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List of Austrian Jews

Article Discussion

Template:Short description Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists Austria first became a center of Jewish learning during the 13th century. However, increasing antisemitism led to the expulsion of the Jews in 1669. Following formal readmission in 1848, a sizable Jewish community developed once again, contributing strongly to Austrian culture. By the 1930s, 300,000 Jews lived in Austria, most of them in Vienna. Following the Anschluss with Nazi Germany, most of the community emigrated or were killed in the Holocaust. The current Austrian Jewish population is 9,000.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The following is a list of some prominent Austrian Jews. Here German-speaking Jews from the whole Habsburg monarchy are listed.

AthletesEdit

  • Margarete "Grete" Adler (1896-1990), swimmer, Olympic bronze (4x100-m freestyle relay)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Richard Bergmann (1919-1970), Austria/Britain table tennis player, seven-time world champion, ITTF Hall of Fame
  • Hedy Bienenfeld (1907–1976), Austrian-American Olympic swimmer
  • Albert Bogen (Albert Bógathy) (1882-1961), fencer (saber), Olympic silver
  • Fritzi Burger (1910-1999), figure skater, two-time Olympic silver, two-time World Championship silver
  • Robert Fein (1907–1975), Olympic Champion weightlifter
  • Siegfried "Fritz" Flesch (1872-1939), fencer (sabre), Olympic bronze
  • Alfred Guth (1908–1996), Austrian-born American water polo player, swimmer, and Olympic modern pentathlete
  • Hans Haas (1906-1973), weightlifter, Olympic champion (lightweight), silver
  • Judith Haspel (born "Judith Deutsch") (1918-2004), Austrian-born Israeli swimmer, held every Austrian women's middle and long-distance freestyle record in 1935, refused to represent Austria in 1936 Summer Olympics along with Ruth Langer and Lucie Goldner, protesting Hitler, stating, "I refuse to enter a contest in a land which so shamefully persecutes my people."<ref>"Diving into troubled waters" Template:Webarchive, Paul Kalina, The Age, November 24, 2005, Retrieved January 1, 2011</ref>
  • Dr. Otto Herschmann (1877-1942), fencer (saber), 2-time Olympic silver winner (in fencing/team sabre and 100-m freestyle); arrested by Nazis, and died in Izbica concentration camp
  • Nickolaus "Mickey" Hirschl (1906-1991), wrestler, two-time Olympic bronze (heavyweight freestyle and Greco-Roman), shot put and discus junior champion, weightlifting junior champion, and pentathlon champion
  • Felix Kasper (1915-2003), figure skater, Olympic bronze
  • Alfred König (1913–1987), Austrian-Turkish Olympic sprinter
  • Ruth Langer (1921–1999), Austrian national champion swimmer who refused to attend the 1936 Summer Olympics, along with Judith Haspel and Lucie Goldner
  • Fritzi Löwy (1910–1994), Austrian Olympic swimmer
  • Klara Milch (1891-1970), swimmer, Olympic bronze (4x100-m freestyle relay)
  • Paul Neumann (1875-1932), swimmer, Olympic champion (500-m freestyle)
  • Fred Oberlander (1911-1996), Austrian, British, and Canadian wrestler; world champion (freestyle heavyweight); Maccabiah champion
  • Felix Pipes (1887-1983), tennis player, Olympic silver (doubles)
  • Maxim Podoprigora (born 1978), Olympic swimmer
  • Ellen Preis (1912-2007), fencer (foil), three-time world champion (1947, 1949, and 1950), Olympic champion, 17-time Austrian champion
  • Otto Scheff (born "Otto Sochaczewsky") (1889-1956), swimmer, Olympic champion (400-m freestyle) and two-time bronze (400-m freestyle, 1,500-m freestyle)
  • Josephine Sticker (1894-1963), swimmer, Olympic bronze (4x100-m freestyle relay)
  • Otto Wahle (1879-1963), Austrian/US swimmer, two-time Olympic silver (1,000-m freestyle, 200-m obstacle race) and bronze (400-m freestyle); International Swimming Hall of Fame

Historical figuresEdit

PoliticiansEdit

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  • Template:Ill (1857-1943), politician, Minister of Finance in the early 1930s
  • Otto Bauer (1881-1938), Foreign Minister 1918–1919
  • Franz Klein (1854-1926), Minister of Justice 1906–1908, and in 1916

RevolutionariesEdit

Academic figuresEdit

LawyersEdit

  • Fred F. Herzog (1907-2008), only Jewish judge in Austria between the World Wars; fled to the United States and became the dean of two law schools

ScientistsEdit

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  • Eric Kandel (born 1929), neuroscientist, winner of 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
  • Karl Koller (1857-1944), ophthalmologist; first to use cocaine as an anaesthetic <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Victor Frederick Weisskopf (1908–2002), physicist; during World War II, worked at Los Alamos on the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb; later campaigned against the proliferation of nuclear weapons<ref>[1] Template:Webarchive "Growing up in Vienna in a well-to-do Jewish family..." [2] Template:Webarchive "One of the most brilliant Jewish scientists to be driven from Germany by Nazi persecution..."</ref>
  • Max Perutz (1914-2002), molecular biologist, winner of 1962 Nobel Prize for Chemistry
  • Lise Meitner (1878-1968), physicist, discovered nuclear fission of uranium with * Otto Hahn, namegiver of element 109 * meitnerium

Psychologists, psychotherapists and psychiatristsEdit

  • Alfred Adler (1870-1937), founding member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society and founder of the school of individual psychology
  • Anna Freud (1895-1982), Vienna-born child psychologist and daughter of Sigmund Freud
  • Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), Moravian-born founder of psychoanalysis and neurologist<ref>[Gresser, Moshe. Dual Allegiance: Freud As a Modern Jew. SUNY Press, 1994, p. 225]</ref>
  • Marie Jahoda (1907-2001), psychologist <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Social and political scientistsEdit

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  • Heinrich Friedjung (1851-1920), Moravian historian and politician <ref>[3] Template:Webarchive; Encyclopaedia Judaica, article "Historians", list of "Prominent Jewish General Historians".</ref>
  • Norbert Jokl (1877-1942), founder of Albanology<ref>Biography of Ernest Koliqi, Shkoder.net Authors from Shkodra Template:Webarchive: "Norbert Jokl (1877-1942), the renowned Austrian Albanologist of Jewish origin" Accessed 8 Dec 2006.</ref>
  • Otto Kurz (1908-1975), historian <ref>Jewish Year Book 1975, p.214</ref>
  • Emil Lederer (1882-1939), economist<ref>JInfo list of economists Template:Webarchive accessed 17 May 2007</ref>
  • Ludwig von Mises (1881-1973), economist
  • Otto Neurath (1882-1945), economist, sociologist, philosopher
  • Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951), philosopher<ref>Jewish Chronicle, April 27, 2001 p.34: "he believed that, as a Jew, he was capable of only derivative thought."</ref><ref>Evening Standard (London), 24/5/2004, p15: "Born less than a week apart, Adolf Hitler and the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein attended the institution together. There is a haunting school photograph of the young, complex, Jewish philosopher just one row away from the most evil tyrant of the 20th century."</ref> (of largely Jewish descent but given a Catholic burial)

Cultural figuresEdit

Film and stageEdit

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  • Kurt Kren (1929–1998), experimental filmmaker, director of the avant garde films 8/64: Ana – Aktion Brus, 10/65: Selbstverstümmelung, 10b/65: Silber – Aktion Brus, 16/67: 20. September, and 10c/65: Brus wünscht euch seine Weihnachten (Jewish father)
  • Reggie Nalder (1907–1991), cabaret dancer, stage, film and television actor
  • Joseph Schildkraut (1896–1964), stage and film actor
  • Frederick Schrecker (1892–1976), actor of film, stage and TV
  • Harry Schein (1924–2006), founder of the Swedish Film Institute, writer, chemical engineer
  • Elisabeth Freundlich (1906-2001), playwright and journalist who reported on the Frankfurt Auschwitz Trials - Holocaust survivor

MusiciansEdit

  • Kurt Adler (1907–1977), Bohemian born Austrian chorus master, conductor, pianist, author, Metropolitan Opera New York City, United States<ref>Evelyne Adler-daughter</ref>
  • Fanny Basch-Mahler (1854–1942), pianist and music teacher
  • Ignaz Brüll (1846-1907), composer and pianist<ref>Jewish: "Contemporary Review, June, 1999 by Anthony Paterson" {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }} "the Nazi ban on his compositions - he was Jewish" Accessed 6 Nov 2006.
born Moravia: "Composers of Classical Music" [5] Template:Webarchive "Brull, Ignaz 1846-1907 Moravia, Prossnitz - Austria, Vienna" Accessed 6 November 2006.</ref>

  • Hanns Eisler (1898–1962), composer and co-author (with Theodor W. Adorno) of Komposition für den Film (Jewish father)
  • Joseph Joachim (1831-1907), violinist (born in Kittsee, Austria, at that time Hungary)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Hans Keller (1919-1985), musicologist<ref>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "he described himself as an 'unpious Jew'"</ref>
  • Fritz Kreisler (1875–1962), violinist and composer, one of the most famous of his day<ref name="kreisler">Kreisler - [6] "Jascha Heifetz, Fritz Kreisler, Mischa Elman... were all Jews, too"</ref>
  • Erica Morini (1919-1995), violinist <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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ComposersEdit

WritersEdit

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  • Fritz Brainin (1913-1992), poet<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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|CitationClass=web }} "Hungarian/Austrian Jewish writer Felix Salten"</ref><ref>[9]Template:Dead link "Everyone knows Walt Disney's Bambi. Far fewer know that the author of the original book was the Austrian writer, Felix Salten."</ref><ref>[10] "..Austrian novelist and journalist..."</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

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  • Regine Ulmann (1847-1938), editor, educator and feminist
  • Franz Werfel (1890-1945), novelist and playwright
  • Alma Wittlin (1899–1992), art historian and museologist<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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MiscellaneousEdit

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OthersEdit

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  • Joseph Samuel Bloch (1850–1923), born in Dukla, Galizien, Austrian publicist, politician <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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See alsoEdit

FootnotesEdit

Template:Reflist

Template:Lists of Jews by country

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