Jacob Ruppert

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Jacob Ruppert Jr. (August 5, 1867 – January 13, 1939) was an American brewer, businessman, National Guard colonel and politician who served for four terms representing New York in the United States House of Representatives from 1899 to 1907. He also owned the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball from 1915 until his death in 1939.

Starting out in the family brewing business, Ruppert entered the 7th Regiment of the New York National Guard in 1886 at the age of 19, eventually reaching the rank of colonel. While he was the owner of the Yankees, he purchased the contract of Babe Ruth and built Yankee Stadium, reversing the franchise's fortunes and establishing it as the premier club in the major leagues. Ruppert was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in July 2013.<ref>National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum: "Hank O'Day, Jacob Ruppert, Deacon White Elected to National Baseball Hall of Fame by Pre-Integration Era Committee". December 3, 2012 [1] Template:Webarchive. Retrieved June 24, 2013</ref>

Early lifeEdit

Ruppert was born in New York City, the son of brewer Jacob Ruppert Sr.,<ref name="nydn">Template:Cite news</ref> and his wife, Anna Ruppert (Template:Née Gillig).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He was the second oldest of six children.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His mother was also of German ethnicity, and was herself the daughter of prominent brewer George Gillig.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} "The team had a pronounced German-American flavor from its owner beer baron Jacob Ruppert to Lou Gehrig, Babe Ruth, Mark Koenig, Bob Meusel, George Pipgras, Dutch Ruether and half Germans Waite Hoyt and Earle Combs"</ref> Although he was a second-generation American, to the day he died he spoke with a noticeable German accent.<ref name=PinstripeEmpire>Template:Cite book</ref>

Ruppert grew up in the Jacob Ruppert Sr. House on Fifth Avenue. Jacob Jr. attended the Columbia Grammar School. He was accepted into Columbia College, but instead began working in the brewing business with his father in 1887. He started as a barrel washer, working 12-hour days for $10 a week ($Template:Inflation in current dollar terms),<ref name="barrel">Template:Cite news</ref> and eventually became vice president and general manager of the brewery.<ref name=nydn/>

In 1886, Ruppert enlisted in the Seventh Regiment, National Guard of New York, serving in the rank of private through 1889. In 1890, he was promoted to colonel and appointed to serve on the staff of David B. Hill, the Governor of New York, serving as aide-de-camp.<ref name=nydn/> He became a senior aide on the staff of Roswell P. Flower, Hill's successor as governor, until 1895.

CareerEdit

Political and business careerEdit

In the 1898 elections, Ruppert was elected to the United States House of Representatives as a member of the Democratic Party to the 56th United States Congress, defeating incumbent Philip B. Low of the Republican Party in New York's 15th congressional district. He was supported in his election by Richard Croker, the political boss of Tammany Hall.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Ruppert won reelection over Alderman Elias Goodman in 1900.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Ruppert was renominated for Congress, this time running in New York's 16th congressional district, in 1902.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Ruppert was not a candidate for reelection in 1906, and he left office in 1907.

File:Jacob Ruppert Brewery, George Ringler Brewery and George Ehret Brewery 1896 map - Sanborn V. 8 Plate 162 publ. 1896 (cropped).jpg

Jacob Ruppert Brewery (top left) at the corner of Third Avenue and East 91st Street in 1896 map

Ruppert was also president of the Astoria Silk Works and the United States Brewers Association from 1911 through 1914. In January 1914, his father bought J&M Haffen Brewing Company for $700,000 ($Template:Inflation in current dollar terms), intending to close the brewery down and develop the property, which was located near The Hub in The Bronx.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Upon his father's death in 1915, Ruppert inherited the Jacob Ruppert Brewing Company and became the company's president.<ref name=nydn/> Ruppert also owned real estate, including Pass-a-Grille Key in Florida.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

BaseballEdit

File:Albert D. Lasker (advertising genius), Jacob Ruppert (owner of New York AL), President Warren Harding at Yankee Stadium 4-24-1923 (baseball) LCCN2014715991.jpg

Ruppert (second row, second from left) with Albert Lasker and US President Warren G. Harding at Yankee Stadium in 1923

Ruppert, interested in baseball since his childhood, began to pursue ownership of a Major League Baseball team and attempted to purchase the New York Giants on numerous occasions. In 1912 he was offered an opportunity to purchase the Chicago Cubs, but decided that Chicago was too far away from New York for his tastes.<ref name=nydn/> However, Frank J. Farrell and William S. Devery, owners of the New York Yankees, were looking to sell their franchise. Ruppert and Tillinghast L'Hommedieu Huston, a former United States Army engineer and colonel, purchased the Yankees from Farrell and Devery before the 1915 season for $480,000 ($Template:Inflation in current dollar terms).<ref name=nydn/> The Yankees were, at that time, a perennial also-ran in the American League (AL), posting winning records in only 4 of their 12 seasons – and only once since 1906 – since relocating to New York prior to the 1903 season from Baltimore, where the team had played as the Orioles during the AL's first two years of operation, 1901 and 1902.

After the 1917 season, Ban Johnson, president of the AL, suggested that Ruppert hire St. Louis Cardinals manager Miller Huggins to take over the same position with the Yankees. Huston, who was in Europe at the time serving as an engineer in World War 1, disliked Huggins and wanted to hire the manager of the National League's crosstown Brooklyn Robins, Wilbert Robinson, his drinking buddy.<ref name=Smelser194>Smelser, p. 194</ref> However, Ruppert interviewed Huggins on Johnson's recommendation, and agreed that Huggins would be an excellent choice.<ref name=Smelser194/> Ruppert offered the job to Huggins, who accepted and signed a two-year contract.<ref name=Smelser194/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The hiring of Huggins drove a wedge between the two co-owners that culminated in Huston selling his shares of the team to Ruppert in 1922.<ref name=cincy>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=koppett85>Koppett, p. 85</ref>

Ruppert and Huston purchased pitcher Carl Mays from the Boston Red Sox in 1918, in direct opposition of an order issued by Johnson. The matter was taken to court, where Ruppert and Huston prevailed over Johnson. The case led to the dissolution of the National Commission, which governed baseball, and helped lead to the creation of the Commissioner of Baseball.<ref name=nydn/> Ruppert eventually organized opposition to Johnson among other AL owners.<ref name=barrel/>

The Yankees purchased star pitcher-outfielder Babe Ruth from the Red Sox in 1919, which made the Yankees a profitable franchise.<ref name=nydn/> The Yankees began to outdraw the Giants, with whom they shared the Polo Grounds. In 1921 the Yankees won the AL pennant for the first time, but lost to the Giants in the World Series. As a result of the Yankees' increased popularity, Charles Stoneham, owner of the Giants and the Polo Grounds, raised the rent for the 1922 season. The Yankee owners responded by purchasing land in The Bronx, across the Harlem River from the Polo Grounds, from the estate of William Waldorf Astor for $675,000 ($Template:Inflation in current dollar terms),<ref name=minnpost>Template:Cite news</ref> breaking ground on a new stadium in May 1922. That year, the Giants once again defeated the Yankees in the World Series. Yankee Stadium opened on April 18, 1923,<ref name=nydn/> the first ballpark with three tiers of seating for fans,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> and the first referred to as a "stadium".<ref name=minnpost/> Ruppert and Huston financed the project with $2.5 million of their own money ($Template:Inflation in current dollar terms).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In May 1922, Ruppert bought out Huston for $1.5 million ($Template:Inflation in current dollar terms), and he became the sole owner.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The following season, the Yankees finally beat the Giants to win their first World Series title. The Yankees went on to dominate baseball throughout most of the 1920s and 1930s, winning three more pennants from 1926 through 1928, including the Murderers' Row team that won the 1927 World Series and repeated as champions the following year. They returned to the top with the 1932 World Series title, and then began their strongest period yet with the Bronx Bombers teams of the late 1930s, becoming the first team to win three consecutive World Series titles in 1936, 1937 and 1938. In 1937, the Yankees became the first team to win six World Series titles, and in 1938 they surpassed the Philadelphia Athletics to become the first team to win ten AL championships, with only the Giants winning more pennants in the 20th century.

In 1929, Ruppert added numbers to the Yankees' uniforms, which became a feature of every team. He said, "Many fans do not attend games on a regular basis and cannot easily pick out the players they have come to see."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

in 1931, Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis allowed for the creation of farm systems directly operated by major league teams.<ref name=sabr/> Ruppert bought the Newark Bears who played at Ruppert Stadium in Newark, New Jersey, and begin building the Yankees' farm system.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> Ruppert's 24 years as owner of the Yankees saw him build the team from an also-ran to a baseball powerhouse. His own strength as a baseball executive – including his willingness to wheel and deal – was aided by the business skills of general manager Ed Barrow and the forceful field managing of Miller Huggins, until his sudden death at age 50 late in the 1929 season, and Joe McCarthy, beginning in 1931. By the time of Ruppert's death, the team was well on its way to becoming the most successful in the history of Major League Baseball, and eventually in North American professional sports.

Ruppert and Ruth had public disagreements about Ruth's contracts.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Nevertheless, they were personal friends; according to Ruth, Ruppert called him "Babe" only once, and that was the night before he died. Usually, Ruppert called him "Root" (as "Ruth" sounded in his German-accented voice); he always called everyone, even close friends, by their last name. Ruth was one of the last persons to see Ruppert alive.<ref name=PinstripeEmpire/>

Personal lifeEdit

In 1894, Ruppert purchased South Brother Island, located in the East River, and was the last person to live on the island, leaving in 1909 when his house burned down.<ref name=nyt1>Template:Cite news</ref> He purchased Eagle's Rest, an estate in Garrison, New York, on January 30, 1919.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Death and legacyEdit

DeathEdit

Ruppert suffered from phlebitis in April 1938 and was confined to his Fifth Avenue apartment for most of the year. He was too sick to follow the Yankees to the 1938 World Series, what would be their seventh world title under his stewardship; he listened on the radio. In November 1938, he checked into Lenox Hill Hospital, where he died on January 13, 1939.<ref name=PinstripeEmpire/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He was survived by his brother George and his sister Amanda, and was interred in the family mausoleum at Kensico Cemetery, Valhalla, New York.<ref name=sabr>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

LegacyEdit

File:RuppertPlaque.jpg

Ruppert's plaque in Monument Park

Ruppert's father, Jacob Sr., left behind an estate of $6,382,758 ($Template:Inflation in current dollar terms) when he died in 1915,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> which Ruppert increased to $120 million by the time of his death in 1939.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> This was managed by his heirs.<ref name=nydn/> His brother George, who served as the Yankees' vice president, declined to take over the team presidency, and instead recommended that general manager Ed Barrow be given control of the club. Under Barrow's leadership, the Yankees won a fourth consecutive World Series in 1939, and captured three more AL titles and two World Series from 1941 to 1943 as the nation entered World War II. After mismanaging Ruppert's brewery, the heirs sold the Yankees to Dan Topping, Del Webb and Larry MacPhail in 1945. The brewery sold its flagship beer, Knickerbocker beer, to Rheingold, and went out of business in 1965.<ref name=nydn/>

On April 16, 1940, the Yankees dedicated a plaque in Ruppert's memory, to hang on the center field wall of Yankee Stadium, near the flagpole and the monument that had been dedicated to former manager Miller Huggins.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The plaque called Ruppert "Gentleman, American, sportsman, through whose vision and courage this imposing edifice, destined to become the home of champions, was erected and dedicated to the American game of baseball." The plaque now rests in Monument Park at New Yankee Stadium.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

An apocryphal story says that Ruppert is responsible for the Yankees' famous pinstriped uniforms; according to this account, Ruppert chose pinstripes to make the often-portly Ruth appear less obese, but the uniform was in fact introduced in 1912.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

A beer was named after Ruppert,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> as were Ruppert Stadium in Newark, New Jersey. Ruppert Park in Manhattan,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> is part of the Ruppert Yorkville Towers housing complex was built on the site the brewery in Yorkville, Manhattan.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

National Baseball Hall of FameEdit

On December 3, 2012, Ruppert was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame by the new Pre-Integration Era Committee, which considers candidates (managers, umpires, executives, and players) every three years that have been identified by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) appointed Historical Overview Committee from the era prior to 1947.<ref>National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum: Eras: Pre-Integration, "Rules For Election For Managers, Umpires, Executives, And Players For Pre-Integration Era Candidates To The National Baseball Hall of Fame" {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} Retrieved June 24, 2013</ref> He was inducted into the Hall on July 28, 2013.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> His induction speech was given by Anne Vernon, a fifth-generation descendant of Ruppert's brother George.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Dead link</ref>

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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