack, released in 1958.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A year later, another soundtrack came out, for The Five Pennies (in which Kaye starred as 1920s cornet player Red Nichols), featuring Louis Armstrong.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In the 1960s and 1970s, Kaye regularly conducted world-famous orchestras, although he had to learn the scores by ear.<ref name="official">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Kaye's style, even if accompanied by unpredictable antics (he once traded the baton for a flyswatter to conduct "The Flight of the Bumblebee")<ref name="official"/> was praised by the likes of Zubin Mehta, who once stated that Kaye "has a very efficient conducting style".<ref name="KennedyCenter"/> His ability with an orchestra was mentioned by Dimitri Mitropoulos, then conductor of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra. After Kaye's appearance, Mitropoulos remarked, "Here is a man who is not musically trained, who cannot even read music and he gets more out of my orchestra than I have."<ref name=Conversation>Template:Cite news</ref> Kaye was invited to conduct symphonies as charity fundraisers<ref name=Wife/><ref name="Star"/> and was the conductor of the all-city marching band at the season opener of the Los Angeles Dodgers in 1984. Over his career, he raised over US$5 million in support of musician pension funds.<ref name="KennedyCenter">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
ImitationsEdit
Kaye was sufficiently popular to inspire imitations:
- The 1946 Warner Bros. cartoon Book Revue had a sequence with Daffy Duck wearing a blond wig and impersonating Kaye.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Satirical songwriter Tom Lehrer's 1953 song "Lobachevsky" was based on a number that Kaye had done, about the Russian director Constantin Stanislavski, with the affected Russian accent. Lehrer mentioned Kaye in an opening monologue, citing him as an "idol since childbirth".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Superman creators Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster fashioned a short-lived superhero title, Funnyman, taking inspiration from Kaye's persona.
Other endeavorsEdit
CookingEdit
In his later years, Kaye entertained at home as chef. He specialized in Chinese and Italian cooking.<ref name="Star"/><ref name= Rice>Template:Cite news</ref> He had a custom-made Chinese restaurant installed at the rear of his house by its alley, then had a kitchen and dining area built around it.<ref name=Rice/> The stove that Kaye used for his Chinese dishes was fitted with metal rings for the burners to allow the heat to be highly concentrated, and a trough with circulating ice water cooled the area to keep the intense heat tolerable for those who were cooking.<ref name=Today>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He learned "at Johnny Kan's restaurant in San Francisco and with Cecilia Chang at her Mandarin restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles".<ref name= Rice /> He taught Chinese cooking classes at a San Francisco Chinese restaurant in the 1970s.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The theatre and demonstration kitchen under the library at the Hyde Park, New York, campus of the Culinary Institute of America is named for him.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Kaye referred to his kitchen as "Ying's Thing". While filming The Madwoman of Chaillot in France, he phoned home to ask his family if they would like to eat at Ying's Thing that evening; Kaye flew home for dinner.<ref name=Dena/> Not all of his efforts in the kitchen went well. After flying to San Francisco for a recipe for sourdough bread, he came home and spent hours preparing loaves. When his daughter asked about the bread, Kaye hit the bread on the kitchen table; his bread was hard enough to chip it.<ref name=Dena/> Kaye approached kitchen work with enthusiasm, making sausages and other foods needed for his cuisine.<ref name=Today/><ref name=Writer/> Though it is often claimed that he was a Meilleur Ouvrier de France (MOF),<ref name=Conversation/> this is not true, as the MOF is restricted to French professionals.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Rather, he had cooked for several famous French chefs at his house (all of them MOFs), and they signed an "honorary" Meilleur Ouvrier de France diploma for him.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
FlyingEdit
Kaye became an aviation enthusiast and pilot. His interest was sparked by his longtime friend, choreographer Michael Kidd, who at the time had recently earned his private pilot's license. Kaye was an enthusiastic and accomplished golfer, but reduced golf activities in favor of flying and started training for his license in 1959.<ref name=Fly/> <ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The first plane Kaye owned was a Piper Aztec.<ref name=Fly>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> After this, he became qualified for many types of aircraft, from single-engined light aircraft to multiengine jets.<ref name="Star"/><ref name=Conversation/><ref name=Fly/><ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead link</ref>
Kaye received a type rating in a Learjet, and he was named vice president of the Learjet Company by Bill Lear as an honorary title (he had no line responsibility at the company).<ref name="Flyingmag">Template:Cite journal</ref> He supported many flying projects. In 1968, he was honorary chairman of the Las Vegas International Exposition of Flight, a show that used many facets of the city's entertainment industry while presenting an air show. The operational show chairman was well-known aviation figure Lynn Garrison. Kaye flew a Learjet to 65 cities in five days on a mission to help UNICEF.<ref name=Conversation/><ref name=Flyingmag/>
Business venturesEdit
In 1958, Kaye and partner Lester Smith formed Kaye–Smith Enterprises. The company owned a chain of radio stations, mostly in the Pacific Northwest. Other Kaye–Smith divisions included a concert-promotion company, a video-production company, and a recording studio.
BaseballEdit
A lifelong Dodgers fan, Kaye recorded a song called "D-O-D-G-E-R-S (Oh, Really? No, O'Malley!)", describing a fictitious encounter with the San Francisco Giants, a hit during the real-life pennant chase of 1962.<ref>"D-O-D-G-E-R-S (Oh, Really? No, O'Malley)" at Baseball Almanac</ref> That song is included on Baseball's Greatest Hits compact discs. A good friend of Leo Durocher's, he often traveled with the team.<ref name=Time/> He also possessed an encyclopedic knowledge of the game and was an accomplished second baseman.<ref name="Star">Template:Cite news</ref>
Kaye and his business partner Lester Smith also led an investment group, which was awarded the American League's 13th franchise, which became the Seattle Mariners for US$6.2 million on February 7, 1976.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The ownership percentages of Kaye, Smith, and two other remaining original investors were reduced to 5% each when George Argyros purchased 80% of the Mariners for $10.4 million on January 30, 1981.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Kaye sold all of his business interests to Smith's family in 1985.<ref name="kayesmith">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
MedicineEdit
Kaye was an honorary member of the American College of Surgeons and the American Academy of Pediatrics.<ref name="Star"/>
CharityEdit
Working alongside UNICEF's Halloween fundraiser founder, Ward Simon Kimball Jr., the actor educated the public on impoverished children in deplorable living conditions overseas, and assisted in the distribution of donated goods and funds. His involvement with UNICEF came about in an unusual way. Kaye was flying home from London in 1949 when one of the plane's four engines lost its propeller and caught fire. The problem was initially thought serious enough that it might make an ocean landing; life jackets and life rafts were made ready.<ref name=":0" /> The plane was able to head back over 500 miles (804.67 km) to land at Shannon Airport, Ireland. On the way back to Shannon, the head of the Children's Fund, Maurice Pate, had the seat next to Danny Kaye and spoke at length about the need for recognition for the fund. Their discussion continued on the flight from Shannon to New York; it was the beginning of the actor's long association with UNICEF.<ref name="UNICEF 2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
"For all of his success as a performer (...) his greatest legacy remains his tireless humanitarian work—so close were his ties to the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) that when the organization received the Nobel Peace Prize, Kaye was tapped to accept it", according to music critic Jason Ankeny.<ref name="allmusic"/>
Personal lifeEdit
Kaye and Sylvia Fine grew up in Brooklyn, living a few blocks apart, but they did not meet until they were working on an off-Broadway show in 1939.<ref name=Met>Template:Cite news</ref> Sylvia was an audition pianist.<ref name=Wife/><ref name=Fine>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Sylvia discovered that Danny had worked for her father Samuel Fine, a dentist.<ref name=Time/> Kaye, working in Florida, proposed on the telephone; they were married in Fort Lauderdale<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead link</ref> on January 3, 1940.<ref name="Obit">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> They were married for life, except for a separation in 1947 and 1948, when Kaye was involved with Eve Arden.<ref name="TCM Review">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The couple's only child, daughter Dena, was born on December 17, 1946.<ref name=TV/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> When she was very young, Dena did not like seeing her father perform because she did not understand that people were supposed to laugh at what he did.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Kaye said in a 1954 interview, "Whatever she wants to be she will be without interference from her mother nor from me."<ref name=Life>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=Writer>Template:Cite news</ref> Dena grew up to become a journalist.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Donald Spoto, the author of Laurence Olivier (HarperCollins), made an unsubstantiated claim that Kaye had a 10-year secret affair with Laurence Olivier.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Despite media rumor since that book's publication, no evidence has been published. English journalist Terry Coleman, who spent four years studying Olivier's archive of letters and memorabilia, could not find evidence of such an affair between Kaye and Olivier. Coleman observed, "I did check it and talked to a number of people. In this mountain of material in the archives, I could not find a hint of an affair with Danny Kaye."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
On January 18, 2013, during a 24-hour salute to Kaye on Turner Classic Movies in celebration of what TCM thought was his 100th birthday, Kaye's daughter Dena revealed to TCM host Ben Mankiewicz that Kaye's stated birth year of 1913 was incorrect, and that he was actually born in 1911.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
A lifelong Democrat, he supported Adlai Stevenson's campaign during the 1952 presidential election.<ref>Motion Picture and Television Magazine. November 1952, page 33.</ref> Kaye was the godfather of actress Mary Louise Weller.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Health and deathEdit
In 1983, Kaye had quadruple bypass heart surgery and contracted hepatitis C from a blood transfusion.<ref name="Star"/><ref name="Gazette">Template:Cite news</ref> He died at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in the early morning hours of March 3, 1987, aged 76, from complications of heart failure, internal bleeding, and hepatitis C.<ref name="fool">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
LegacyEdit
Kaye's body was cremated and his ashes were interred in the foundation of a bench in Kensico Cemetery in Valhalla, New York.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> His grave is adorned with a bench that contains friezes of a baseball and bat, an aircraft, a piano, a flowerpot, musical notes, and a chef's toque. His name and birth and death dates are inscribed on the toque. The United Nations held a memorial tribute to him at its New York headquarters on the evening of October 21, 1987.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name = Lewis>Template:Cite news</ref>
The Sylvia and Danny Kaye Playhouse at Hunter College in New York was opened in 1988, with a $1 million gift from Sylvia Kaye.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
David Koenig reflects, "His legacy has dimmed with the passage of time. His greatest works (...) endure today only as memories in the minds of aging members of his audiences (...) much of his TV work has not aged particularly well. Whimsy was of another time." However, Koenig sees Kaye's film work in a different light, "History has smiled on individual pictures — in particular the holiday staple of White Christmas and The Court Jester... the medieval romp has steadily gained a reputation as one of the greatest comedies of all time."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Comedian George Carlin idolized Kaye and wanted to be just like him, and although he eventually realized he wasn't as good an actor as Kaye was, he constantly referred to his sad realization of not being able to attain his boyhood dream of being like Kaye. But near the end of his life, he took more acting roles as he never really gave up on the dream.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
HonorsEdit
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- Kaye was knighted by Queen Margrethe II of Denmark on November 10, 1983. He was awarded the cross of the Knight of the Dannebrog, 1st Class, for his work with UNICEF and longstanding ties with Denmark. Kaye portrayed Hans Christian Andersen in the 1952 film of the same name.<ref name="Times-News">Template:Cite news</ref>
- Chevalier of the French Legion of Honor on February 24, 1986, for his work for UNICEF.<ref name=Honor/>
- On June 23, 1987, Kaye was posthumously presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Ronald Reagan. The award was received by his daughter Dena.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- In 1988, Kaye was posthumously inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- UNICEF created the Danny Kaye International Children's Award in his honor, a children's European singing competition shown every year between 1988 and 1992 hosted by Audrey Hepburn and Roger Moore.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Awards and other recognitionEdit
- Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy in 1951, for On the Riviera
- Received an honorary Academy Award Oscar in 1955 "for his unique talents, his service to the Academy, the motion picture industry, and the American people".
- Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy in 1958, for Me and the Colonel
- Lions Clubs International The first recipient of the Lions Clubs International Foundation's Humanitarian Award. (1973–74)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award (1981)
- Asteroid 6546 Kaye
- Three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame; for his work in music, radio, and films<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Kennedy Center Honor (1984)
- Grand Marshal of the Tournament of Roses Parade (1984)
- The song "I Wish I Was Danny Kaye" on Miracle Legion's 1996 album Portrait of a Damaged Family
- UNICEF's New York Visitor's Centre is named to honor Danny Kaye.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- In December 1996, the PBS series American Masters aired a special on Kaye's life.<ref>Template:Cite episode</ref>
- In San Antonio, Texas named a street in the neighborhood Oak Hills Terrace (located in the city's northwest) is named for Danny Kaye near streets bearing other familiar names from TV and movies.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The neighborhood was established in the late 1960s.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- The careers of Kaye and Fine are immortalized in The Danny Kaye and Sylvia Fine Collection at the Library of Congress. The materials preserved in the collection include manuscripts, scores, scripts, photographs, sound recordings, and video clips.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- On June 9, 1986, Danny Kaye was crowned King of Brooklyn at the Back to Brooklyn Day Festival. Danny Kaye was there to accept his crown.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
FilmographyEdit
FilmEdit
TelevisionEdit
- Autumn Laughter (1938) (experimental telecast)
- The Secret Life of Danny Kaye (1956) (See It Now special)
- What's My Line? (1960) (celebrity mystery guest)
- An Hour With Danny Kaye (1960 and 1961) (specials)
- The Danny Kaye Show with Lucille Ball (1962) (special)
- The Danny Kaye Show (1963–1967) (series)
- The Lucy Show: "Lucy Meets Danny Kaye" (1964) (guest appearance)
- Rowan And Martin's Laugh-In (1970)
- Here Comes Peter Cottontail (1971) (voice)
- The Dick Cavett Show (1971) (interview guest)
- The Enchanted World of Danny Kaye: The Emperor's New Clothes (1972) (special)
- An Evening with John Denver (1975) (special)
- Pinocchio (1976) (CBS special); live action television musical adaptation starring Kaye as Gepetto and Sandy Duncan in the title role
- Peter Pan (1976) (NBC special); live action television musical adaptation starring Mia Farrow in the title role, and Kaye as Captain Hook
- The Muppet Show (1978) (guest appearance)
- Disneyland's 25th Anniversary (1980) (special guest appearance)
- An Evening with Danny Kaye (1981) (special)
- Skokie (1981) (television movie)
- "Epcot Center: The Opening Celebration" television special (1982) (host and conductor)
- The Twilight Zone: "Paladin of the Lost Hour" (1985) (guest appearance)
- The Cosby Show: "The Dentist" (1986) (guest appearance)
Stage workEdit
- The Straw Hat Revue (1939)
- Lady in the Dark (1941)
- Let's Face It! (1941)
- Two by Two (1970)
Selected discographyEdit
Studio albumsEdit
- Danny Kaye (Decca, 1949)
- Gilbert And Sullivan And Danny Kaye (Decca, 1949)
- Danny Kaye Entertains (Columbia, 1950)
- Mommy, Gimme a Drinka Water (Orchestration by Gordon Jenkins) (Capitol, 1958)
- The Five Pennies (with Louis Armstrong, London, 1959)
SoundtracksEdit
- Hans Christian Andersen (1952)
- Knock on Wood (Decca, 1954)
- Court Jester (Brunswick, 1956)
- Merry Andrew (1958)
Spoken wordEdit
- Danny Kaye for Children (Coral, 1959)
- Danny Kaye Tells 6 Stories from Faraway Places (Golden, 1960)
CompilationsEdit
- Selections from Irving Berlin's White Christmas (1954)
- The Best of Danny Kaye (Decca, 1965)
- Two by Two (Columbia, 1970)
- The Very Best of Danny Kaye (20 Golden Greats) (MCA, 1987)
Charting singlesEdit
- "Bloop Bleep" (With Orchestra Directed by Billy May, Decca) US No. 21, 1947<ref name=":2"/>
- "Civilization (Bongo, Bongo, Bongo)" from the Broadway musical Angel in the Wings (Danny Kaye – Andrews Sisters, with Vic Schoen and His Orchestra, Decca) US No. 3, 1947<ref name=":2"/>
- "The Woody Woodpecker" (Danny Kaye – Andrews Sisters, With The Harmonica Gentlemen, Decca) US No. 18, 1948<ref name=":2"/>
- "I've Got a Lovely Bunch of Coconuts" (With The Harmonaires And Orchestra Directed By Vic Schoen, Decca) US No. 26, 1950<ref name=":2"/>
- "C'est Si Bon (It's So Good)" (With Lee Gordon Singers And Vic Schoen And His Orchestra, Decca) US No. 21, 1950<ref name="Whitburn" />
- "Black Strap Molasses" (Danny Kaye – Jimmy Durante – Jane Wyman – Groucho Marx with 4 Hits and A Miss and Orchestra Directed by Sonny Burke, Decca) US No. 29, 1951<ref name="Whitburn" />
- "Thumbelina" (Danny Kaye and Gordon Jenkins and his Chorus and Orchestra, Decca) US No. 28, 1952<ref name="Whitburn" />
- "Wonderful Copenhagen" (Danny Kaye and Gordon Jenkins and his Chorus and Orchestra, Decca) UK No. 5, 1953<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- "Little Child (Daddy Dear)" with Dena Kaye (Decca, 1956) US Cash Box No. 25<ref name="Whitburn" />
- "Ciu Ciu Bella" (Capitol, 1956) US Music Vendor No. 76<ref name="Whitburn" />
- "Lullaby in Ragtime" with Eileen Wilson (Dot, 1959) US Music Vendor No. 116<ref name="Whitburn" />
- "D-O-D-G-E-R-S Song (Oh, Really? No, O'Malley)" (Reprise, 1962) US Cash Box No. 113<ref name="Whitburn">Template:Cite book</ref>
ReferencesEdit
SourcesEdit
- Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom Template:Webarchive, June 23, 1987; accessed March 9, 2015.
External linksEdit
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- {{#if:Danny Kaye (2)|Template:PAGENAMEBASE discography at Discogs|{{#if:Template:Wikidata|Template:Wikidata Template:PAGENAMEBASE discography at DiscogsTemplate:EditAtWikidata|Template:PAGENAMEBASE discography at Discogs}}}}
- Royal Engineers Museum
- Literature on Danny Kaye
- Template:Find a Grave
- FBI Records: The Vault – Danny Kaye, fbi.gov; accessed June 4, 2017.
- Danny Kaye and Sylvia Fine Collection and the Online Danny Kaye and Sylvia Fine Collection at the Library of Congress
- Danny Kaye recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings
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