Foreign relations of Georgia
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Sidebar with collapsible listsGeorgia's location, nestled between the Black Sea, Russia, and Turkey, renders it strategically important. It is developing as the gateway from the Black Sea to the Caucasus and the larger Caspian region, but also serves as a buffer between Russia and Turkey. Georgia has a long and tumultuous relationship with Russia, but it is reaching out to its other neighbours and looking to the West in search of alternatives and opportunities. It signed a partnership and cooperation agreement with the European Union, participates in the Partnership for Peace, and encourages foreign investment. France, Germany, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States all have embassies in Tbilisi. Georgia in 2004-2008 sought to become a member of NATO, but did not succeed in the face of strong Russian opposition.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Georgia is a member of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, and the OSCE. Because of its strategic location, Georgia is in both the Russian and American spheres of influence;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> however, Georgia's relationship with Russia is at its lowest point since 1921 due to Russo-Georgian War. As a result, Georgia broke off diplomatic relations with Russia and has left the Commonwealth of Independent States.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Nana Bolashvili, Andreas Dittmann, Lorenz King, Vazha Neidze (eds.): National Atlas of Georgia, 138 pages, Steiner Verlag, 2018, Template:ISBN</ref>
Diplomatic relationsEdit
List of countries which Georgia maintains diplomatic relations with:
Relations by countryEdit
MultilateralEdit
| Organization | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Template:Flag | See Georgia–European Union relations and Accession of Georgia to the European Union | |
| Template:Flag | See Georgia–NATO relations |
AfricaEdit
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts | See Algeria–Georgia relations | ||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
See Egypt–Georgia relations | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts | See Georgia–South Africa relations
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AmericasEdit
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Flag | April 1993 | See Brazil–Georgia relations
| |||
| Template:Flag | 23 July 1992 | See Canada–Georgia relations
| |||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
See Georgia–Mexico relations
|
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| Template:Flag<ref name="SO2008" group="note" /> | Template:Dts<ref name="nicaragua">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> — Template:Dts<ref name="nicaragua2">Template:Cite news</ref> |
See Georgia–Nicaragua relations
Nicaraguan-Georgian diplomatic relations established on 19 September 1994<ref name="nicaragua"/> and ended on 29 November 2008. The Georgian Foreign Ministry said that it had cut diplomatic ties with Nicaragua in a response to the latter's recognition of independence of breakaway South Ossetia and Abkhazia.<ref name="nicaragua2"/> | ||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Georgia–United States relations On 9 January 2009, the U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Georgian Foreign Minister Grigol Vashadze signed a Charter on Strategic Partnership, a nonbinding document outlining areas of cooperation and reiterating the U.S. support for Georgia's territorial integrity and to Georgia's NATO membership.<ref>United States-Georgia Charter on Strategic Partnership. Civil Georgia. 9 January 2009</ref> |
AsiaEdit
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
See Armenia–Georgia relations
| |||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
See Azerbaijan–Georgia relations
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
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See China–Georgia relations
| |||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts |
Georgia is represented in Timor by its embassy in Jakarta.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref> | |||
| Template:Flag | See Georgia–Hong Kong relations | |||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | See Georgia–India relations | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | |||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
See Persia-Georgia relations, Georgia–Iran relations
| |||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts | See Georgia–Iraq relations | ||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Georgia–Israel relations
| ||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
See Georgia–Japan relations
Georgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relations with Japan | |||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
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See Georgia–Kazakhstan relations
| |||
| Template:Flag |
| |||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts | See Georgia–Kyrgyzstan relations
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
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See Georgia–Malaysia relations
| |||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts | See Georgia–Myanmar relations | ||||
| Template:Flag | See Georgia–Saudi Arabia relations
| |||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | See Georgia–South Korea relations
The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and Georgia began on 14 December 1992.<ref name="mofa.go.kr">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name="syria">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> — Template:Dts<ref name="syria2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Georgia–Syria relations Georgia began the procedure of terminating diplomatic relations with Syria due to Damascus' recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. | |||
| Template:Flag | none | Republic of China passports are not valid for entry in Georgia, while the Taiwanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs declared Georgia as a "non-friendly country" to Taiwan.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | |||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts | See Georgia–Tajikistan relations
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
See Georgia–Turkey relations | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
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}}</ref>
| |
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts | See Georgia–United Arab Emirates relations
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EuropeEdit
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Albania–Georgia relations | |||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
See Austria–Georgia relations
| ||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts | See Belarus–Georgia relations
| |||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Bulgaria–Georgia relations
|
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}}</ref>
|
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}}</ref>
| |||
| Template:Flag | See Croatia–Georgia relations
| ||||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Cyprus–Georgia relations
| |||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Denmark–Georgia relations
| |||||
| Template:Flag | See Estonia–Georgia relations | ||||||
| Template:Flag | See Finland–Georgia relations | ||||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See France–Georgia relations
| |||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
See Georgia–Germany relations
|
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts | See Georgia–Greece relations
| |||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
See Georgia–Hungary relations | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | |||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts | See Georgia–Iceland relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 1992. | |||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Georgia–Italy relations
| |||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
See Georgia–Latvia relations
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| |||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts | See Georgia–Liechtenstein relations | |||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
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See Georgia–Lithuania relations
|
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts | See Georgia–Luxembourg relations | |||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Georgia–Malta relations | |||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
See Georgia–Moldova relations
| ||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts | See Georgia–Monaco relations | |||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts | See Georgia–Montenegro relations | |||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref name="netherlands.mfa.gov.ge">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Georgia–Netherlands relations
|
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}}</ref>
| |||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts | See Georgia–Norway relations | |||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Georgia–Poland relations
| |||||
| Template:Flag | See Georgia–Portugal relations
| ||||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
See Georgia–Romania relations
| ||||
| Template:FlagTemplate:Refn | Template:Dts—Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Georgia–Russia relations On 29 August 2008, in the aftermath of the 2008 South Ossetia war, Deputy Foreign Minister Grigol Vashadze announced that Georgia had broken diplomatic relations with Russia. He also said that Russian diplomats must leave Georgia, and that no Georgian diplomat would remain in Russia, while only consular relations would be maintained. Russian foreign ministry spokesman Andrei Nesterenko said that Russia regretted this step.<ref name="Georgia breaks relations with Russia">Georgia breaks relations with Russia Template:Webarchive</ref> | |||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
See Georgia–Serbia relations
| ||||
| Template:Flag | 13 January 1993 | See Georgia–Slovenia relations | |||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts | See Georgia–Spain relations
| |||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Georgia–Sweden relations
| |||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
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See Georgia–Switzerland relations
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Georgia–Ukraine relations Relations between Georgia and Ukraine and between the Georgian and Ukrainian people in particular last from the Middle Ages. | |||||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
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See Georgia–United Kingdom relations
Georgia established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 27 April 1992. |
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}}</ref>
|
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}}</ref> Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the International Criminal Court, OSCE, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have and an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref> and a Strategic Partnership and Cooperation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref> |
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts | See Georgia–Holy See relations
|
OceaniaEdit
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
See Australia–Georgia relations
| ||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Fiji–Georgia relations
|
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}}</ref><ref name="fiji.gov.fj">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
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While their ties have been limited, Kiribati's President Anote Tong met with Georgian Foreign Affairs Minister Maia Panjikidze in September 2013 on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
Kiribati has been a steadfast supporter of Georgia's territorial integrity since then, despite Russia's attempts to lobby Pacific states like Nauru, Tuvalu and Vanuatu to recognize the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. In 2018, Kiribati was one of the nations to vote in favor of the Georgia-sponsored UN resolutions calling for the return of internally displaced persons from Abkhazia and South Ossetia.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> Georgia is represented in Kiribati via its embassy in Canberra, Australia.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> | ||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> —Template:Dts<ref name="TuvaluTerminate">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||On 16 February 2012 Georgia issued a presidential order ending diplomatic relations with Tuvalu. This comes in response to a visit by the Prime Minister of Tuvalu, Willy Telavi, to Abkhazia and South Ossetia in September 2011, where he announced that the Pacific nation would recognise the two states.<ref name="TuvaluTerminate" /> However, the Prime Minister of Tuvalu, Enele Sopoaga retracted the recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia on 31 March 2014 when Tuvalu's Foreign Minister Taukelina Finikaso signed an agreement to establish diplomatic relations with Georgia. Tuvalu's Foreign Minister said that his country supports Georgia's territorial integrity in its international recognized borders.<ref name="cge" /><ref name="AFP">Template:Cite news</ref> |
OverviewEdit
Georgia has established relations with 186 countries and the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Georgia has terminated its diplomatic relations with Russia,<ref name="SO2008" group="note" /><ref name="Georgia breaks relations with Russia"/> Nicaragua<ref name="SO2008" group="note" /><ref name="nicaragua2"/> and Syria.<ref name="SO2008" group="note" /><ref name="syria2"/>
Georgia has not yet established diplomatic relations with:
- Venezuela,<ref name="SO2008" group="note" /> Nauru<ref name="SO2008" group="note" />
- Bhutan, Cook Islands, Niue
- Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic<ref name="SO2008" group="note" /> and the rest of states with limited recognition.
See alsoEdit
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia
- List of diplomatic missions in Georgia
- List of diplomatic missions of Georgia
- Accession of Georgia to the European Union
- Georgia–European Union relations
- Georgia–NATO relations
- EU Neighbourhood Info Centre: Country profile of Georgia Template:Webarchive
Further readingEdit
- NATO and the South Caucasus. Analyses, Chronicles, Opinion Polls in the Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 5
- Edilashvili, Maia: "Foreign Direct Investment Declines in Georgia" in the Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 28
NotesEdit
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
- MFA of Georgia - Bilateral relations
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia
- The Permanent Mission of Georgia to the United Nations
- United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia
- Georgia v. Russia Provisional Measures Order and President Rosalyn Higgins concurring and Joint Dissenting Opinion and ASIL
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