Euarchontoglires

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Euarchontoglires (from: Euarchonta ("true rulers") + Glires ("dormice")), synonymous with Supraprimates, is a clade and a superorder of placental mammals, the living members of which belong to one of the five following groups: rodents, lagomorphs, treeshrews, primates, and colugos.

Evolutionary affinities within mammalsEdit

File:OrthoMaM v10b 2019 116genera circular tree.svg

Phylogenetic position of living Euarchontoglires (in blue) among placentals in a genus-level molecular phylogeny of 116 extant mammals inferred from the gene tree information of 14,509 coding DNA sequences.<ref name=Scornavacca2019>Template:Cite journal</ref> The other major clades are colored: marsupials (magenta), xenarthrans (orange), afrotherians (red), and laurasiatherians (green).

The Euarchontoglires clade is based on DNA sequence analyses and retrotransposon markers that combine the clades Glires (Rodentia + Lagomorpha) and Euarchonta (Scandentia + Primates + Dermoptera).<ref name=Murphy2001>Template:Cite journal</ref> It is usually discussed without a taxonomic rank but has been called a cohort, magnorder, or superorder. Relations among the four cohorts (Euarchontoglires, Xenarthra, Laurasiatheria, Afrotheria) and the identity of the placental root remain controversial.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=Kumar2009>Template:Cite journal</ref>

So far, few, if any, distinctive anatomical features have been recognized that support Euarchontoglires; nor does any strong evidence from anatomy support alternative hypotheses.Template:Citation needed Although both Euarchontoglires and diprotodont marsupials are documented to possess a vermiform appendix, this feature evolved as a result of convergent evolution.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Euarchontoglires probably split from the Boreoeutheria magnorder about 85 to 95 million years ago, during the Cretaceous, and developed in the Laurasian island group that would later become Europe.Template:Cn This hypothesis is supported by molecular evidence; so far, the earliest known fossils date to the early Paleocene.<ref name=placental_radiation>Template:Cite journal</ref> The combined clade of Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria is recognized as Boreoeutheria.Template:Citation needed

Phylogenetic relationships within the cladeEdit

The hypothesized relationship among the Euarchontoglires is as follows:<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

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One study based on DNA analysis suggests that Scandentia and Primates are sister clades, but does not discuss the position of Dermoptera.<ref name="Song2012">Template:Cite journal</ref> Although it is known that Scandentia is one of the most basal Euarchontoglires clades, the exact phylogenetic position is not yet considered resolved, and it may be a sister of Glires, Primatomorpha or Dermoptera or to all other Euarchontoglires.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=Kumar2009/><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Some old studies place Scandentia as sister of the Glires, invalidating Euarchonta.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Whole-genome duplication may have taken place in the ancestral Euarchontoglires.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

ReferencesEdit

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Further readingEdit

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(unranked) Amniota

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