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Foreign relations of Brunei

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Template:Short description Template:EngvarB Template:Use dmy dates

Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists Brunei maintains diplomatic relations with 170 out of 193 countries, joined ASEAN on 7 January 1984, one week after resuming full independence, and gives its ASEAN membership the highest priority in its foreign relations. Brunei joined the United Nations in September 1984. It is also a member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum and the Commonwealth of Nations. Brunei hosted the APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in November 2000. In 2005 it attended the inaugural East Asia Summit.

Brunei has a number of diplomatic missions abroad and has close relations with Singapore, sharing an interchangeable currency regime as well as close military relations with the latter island-state. Aside from relations with other ASEAN states, of which the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia are key partners, Brunei also has extensive relations with the Muslim world and the Arab world outside its own region.

International organizationsEdit

Brunei became a member state of the Commonwealth in 1984,<ref name="Brunei_UK_Commonwealth_1984">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> ASEAN and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation in 1984,<ref name="UN_1984">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the 7th member of the ASEAN-Japan Centre in 1990,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the 159th United Nations member on 21 September 1985,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> a major player in BIMP-EAGA in 1994,<ref name="BIMP_1994">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and a founding member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995.<ref name="WTO_2008">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Since 2009, Brunei and the Philippines signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) that seeks to strengthen the bilateral co-operation of the two countries in the fields of agriculture and farm-related trade and investments.<ref>Marvyn N. Benaning (29 April 2009) RP, "Brunei seal agri cooperation deal"Template:Dead link, Manila Bulletin</ref>

Diplomatic relationsEdit

Brunei maintains diplomatic relations with the following countries:

File:Diplomatic relations of Brunei.svg
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Bilateral relationsEdit

Country Formal relations began Notes
Template:Flag 1 January 1984 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Australia and Brunei Darussalam enjoy a warm, and increasingly diverse bilateral relationship. Australian servicemen liberated Brunei from Japanese occupation in June 1945. A memorial marking this event can be found at Muara Beach and is the venue for the annual ANZAC Day ceremony organised by the High Commission. Both countries are also participating in the Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) negotiations which commenced in 2010, with participants aiming to conclude an agreement which will serve as a building block for Asia Pacific economic integration.

Brunei has a High Commission in Canberra, and Australia has one in Bandar Seri Begawan.<ref name="ab">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Relations between the two countries were established in 1984 when Australia became one of the first countries to establish diplomatic ties with Brunei.<ref name="ab"/><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Template:Flag 9 June 1992 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Brunei has an embassy in Phnom Penh, and Cambodia has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan.<ref name="bc">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Relations were established on 9 June 1992.<ref name="bc"/>

Template:Flag 1 January 1984 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Canada established diplomatic relations with Brunei Darussalam on 7 May 1984, following Brunei's independence.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref><ref name="gc">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Brunei has a High Commission in Ottawa, and Canada has a High Commission in Bandar Seri Begawan.<ref name="gc"/> Like Brunei, Canada is a full member of the Commonwealth of Nations..

Template:Flag 30 September 1991 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Brunei has an embassy in Beijing, and China has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Relations can be traced back to over 2,000 years ago, as early as the Western Han periods.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Template:Flag 8 May 1984 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Brunei has an embassy in Paris, and France has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan.<ref name="bf">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Relations between the two countries have been established since 8 May 1984.<ref name="bf"/>

Template:Flag 30 January 1984 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Brunei has an embassy in Berlin, and Germany has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan.<ref name="bg">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Relations between the two countries has been established since 1 May 1984.<ref name="bg"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Template:Flag 10 May 1984 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Brunei has a High Commission in New Delhi, and India has a High Commission in Bandar Seri Begawan.<ref name="bi">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Relations have been established since 10 May 1984.<ref name="bi"/>

Template:Flag 1 January 1984 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Republic of Indonesia established diplomatic relations with Brunei Darussalam on 1 January 1984.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Template:Flag 1 May 1990 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Template:Flag 2 April 1984 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
File:Embassy of Japan in Bandar Seri Begawan 1.jpg
Embassy of Japan in Bandar Seri Begawan

Brunei has an embassy in Tokyo, and Japan has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan.<ref name="bj">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Relations were established on 2 April 1984.<ref name="bj"/>

Template:Flag 27 July 1993 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Brunei has an embassy in Vientiane, and Laos has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan.<ref name="bl">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Relations were established on 27 July 1993.<ref name="bl"/>

Template:Flag 1 January 1984 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Both countries established diplomatic relations since January 1984 with Brunei has a High Commission in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has a High Commission in Bandar Seri Begawan.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Like Brunei, Malaysia is a full member of the Commonwealth of Nations.

Template:Flag 2 October 1991 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 October 1991
Template:Flag 21 September 1993 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Brunei has an embassy in Yangon, and Myanmar has an embassy in Gadong.<ref name="bb">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Relations were established on 21 September 1993.<ref name="bb" />

Template:Flag 5 May 1984 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

The Bruneian High Commission in Kuala Lumpur is accredited to New Zealand, while the New Zealand High Commission in Kuala Lumpur is cross-accredited to Brunei.<ref name="bn">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Relations has been established since 5 May 1984 and have always been friendly and positive with such co-operation in education trade and defence.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Template:Flag 7 January 1999

In August 2013 Brunei's Foreign Affairs and Vice-Minister, Prince Mohamed Bolkiah arrived in Pyongyang. Brunei is represented in North Korea, through its embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

North Korea established diplomatic relations with Brunei on 7 January 1999.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Template:Flag 24 March 1984 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Brunei has an embassy in Muscat, and Oman has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan.<ref name="bo">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Relations has been established since 24 March 1984.<ref name="bo"/>

Template:Flag 9 February 1984 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Pakistan has a High Commission in Bandar Seri Begawan and Brunei has a High Commission in Islamabad. Pakistan initially hesitated to recognise the country at first since its close relations with Malaysia which what they considered as part of the Federation of Malaysia but later established relations on 9 February 1984 when Malaysia established relations with the country.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Template:Flag 1 January 1984 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Relations between Brunei and the natives of a then divided Philippines under a classical era started since the 10th to 13th centuries and continued even under the colonial regimes. Relations continued through the Sultanate of Sulu. Post World War II relations between the two countries has been re-established since January 1984.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> In April 2009, Brunei and The Philippines signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) that seeks to strengthen the bilateral co-operation of the two countries in the fields of agriculture and farm-related trade and investments.<ref>"RP, Brunei sign farm-cooperation deal" Template:Webarchive</ref> The MOU further strengthened bilateral co-operation between the two Southeast Asian countries, particularly in the fields of agriculture and farm-related trade and investments.<ref>"RP, Brunei seal agricultural cooperation deal"</ref> The two countries have agreed to co-operate in plant science, crops technology, vegetable and fruit preservation, biotechnology, post-harvest technology, livestock, organic agriculture, irrigation and water resources and Halal industry. Brunei is viewed by the Philippines as a key ASEAN and Islamic ally. While Brunei view the Philippines as an ASEAN and Christian ally with a Muslim minority. <ref>"RP, Brunei agree to strengthen bilateral ties in agriculture"</ref>

Template:Flag 2 October 1991 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Brunei has an embassy in Doha, and Qatar has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan.<ref name="bq">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Template:Flag 1 October 1991 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Brunei maintains an embassy in Moscow, the Russian embassy in Brunei was established in March 2010.

Template:Flag 1 January 1984 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

The official relations between the two countries have been established since 1984.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Brunei and Singapore agreed to have Singapore train its armed forces with Brunei. Like Brunei, Singapore is a full member of the Commonwealth of Nations.

Brunei and Singapore have a currency agreement that the currencies of both countries can be used in either of the two countries. The Brunei dollar and the Singapore dollar are maintained at par.

In August 2005, Brunei's Foreign Affairs and Trade Minister, Prince Mohamed Bolkiah arrived in Singapore for a three-day visit during which the two countries signed an agreement to eliminate double taxation, paving the way for further bilateral trade and investment.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The Royal Brunei Navy and the Republic of Singapore Navy conduct an annual Exercise Pelican signifying strong ties between the two navies.

Template:Flag 1 January 1984 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Brunei has an embassy in Seoul, and South Korea has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan.<ref name="bs">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> South Korea established diplomatic relations with Brunei on 1 June 1984 right after the country gained independence from the United Kingdom on 1 January on that year.<ref name="bs"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Template:Flag 1 January 1984 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Brunei has an embassy in Bangkok, and Thailand has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> The relations have always been close and cordial.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Template:Flag 1 January 1984 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Sultan of Brunei (54214371358).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Bruneian Sultanate Hassanal Bolkiah in Downing Street, December 2024.

Brunei established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 1 January 1984.<ref name="britain"/>

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to the Brunei through its high commission in Bandar Seri Begawan.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Brunei from 1888 to 1984, when Brunei achieved full independence.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, CPTPP, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK and Brunei have a long-standing and strong bilateral relationship, particularly on defence co-operation, trade and education. The UK continues to play a strong role in developing Brunei's oil and gas sector, and the Brunei Investment Agency is a significant investor in the UK, with their largest overseas operations in the City of London. The UK remains the destination of choice for Bruneian students, with about 1,220 of them enrolled in higher education in the UK in 2006–07.Template:Fix The Brunei royal family have strong ties to the UK, more specifically Birchwood, a suburb of Warrington.

Template:Flag 10 March 1984 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

The US welcomed Brunei Darussalam's full independence from the United Kingdom on 1 January 1984, and opened an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan on that date. Brunei opened its embassy in Washington, D.C. in March 1984. Brunei's armed forces engage in joint exercises, training programs, and other military co-operation with the USA memorandum of understanding on defence co-operation was signed on 29 November 1994. The Sultan of Brunei visited Washington in December 2002.

Template:Flag 29 February 1992 labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Relations between the two countries have been established since 29 February 1992.<ref name="bv">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Brunei has an embassy in Hanoi, and Vietnam has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan.<ref name="bv"/> Relations between the two countries have always been friendly especially in the political field.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

Template:Foreign relations of the Commonwealth of Nations Template:Foreign relations of Brunei Template:Foreign relations of Asia Template:Brunei topics

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