Template:Short description Template:Pp-vandalism Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use Oxford spelling Template:About
This chronological list of the popes of the Catholic Church corresponds to that given in the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} under the heading "{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}" (The Roman Supreme Pontiffs), excluding those that are explicitly indicated as antipopes. Published every year by the Roman Curia, the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} no longer identifies popes by regnal number, stating that it is impossible to decide which pope represented the legitimate succession at various times.<ref>Annuario Pontificio (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2012 Template:ISBN), p. 12</ref> The 2001 edition of the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} introduced "almost 200 corrections to its existing biographies of the popes, from St Peter to John Paul II". The corrections concerned dates, especially in the first two centuries, birthplaces and the family name of one pope.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The term pope (Template:Langx) is used in several churches to denote their high spiritual leaders (for example Coptic pope). This title is usually used in English to refer to the head of the Catholic Church. The Catholic pope uses various titles by tradition, including {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, and {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}. Each title has been added by unique historical events, and unlike other papal prerogatives, is not incapable of modification.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Hermannus Contractus may have been the first historian to number the popes continuously. His list ends in 1049 with Leo IX as number 154. Several changes were made to the list during the 20th century. Christopher was considered a legitimate pope for a long time but was removed due to how he obtained the papacy. Pope-elect Stephen was listed as Stephen II until the 1961 edition, when his name was removed. The decisions of the Council of Pisa (1409) were reversed in 1963 in a reinterpretation of the Western Schism, extending Gregory XII's pontificate to 1415 and classifying rival claimants Alexander V and John XXIII as antipopes.
A significant number of these popes have been recognized as saints, including 48 out of the first 50 consecutive popes, and others are in the sainthood process. Of the first 31 popes, 28 died as martyrs.
Template:Anchor Chronological list of popesEdit
1st millenniumEdit
1st centuryEdit
The chronology of the early popes is heavily disputed. The first ancient lists of popes were not written until the late 2nd century, after the monarchical episcopate had already developed in Rome. These first lists combined contradictory traditions, and even the succession of the first popes is disputed. The first certain dates are AD 222 and 235, the elections of Urban I and Liberius. The years given for the first 30 popes follow the work of Richard Adelbert Lipsius, which often show a 3-year difference with the traditional dates given by Eusebius of Caesarea.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> These are also the dates used by the Catholic Encyclopedia.<ref>The List of Popes Template:Webarchive. The Catholic Encyclopedia, 1911. The exception is Saint Peter, who is given the traditional death date of AD 67.</ref> Template:Pope list begin portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list item portraitless Template:Pope list end
2nd centuryEdit
Template:Pope list begin portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| Template:Circa 198/9 –
Template:Circa 199/200
Template:Small
| Natalius
Template:Small
| style="font-size:85%"| Roma, Italia, Roman EmpireTemplate:Refn
| style="font-size:85%"|
| style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen, born in the capital of the Roman Empire. In opposition to Zephyrinus. Later reconciled.
Template:Pope list end
3rd centuryEdit
Template:Pope list begin portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 217 – 235
Template:Small
| St Hippolytus
Template:Small
| style="font-size:85%"| c. 170
| style="font-size:85%"| 47 / 65
| style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen of Greek descent (Constitutio Antoniniana). In opposition to Callixtus I, Urban I, and Pontian. Later reconciled with Pontian (see below).
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| March 251 – 258
Template:Small
| Novatian
Template:Small
| style="font-size:85%"| c. 200–220 Roma, Italia, Roman EmpireTemplate:Refn
| style="font-size:85%"| 31–51 / 38–58
| style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen. Founder of Novatianism. In opposition to Cornelius, Lucius I, Stephen I, and Sixtus II.
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list end
4th centuryEdit
Template:Pope list begin portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 355 –
22 November 365
Template:Small
| Felix II
Template:Small
| style="font-size:85%"| c. 300 Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"| 55 / 65
| style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen. In opposition to Liberius. Installed by Arian-leaning Emperor Constantius II.
Template:Pope list item portraitless
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 1 October 366 –
16 November 367
Template:Small
| Ursinus
Template:Small
| style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|
| style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen. In opposition to Damasus I. Banished to Gallia by Emperor Valentinian II after a war between two sects and died after 384.
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list end
5th centuryEdit
Template:Pope list begin portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 27 December 418 –
3 April 419
Template:Small
| Eulalius
Template:Small
| style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Italy, Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|
| style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen. In opposition to Boniface I. Elected on the eve of the election of Boniface, first benefited from the support of Emperor Honorius but lost it quickly. Exiled to Campania and died in 423.
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
Template:Pope list item portraitless
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 22 November 498 –
Aug 506/8
Template:Small
| Laurentius
Template:Small
| style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Italy, Western Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|
| style="font-size:85%"| Roman citizen, later a subject of the (Ostrogothic) Kingdom of Italy. In opposition to Symmachus. Elected on the same day as Symachus, King Theodoric settled in favour of his adversary. Took control of Rome in 501 and remained pope in fact until he died in 506/08.
Template:Pope list end
6th centuryEdit
Template:Pope list begin
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 22 September 530 –
14 October 530
Template:Small
|
| Dioscorus
Template:Small
| Dioscorus
| style="font-size:85%"| Alexandria, Aegyptus, Eastern Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|
| style="font-size:85%"| (Eastern) Roman citizen of Greek descent. In opposition to Boniface II. Candidate of the Byzantine party, elected by the majority of the cardinals and recognized by Constantinople, died less than a month after his election.
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list end
7th centuryEdit
Template:Pope list begin Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list end
8th centuryEdit
Template:Pope list begin
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 23 March 752 –
26 March 752
Template:Small
Template:Small
|
| Stephen (II)
Template:Small
| Stephanus
| style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Eastern Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"|
| style="font-size:85%"| (Eastern) Roman citizen. Was of Roman ethnicity. Previously known as Stephen II. Died three days after his election, having never received episcopal consecration. Some lists still include him. The Vatican sanctioned his addition in the 16th century; removed in 1961. He is no longer considered a pope by the Catholic Church.
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list end
9th centuryEdit
Template:Pope list begin Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list end
10th centuryEdit
Template:Pope list begin
Template:Pope list item
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| October 903 –
January 904
Template:Small
|
| Christopher
Template:Small
| Christoforus
| style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"|
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Leo V.
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 6 December 963 –
26 February 964
Template:Small
|
| Leo VIII
Template:Small
| Leo
| style="font-size:85%"| c. 915 Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"| 48 / 49 (†50)
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. Appointed antipope by Emperor Otto I in 963 in opposition to John XII and Benedict V. His pontificate from 963 to 964 is considered illegitimate by today's Catholic Church.
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| July 974 –
July 974
Template:Small
|
| Boniface VII
Template:Small
| Francone Ferucci
| style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"|
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States, born Francone Ferucci. In opposition to Benedict VI and Benedict VII.
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 20 August 984 –
20 July 985
Template:Small
|
| Boniface VII
Template:Small
| Francone Ferucci
| style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"|
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to John XIV and John XV.
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| April 997 –
February 998
Template:Small
|
| John XVI
Template:Small
| Iōánnēs Philágathos, O.S.B.
| style="font-size:85%"| c. 945 Rossanum, Calabria, Italy, Eastern Roman Empire
| style="font-size:85%"| 52 / 53 (†56)
| style="font-size:85%"| (Eastern) Roman citizen. In opposition to Gregory V.
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list end
2nd millenniumEdit
11th centuryEdit
Template:Pope list begin
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 12 June 1012 –
31 December 1012
Template:Small
|
| Gregory VI
Template:Small
| Gregorio
| style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"|
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Benedict VIII. Expelled from Rome and deposed.
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 4 April 1058 –
24 January 1059
Template:Small
|
| Benedict X
Template:Small
| Giovanni Mincio di Tuscolo
| style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"|
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Nicholas II. Captured and deposed.
Template:Pope list item
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 30 September 1061 –
1072
Template:Small
|
| Honorius II
Template:Small
| Pietro Cadalo
| style="font-size:85%"| 1010 Verona, March of Verona
| style="font-size:85%"| 61 / 72
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the March of Verona. In opposition to Alexander II.
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 25 June 1080 –
8 September 1100
Template:Small
| File:Clemente III, antipapa (cropped).jpg
| Clement III
Template:Small
| Guibert of Ravenna
| style="font-size:85%"| 1029 Ravenna, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"| 51 / 71
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Gregory VII, Victor III, Urban II, and Paschal II.
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 8 September 1100 –
January 1101
Template:Small
|
| Theodoric
Template:Small
| Teodorico
| style="font-size:85%"| c. 1030 Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"| 70 / 71
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. Was of Lombard ethnicity. In opposition to Paschal II. Captured and sent to a monastery.
Template:Pope list end
12th centuryEdit
Template:Pope list begin
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| January 1101 –
February 1102
Template:Small
|
| Adalbert
Template:Small
| Adalberto, O.S.B.
| style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"|
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. Was of Lombard ethnicity. In opposition to Paschal II. Captured and imprisoned.
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 8 November 1105 –
11 April 1111
Template:Small
|
| Sylvester IV
Template:Small
| Maguinulf
| style="font-size:85%"| 1050 Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"| 49 / 55 (†56)
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. Was of German ethnicity. In opposition to Paschal II. Forced to abdicate.
Template:Pope list item
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 10 March 1118 –
20 April 1121
Template:Small
|
| Gregory VIII
Template:Small
| Maurice Baurdain
| style="font-size:85%"| c. 1060 Limousin, Occitania, Kingdom of France
| style="font-size:85%"| 58 / 61 (†77)
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the Kingdom of France. Was of Occitan ethnicity. In opposition to Gelasius II and Callixtus II. Captured and imprisoned.
Template:Pope list item
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 16 December 1124 –
17 December 1124
Template:Small
|
| Celestine II
Template:Small
| Teobaldo Boccapeci
| style="font-size:85%"| 1050 Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"| 74 / 74 (†76)
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Honorius II. Abdicated one day after his election.
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 14 February 1130 –
25 January 1138
Template:Small
|
| Anacletus II
Template:Small
| Pietro Pierleoni, O.S.B.
| style="font-size:85%"| 1090 Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"| 40 / 48
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Innocent II.
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 15 March 1138 –
29 May 1138
Template:Small
|
| Victor IV
Template:Small
| Gregorio Conti
| style="font-size:85%"| Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"|
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Innocent II.
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 7 September 1159 –
20 April 1164
Template:Small
|
| Victor IV
Template:Small
| Ottaviano dei Crescenzi Ottaviani di Monticelli
| style="font-size:85%"| 1095 Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"| 64 / 69
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III.
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 28 April 1164 –
22 September 1168
Template:Small
|
| Paschal III
Template:Small
| Guido di Crema
| style="font-size:85%"| 1110 Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"| 54 / 58
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III.
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 30 September 1168 –
29 August 1178
Template:Small
|
| Callixtus III
Template:Small
| Giovanni di Struma, O.S.B.
| style="font-size:85%"| 1090 Rome, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"| 78 / 88
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III.
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 29 September 1179 –
January 1180
Template:Small
|
| Innocent III
Template:Small
| Lando (or Lanzo) di Sezze
| style="font-size:85%"| 1120 Sezze, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"| 59 / 60 (†63)
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to Alexander III. Captured and imprisoned in 1180.
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list end
13th centuryEdit
Template:Pope list begin Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list end
14th centuryEdit
Template:Pope list begin
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 12 May 1328 –
25 July 1330
Template:Small
| File:Antiope Nicholas V.jpg
| Nicholas V
Template:Small
| Pietro Rainalducci, O.F.M.
| style="font-size:85%"| 1260 Corvaro, Papal States
| style="font-size:85%"| 68 / 70 (†73)
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject and later the claimant of the throne of the Papal States. In opposition to John XXII. Excommunicated and submitted to John XXII.
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —
File:C o a Clemente VII (antipapa).svg
| 20 September 1378 –
16 September 1394
Template:Small
| File:GiacMaster Pope Clement VII.jpg
| Clement VII
Template:Small
| Robert de Genève
| style="font-size:85%"| 1342 Chateau d'Annecy, County of Savoy
| style="font-size:85%"| 36 / 52
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the County of Savoy. Western Schism. In opposition to Urban VI and Boniface IX.
Template:Pope list item
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;" | —
File:C o a Benedictus XIII (antipapa).svg
| 28 September 1394 –
23 May 1423
Template:Small
| File:Portrait du Antipape Benoît XIII par Joan Reixach XV.jpg
| Benedict XIII
Template:Small
| Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor
| style="font-size:85%"| 25 November 1328 Illueca, Kingdom of Aragon
| style="font-size:85%"| 66 / 94
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the Kingdom of Aragon. Western Schism. In opposition to Boniface IX, Innocent VII, Gregory XII, Martin V, and the Pisan Antipopes Alexander V and John XXIII. Excommunicated on 27 July 1417.
Template:Pope list end
15th centuryEdit
Template:Pope list begin
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
File:C o a Alexander V (antipapa).svg
| 30 June 1409 –
3 May 1410
Template:Small
| File:Nuremberg Chronicle f 235v 3 Alexander V.jpg
| Alexander V
Template:Small
| Pétros Philárgēs,
O.F.M.
| style="font-size:85%"| 1339 Neapoli, Candia, Republic of Venice
| style="font-size:85%"| 70 / 71
| style="font-size:85%"| Citizen of the Republic of Venice. Was of Greek ethnicity. Western Schism. In opposition to Gregory XII. Considered a legitimate pope until 1963 and is still numbered as such to this day.
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
File:C o a Johannes XXIII (antipapa).svg
| 25 May 1410 –
29 May 1415
Template:Small
| File:Johannes XXIII. Gegenpapst 2.jpg
| John XXIII
Template:Small
| Baldassarre Cossa
| style="font-size:85%"| 1365 Procida, Kingdom of Naples
| style="font-size:85%"| 45 / 50 (†54)
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the Kingdom of Naples. Western Schism. In opposition to Gregory XII. Convened the Council of Constance (1414). Deposed. Became the dean of the College of Cardinals in 1417. Was considered a legitimate pope until 1958.
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
File:C o a Clemente VIII (antipapa).svg
| 10 June 1423 –
26 July 1429
Template:Small
| File:Palma Antipapa Clemens VIII.JPG
| Clement VIII
Template:Small
| Gil Sánchez Muñoz y Carbón
| style="font-size:85%"| 1369 Teruel, Kingdom of Aragon
| style="font-size:85%"| 54 / 60 (†77)
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the Kingdom of Aragon. Western Schism. In opposition to Martin V. Later submitted to Martin V.
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 1424 – 1429
Template:Small
|
| Benedict XIV
Template:Small
| Bernard Garnier
| style="font-size:85%"| Kingdom of France
| style="font-size:85%"|
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the Kingdom of France. Two antipope claimants.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
| 1430 – 1437
Template:Small
|
| Benedict XIV
Template:Small
| Jean Carrier
| style="font-size:85%"| Kingdom of France
| style="font-size:85%"|
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the Kingdom of France. Two antipope claimants.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Template:Pope list item
|-style="vertical-align:top; background:#ccc;"
| style="text-align:center;"| —
File:C o a Felix V (antipapa).svg
| 5 November 1439 –
7 April 1449
Template:Small
| File:Portrait of Antipope Felix V.jpg
| Felix V
Template:Small
| Amédée de Savoie
| style="font-size:85%"| 4 September 1383 Chambéry, County of Savoy
| style="font-size:85%"| 56 / 65 (†67)
| style="font-size:85%"| Subject of the County of Savoy. In opposition to Eugene IV and Nicholas V. Later submitted to Nicholas V. Also ruled as count and then duke of Savoy.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list item
Template:Pope list end
16th centuryEdit
Template:Pope list begin Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list end
17th centuryEdit
Template:Pope list begin Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list end
18th centuryEdit
Template:Pope list begin Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list end
19th centuryEdit
Template:Pope list begin Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list end
20th centuryEdit
Template:Pope list begin Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list end
3rd millenniumEdit
21st centuryEdit
Template:Pope list begin Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list item Template:Pope list end
Religious ordersEdit
51 popes and 6 antipopes (in italics) have been members of religious orders, including 12 members of third orders. They are listed by order as follows:
Numbering of popesEdit
Regnal numbers follow the usual convention for European monarchs. The first pope who chooses a unique name is not usually identified by an ordinal, John Paul I being the exception. Antipopes are treated as pretenders, and their numbers are reused by those considered to be legitimate popes. However, there are anomalies in the numbering of the popes. Several numbers were mistakenly increased in the Middle Ages because the records were misunderstood. Several antipopes were also kept in the sequence, either by mistake or because they were previously considered to be true popes.<ref>Louis Duchesne, "Le nombre des papes", in: Miscellanea di storia ecclesiastica e studi ausiliare Template:Webarchive Vol. 2 (Roma: 1903–1904), pp. 3–7.</ref>
- Alexander: Antipope Alexander V (1409–1410) was listed in the Annuario Pontificio as a legitimate pope until the 20th century,<ref name="annuario1942_pisa">Template:Cite book</ref> when the Pisan popes were reclassified as antipopes. There had already been three more Alexanders by then, so there is now a gap in the numbering sequence.
- Benedict: Antipope Benedict X (1058–1059) was kept in the numbering sequence.<ref name="ceanti">Template:CathEncy</ref>
- Boniface: Antipope Boniface VII (974 and 984–985) was kept in the numbering sequence.<ref name="ceanti" />
- Donus: The name has only been used by one pope. The apocryphal Pope Donus II resulted from confusion between the Latin word dominus (lord) and the name Donus.
- Felix: Antipope Felix II (356–357) was kept in the numbering sequence.<ref name="ceanti" />
- John: The numbering of the Popes John is particularly confused. In the modern sequence, they are identified by the numbers they used during their reigns.
- Antipope John XVI (997–998) was kept in the numbering sequence.<ref name="ceanti" />
- Pope John XXI (1276–1277) chose to skip the number XX, believing that there had been another Pope John between XIV and XV. In reality, John XIV had been counted twice.<ref name="cechron">Template:CathEncy</ref>
- By the 16th century, the numbering error had been conflated with legends about a female Pope Joan, whom some authors called John VIII. She was never listed in the Annuario Pontificio.<ref name="ceJoan">Template:CathEncy</ref>
- Antipope John XXIII (1410–1415) was listed in the Annuario Pontificio as a legitimate pope until the 20th century.<ref name="annuario1942_pisa" /> After the Pisan popes were classified as antipopes, Pope John XXIII (1958–1963) chose to reuse the number, citing "twenty-two [sic] Johns of indisputable legitimacy".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
- Martin: Pope Martin I (649–655) is followed by Martin IV (1281–1285). Due to the similarity between the Latin names Marinus and Martinus, Marinus I and Marinus II were mistakenly considered to be Martin II and III.<ref name="cemartin">Template:CathEncy</ref>
- Stephen: Pope-elect Stephen (752) died before being consecrated. He was previously known as Stephen II, but the Vatican removed him from the official list of popes in 1961.<ref name="cechron" /> The remaining Stephens are now numbered Pope Stephen II (752–757) to Pope Stephen IX (1057–1058).
See alsoEdit
- Annuario Pontificio
- History of the papacy
- Index of Vatican City-related articles
- Legends surrounding the papacy
- Liber Pontificalis
- Papal conclave
- Papal name
- Pope John numbering
- Prophecy of the Popes
ListsEdit
- List of canonized popes
- List of popes who died violently
- List of popes by country
- List of popes from the Borgia family
- List of popes from the Conti family
- List of popes from the Medici family
- List of sexually active popes
- List of popes (graphical)
NotesEdit
ReferencesEdit
Further readingEdit
- The Early Papacy: To the Synod of Chalcedon in 451, Adrian Fortescue, Ignatius Press, 2008.
- The Oxford Dictionary of Popes, John N.D. Kelly, Oxford University Press, 1986.
- Catholicism, Henri de Lubac, Ignatius Press, 1988.
- Rome and the Eastern Churches, Aidan Nichols, Ignatius Press, 2010.
- I Papi. Venti secoli di storia, Pontificia Amministrazione della Patriarcale Basilica di San Paolo, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2002.
- Rome Sweet Home, Scott Hahn, Ignatius Press, 1993.
- Enciclopedia dei Papi, AA.VV., Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana, 2000.
External linksEdit
- Catholic Online: The List of Popes
- Chronological List of Popes
- Popes & Anti-Popes (2019 archived copy)