Queens Museum
Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox museum
The Queens Museum (formerly the Queens Museum of Art) is an art museum and educational center at Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in Queens, New York City, United States. Established in 1972, the museum includes the Panorama of the City of New York, a room-sized scale model of the five boroughs of New York City built for the 1964 New York World's Fair. Its collection includes a large archive of artifacts from both the 1939 and 1964 World's Fairs, a selection of which is on display. Template:As of, Queens Museum's director is Sally Tallant.
The museum's building was constructed for the 1939 New York World's Fair as the New York City Pavilion. The structure was used as an ice-skating and roller-skating rink during the 1940s and 1950s, except when it housed the United Nations General Assembly from 1946 to 1951. The building also served as the New York City Pavilion for the 1964 World's Fair and was preserved following the fair. The museum opened in the northern part of the building in November 1972. The museum was renovated in the late 1970s, during which a community gallery was added; another renovation in the 1990s added an entrance from the east. The museum was expanded significantly in the 2010s, during which the ice rink was closed. Another expansion was announced in the 2020s.
HistoryEdit
Early building useEdit
1939 World's FairEdit
The Queens Museum is located in the New York City Pavilion at Flushing Meadows–Corona Park,<ref name="Queens Museum of Art" /> designed by architect Aymar Embury II for the 1939 World's Fair.<ref name="Queens Museum of Art">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="nyt-1995-07-22">Template:Cite news</ref> The fair was first announced in 1935,<ref name="nyt-1935-09-29">Template:Cite news</ref> and engineering consultant J. Franklin Bell drew up preliminary plans for the fairground the next year, including a structure for the New York City government.<ref name="p1352660273">Template:Cite news</ref> The building was originally proposed as a two-story "glass house",<ref name="p1222080231a">Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref> but it was ultimately erected as a more conventional rectangular building.<ref name="p12430918942">Template:Cite news</ref> Mayor Fiorello La Guardia said he wanted the building to showcase "modern municipal government in all its aspects".<ref name="nyt-1937-08-17">Template:Cite news</ref> In April 1937, the New York City Board of Estimate approved the sale of $180,000 in bonds to fund the construction of the City Building's foundation.<ref name="nyt-1937-05-01">Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="n149738721">Template:Cite news</ref> That August, Psaty & Fuhrman submitted a low bid of $556,000 for the building's construction.<ref name="nyt-1937-08-04">Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref> The building's ceremonial cornerstone was laid in January 1938,<ref name="p1243691820">Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref> and the facade was completed by the beginning of May.<ref name="nyt-1938-05-012">Template:Cite news</ref> La Guardia used the building as his "summer City Hall" during mid-1938,<ref name="p1244382250">Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref> and his office there was fitted with temporary mechanical equipment while other parts of the building were being completed.<ref name="p1250960129">Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref>
The New York City Pavilion ultimately cost $1.645 million.<ref name="p1287069708">Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref> The pavilion was the second-largest structure at the fair, after the United States pavilion,<ref name="nyt-1938-06-05">Template:Cite news</ref> and it was intended as a permanent structure for the outset, in contrast to nearly all the other structures, which would have been demolished.<ref name="p1796267678">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Next to the building was a plaza named City Hall Square,<ref name="nyt-1938-06-21">Template:Cite news</ref> which separated it from the Trylon and Perisphere, the central monument of the 1939 fair.<ref name="nyt-1938-06-21" /><ref name="p514938936">Template:Cite news</ref> Around it was a spiral hedge ranging from Template:Convert tall,<ref name="p12430918942"/> as well as English boxwood trimmed in the shape of the fair's seal.<ref name="nyt-1938-05-01">Template:Cite news</ref> Malvina Hoffman designed a bas-relief called Dances of the Races to the east of the building,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> while William Zorach designed the sculptural group Builders of the Future to the west.<ref name="nyt-1938-12-11">Template:Cite news</ref> Inside the pavilion were dioramas, murals, models, and displays about various departments of the city government.<ref name="nyt-1938-06-05" /><ref name="p1247103148">Template:Cite news</ref> The pavilion included exhibits on such topics as the WNYC radio station, the city's courts, and the Independent Subway System,<ref name="p1247103148" /> along with stage shows and a voting demonstration.<ref name="nyt-1939-04-30">Template:Cite news</ref> There were a total of 63 exhibits, as well as an auditorium.<ref name="nyt-1939-04-30" />
La Guardia dedicated the building when the fair opened on April 30, 1939.<ref name="nyt-1939-05-01">Template:Cite news</ref> The fair ran for two 6-month seasons until October 26, 1940.<ref name="DORIS 2022 q299">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A special edition of New York Advancing, a book about the city government, was published in celebration of the fair's opening. The special edition included an official guide to the New York City Pavilion.<ref name="p1244894803">Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref> After the end of the fair's first season in November 1939, the space east of the building was converted to a concert area,<ref name="p1259435558">Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref> and furniture was stored in the pavilion prior to the 1940 season.<ref name="nyt-1940-05-07">Template:Cite news</ref> A memorial plaque was installed on the New York City Pavilion after two policemen were killed in 1940 while attempting to defuse a bomb nearby.<ref name="nyt-1973-10-21">Template:Cite news</ref>
United Nations and skating rinkEdit
The New York City Building was one of seven structures at Flushing Meadows to be preserved following the 1939 fair.<ref name="p1247324294a">Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref>Template:Efn Within days of the fair's closure in October 1940, the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation had requested $25,000 from the New York City Board of Estimate to convert the building to an ice rink.<ref name="nyt-1940-10-28">Template:Cite news</ref> The building was divided into a roller skating rink to the north and an ice-skating rink to the south.<ref name="p1284518724">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="p1263415458">Template:Cite news</ref> The roller rink measured Template:Convert, while the ice rink measured Template:Convert<ref name="p1263415458" /> and could be used for other sports such as basketball and tennis.<ref name="p515377595">Template:Cite news</ref> The rinks opened on January 12, 1941,<ref name="p1263419808">Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref> as the park's first sporting facility.<ref name="p1263415458" /> Skaters had to pay an admission fee, and spectators were also charged a fee after late 1941.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The rinks recorded 150,000 total visitors in their first three months<ref name="p1265917920">Template:Cite news</ref> and 1.4 million total visitors in five years.<ref name="p1315203557">Template:Cite news</ref>
The United Nations was planning a permanent headquarters during the 1940s.<ref name="Mires 2015 q822">Template:Cite book</ref> While the organization was deciding on a permanent headquarters, UN Secretary-General Trygve Lie decided in April 1946 to use the New York City Pavilion as a meeting hall for the United Nations General Assembly.<ref name="p13135610752">Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref> The city and UN agreed to spend $2.27 million to renovate the pavilion and environs,<ref name="p1284530726">Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref> and workers began renovations in May 1946.<ref name="p1284518724" /><ref name="nyt-1946-05-04">Template:Cite news</ref> A wall was built between the northern and southern halves of the building, and an auditorium and small annex was built in the northern half.<ref name="p1284518724" /> The southern half was converted to space for air conditioning equipment.<ref name="nyt-1946-05-04" /> Workers also planted a flower garden at the site of the Trylon and Perisphere, in addition to 1,000 trees, 2,500 shrubs, and 200,000 other plants around the building. In addition, nearby roads were upgraded.<ref name="p1284518724" /> Early plans called for the General Assembly to use the building for only six months; the building would have continued to function as a roller-skating and ice-skating rink afterward.<ref name="p1284512159">Template:Cite news</ref>
Once the renovations were completed, the UN took over the building that September,<ref name="nyt-1946-09-15">Template:Cite news</ref> and a formal ceremony was hosted on October 18, 1946.<ref name="p1291272042">Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref> Later that year, the UN decided to build its permanent headquarters in Manhattan, and the UN was allowed to stay at the New York City Pavilion until the Manhattan headquarters was finished.<ref name="p1291270419">Template:Cite news</ref> Numerous significant events occurred at the New York City Pavilion in the UN's early years, including the creation of UNICEF, the partition of Korea,<ref name="Rhoades r371">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and the authorization of the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine (during which Israel was created).<ref name="nyt-1973-10-21" /><ref name="Rhoades r371" /> The UN renewed its lease of the building in late 1947.<ref name="nyt-1947-11-24">Template:Cite news</ref> The pavilion was the temporary home of the General Assembly until October 20, 1951,<ref name="p1337265889">Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref> and the General Assembly met in Manhattan afterward.<ref name="p305904447">Template:Cite news</ref>
After the UN vacated the space, contractors converted the building back into a rink as part of a $237,000 renovation.<ref name="nyt-1952-03-30">Template:Cite news</ref> A Template:Convert wooden roller-skating rink and a Template:Convert ice rink were added,<ref name="nyt-1952-10-12">Template:Cite news</ref> and ramps and public announcement systems were also installed.<ref name="p1315203557" /><ref name="nyt-1952-10-12" /> The rink reopened on October 18, 1952,<ref name="p1313591785">Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref> and was renovated again in mid-1953.<ref name="p1319947189">Template:Cite news</ref> To celebrate the New York City Pavilion's usage as a temporary General Assembly hall, the building was depicted in a stamp released by the United Nations in 1958.<ref name="p540695885">Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref> By the 1960s, it was one of two major structures in Flushing Meadows Park that remained from the 1939 fair, the other being Billy Rose's Aquacade.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
1964 World's FairEdit
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The Flushing Meadows site was selected in 1959 for the 1964 New York World's Fair.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Gilmore David Clarke and Michael Rapuano, who had redesigned the park for the 1939 World's Fair, were retained to tailor the park layout for the new fair.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite report</ref> New York City parks commissioner Robert Moses was appointed as president of the World's Fair Corporation, which was to operate the fair.<ref name="nyt-1960-05-25">Template:Cite news</ref> Moses decided to reuse the New York City Building as the city's exhibition space during the 1964 World's Fair.<ref>Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref> Almost all of Flushing Meadows–Corona Park was closed in early 1961 in advance of the fair, except for the New York City Building's ice skating rink.<ref name="n1325186012">Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref> In June 1961, the New York City Board of Estimate awarded a contract for the construction of the Panorama of the City of New York, a scale model of New York City within the City Building.<ref name="nyt-1961-06-10">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="p1327577323">Template:Cite news</ref> The city government announced in 1962 that it would spend $832,500 to renovate the building's skating rink.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The architect Daniel Chait was hired to renovate the City Building.<ref name="Progress Report 1961 k916">Template:Cite book</ref> Moses requested $1.066 million for the building's renovation in June 1962,<ref name="n147740468">Template:Cite news</ref> and the Board of Estimate ultimately approved $2 million in funding.<ref name="p226796031">Template:Cite news</ref> In mid-1963, two figure-skating companies were selected to perform at the City Building as part of a show called Dick Button's Ice-Travaganza.<ref name="The New York Times 1963">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="n147745673">Template:Cite news</ref>
The New York City Building was formally rededicated on April 25, 1964,<ref name="p179431337">Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref> two days after the 1964 World's Fair opened.<ref name="nyt-1964-04-24">Template:Cite news</ref> Tickets to the ice-skating show ranged from $1 to $2,<ref name="p913683684">Template:Cite news</ref> while tickets for simulated helicopter rides above the Panorama cost 10 cents apiece.<ref name="nyt-1964-04-26">Template:Cite news</ref> The main attraction in the building was the Panorama of the City of New York, which had cost the city $600,000 and taken two years to construct.<ref name="nyt-1964-04-26" /><ref name="Samuel pp. 136–137">Template:Harvnb</ref> The building's ice rink was equipped with a ski run,<ref name="n147745673" /><ref name="p568683565">Template:Cite news</ref> in addition to six movable stages and 12 stationary stages.<ref name="The New York Times 1963" /><ref name="n147745673" /> Memorabilia and artworks from 34 museums were displayed inside the building to celebrate the 300th anniversary of the British conquest of New Netherland,<ref name="Samuel p. 136">Template:Harvnb</ref><ref name="p913586688">Template:Cite news</ref> and a film displayed the history of the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority (TBTA).<ref name="Samuel p. 136" /> Radio station WNYC also moved much of its broadcasting operations to the City Building during the 1964 World's Fair. A replica of a New York City Police Department precinct was added to the building.<ref name="nyt-1963-08-14">Template:Cite news</ref>
During the 1964 season, there were rarely any queues to get inside the City Building.<ref name="nyt-1965-04-22">Template:Cite news</ref> The Panorama was initially relatively unpopular with visitors,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> but it ultimately recorded an average of 1,400 visitors a day.<ref name="Rhoades 2014" /> Dick Button's Ice-Travaganza was also unsuccessful, despite the building's central location within the World's Fair grounds.<ref name="p914375859">Template:Cite news</ref> The New York City Building operated until the end of the 1964 World's Fair in October 1965.<ref>Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref> From the outset, Moses planned to preserve the New York City Building after the 1964 World's Fair,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="p510830485">Template:Cite news</ref> and the World's Fair Corporation set aside funding for the building's renovation at the end of the fair.<ref name="nyt-1965-08-19">Template:Cite news</ref> The initial plans called for the Panorama to be moved from the building to the Civic Center of Manhattan,<ref name="nyt-1965-10-18">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="p1326896806a">Template:Cite news</ref> allowing the City Building to be used as a skating rink.<ref name="nyt-1965-10-18" /><ref name="p375484565">Template:Cite news</ref> Moses subsequently offered to have the TBTA take responsibility for the Panorama.<ref name="nyt-1965-10-22">Template:Cite news</ref> The City Building was one of the few buildings to remain from the 1964 fair, along with the Unisphere, Singer Bowl, New York State and U.S. pavilions, and the Hall of Science.<ref name="Samuel p. 194">Template:Harvnb</ref> The structure was used by the TBTA in the 1960s,<ref name="p278790364">Template:Cite news</ref> and the city government took over the surrounding park in 1967.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Late 20th centuryEdit
Creation of museumEdit
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After the TBTA moved out of the New York City Pavilion,<ref name="nyt-1972-11-12">Template:Cite news</ref> city parks commissioner August Heckscher II announced in November 1971 that part of the New York City Pavilion would be converted into Queens's first art museum.<ref name="nyt-1971-11-21">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="n149164690">Template:Cite news</ref> Heckscher organized a board of 14 trustees,<ref name="n149164690" /> and the city government provided $100,000 for the museum.<ref name="nyt-1971-11-21" /> During mid-1972, the mechanical systems for the building's skating rink were refurbished, and part of the building was renovated to accommodate the museum.<ref name="n147575685">Template:Cite news</ref> A local group, the Flushing Meadows Corona Park World's Fair Association, also asked the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission to conduct a historical study of the New York City Pavilion.<ref name="n149165596">Template:Cite news</ref> Queens borough president Donald Manes announced in July 1972 that the Queens County Art and Cultural Center had been established at the New York City Pavilion.<ref name="nyt-1972-07-05">Template:Cite news</ref> The museum opened on November 12, 1972, with Clare Fisher as the museum's first director.<ref name="nyt-1972-11-12" /><ref name="n149166316">Template:Cite news</ref> The writer Lawrence R. Samuel wrote that the building's conversion into a museum helped to raise Flushing Meadows Park's profile,<ref name="Samuel p. 196">Template:Harvnb</ref> and The New York Times described the museum as "a primary force in [the] renaissance of the arts" in Queens.<ref name="nyt-1975-11-30">Template:Cite news</ref>
Originally, the Queens County Art and Cultural Center occupied Template:Convert, and two-fifths of the museum's space was taken up by the Panorama.<ref name="nyt-1972-11-12" /> There was only about Template:Convert of actual display space, which meant that the museum had to close every time a temporary exhibit was being added or replaced. The museum had four to five school groups per day, though nearly as many school groups had to be denied admission to the lack of space.<ref name="p965674986">Template:Cite news</ref> The museum's main entrance was at the northern end of the New York City Pavilion building, while the ice-skating rink occupied the structure's southern half.<ref name="nyt-1994-12-11">Template:Cite news</ref> The museum's collection also had no clear focus; according to a 1991 New York Times article, many visitors assumed the Queens Museum was a history museum or knew only about its Panorama.<ref name="nyt-1991-06-14">Template:Cite news</ref> Shortly after the museum opened, the city allocated $140,000 for additional upgrades to the New York City Pavilion,<ref name="n149166316" /> which was later increased to $317,000.<ref name="n149225382">Template:Cite news</ref> The ice-skating rink continued to operate five days a week.<ref name="nyt-1984-02-03">Template:Cite news</ref>
Mid-1970s to 1980sEdit
The Queens County Art and Cultural Center changed its name to the Queens Museum in late 1973.<ref name="n149229566">Template:Cite news</ref> The board of trustees fired Fisher as the museum director that year,<ref name="n149225382" /> following disagreements over policy.<ref name="nyt-1975-02-09">Template:Cite news</ref> Kenneth Kahn was hired to replace Fisher in 1974.<ref name="n149225382" /><ref name="nyt-1975-02-09" /> The museum's eight employees subsequently expressed dissatisfaction with the lack of personnel guidance from the board of trustees,<ref name="n149229674">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="nyt-1975-01-17">Template:Cite news</ref> and the staff sought to restructure the museum.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Kahn alleged in early 1975 that the trustees were "a closed corporation, representing a narrow spectrum of the community".<ref name="nyt-1975-02-15">Template:Cite news</ref> The Friends of the Queens Museum, a volunteer group for the museum, suspended its operations to protest the trustees' actions.<ref name="n149230438">Template:Cite news</ref> The museum's board of trustees fired Kahn in February 1975,<ref name="n149169123">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> along with the museum's administrator Betty Miller the next month.<ref name="n149225382" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Several trustees also resigned,<ref name="n149225382" /><ref name="nyt-1975-05-18">Template:Cite news</ref> and the museum's staff took over the museum's gift shop from the Friends group.<ref name="n149230438" /> Kahn later sued several trustees, claiming that they had broken a contract and slandered him.<ref name="n149232904">Template:Cite news</ref>
Thomas Hoving, the Metropolitan Museum of Art's director, was hired as the museum's interim director in March 1975,<ref name="n149169123" /><ref name="nyt-1975-03-05">Template:Cite news</ref> and the dissent surrounding the museum subsided.<ref name="nyt-1975-05-18" /> Blanche Taub, the leader of the Friends, was also elected to the museum's board of trustees,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and the board itself was replaced shortly thereafter.<ref name="nyt-1975-07-20">Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref> Amid the 1975 New York City fiscal crisis, the city reneged on a $350,000 grant that it had offered to the museum's staff for a renovation of the building.<ref name="n149233070">Template:Cite news</ref> It took more than two years before a permanent director was hired.<ref name="n149257193">Template:Cite news</ref> Janet Schneider was hired as the museum's executive director in February 1978.<ref name="n149257193" /><ref name="p545216902">Template:Cite news</ref> Geraldine Eiber, who was appointed the same year as the museum's president, wanted to increase public awareness of the museum, in addition to obtaining new art and corporate sponsorships.<ref name="n149735508">Template:Cite news</ref> The New York City Council provided more than $500,000 for an expansion of the Queens Museum shortly afterward, which would add over Template:Convert of exhibition space.<ref name="p965674986" /><ref name="n149257193" /> The Queens Museum's Community Gallery opened in September 1979 as an exhibit space for the local community.<ref name="p964421695">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="n149257943">Template:Cite news</ref> The Queens Museum also began visiting local groups in an attempt to increase residents' involvement with the museum.<ref name="n149257943" />
The museum continued to expand its space within the New York City Pavilion through the 1980s. By 1982, the New York Daily News reported that the museum's gallery, studios, workshops, office, and backroom spaces took up nearly half the building.<ref name="n149634660">Template:Cite news</ref> The Queens Museum began developing a sculpture hall in 1983,<ref name="n149675957">Template:Cite news</ref> when Chase Manhattan Bank gave the museum $150,000 to fund the acquisition of casts from the Metropolitan Museum of Art's collection.<ref name="n149675538">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Ultimately, the Queens Museum loaned 40 casts permanently,<ref name="n149675957" /> and the sculpture hall opened in 1986 with 22 casts.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="p285311602">Template:Cite news</ref> The museum also considered restoring the Panorama and adding moving walkways to that exhibit.<ref name="p1866780892">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Schneider resigned in 1989 after twelve years as the museum's director; by then, the museum was planning a $14 million expansion.<ref name="p278077146">Template:Cite news</ref> Steven Klindt was hired as the new director later that year.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="n149735142">Template:Cite news</ref> By then, the museum had 100,000 annual visitors (many times higher than in the 1970s), though membership was less than projected, with 1,200 members.<ref name="p278121016">Template:Cite news</ref> Furthermore, many visitors were either part of school groups or came specifically to see the Panorama.<ref name="p278795357">Template:Cite news</ref>
1990sEdit
In the early 1990s, the museum received $13.5 million from the city government for a renovation of the New York City Pavilion. Despite citywide budget cuts, the museum was able to keep most of its programs intact, though it did have to fire some staff.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Queens Museum officials began renovating the museum building in June 1991, and the museum's name was lengthened from "Queens Museum" to "Queens Museum of Art".<ref name="nyt-1991-06-14" /><ref name="p278412869">Template:Cite news</ref> The architect Rafael Viñoly reconfigured the structure into galleries, classrooms, and offices.<ref name="Queens Museum of Art" /><ref name="Cotter, Holland 2013">Template:Cite news</ref> A new entrance and galleries were built to the east, facing the Unisphere,<ref name="nyt-1994-12-11" /><ref name="p278450753">Template:Cite news</ref> and a 117-seat auditorium was also built.<ref name="n150598761">Template:Cite news</ref> In addition, a ramp was constructed between the upper and lower levels of the museum.<ref name="nyt-1994-12-11" /> The Panorama, the museum's sole permanent exhibit, was removed so workers could update it.<ref name="p398362983">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="nyt-1992-04-05">Template:Cite news</ref> Museum workers had finished renovating the facade by 1992.<ref name="p398362983" />
During the renovation, the museum recorded fewer visitors, in part because the Panorama was temporarily removed and because the existing exhibits did not appeal to Queens's increasingly ethnically diverse population.<ref name="n149159250">Template:Cite news</ref> The museum also began looking to hire an executive to help raise funds,<ref name="n149159250" /> and Carma C. Fauntleroy was hired as the museum's executive director in 1993.<ref name="nyt-1994-01-23">Template:Cite news</ref> In addition, museum executives began meeting with Queens community groups, as the museum wanted to host more shows that signified Queens's cultural diversity.<ref name="nyt-1994-01-23" /> The renovation was completed in November 1994 with double the amount of gallery space.<ref name="nyt-1994-11-25">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="p278795357" /> Fauntleroy said the new galleries would allow the museum to display more visual art.<ref name="p278795357" /> The renovation ultimately cost $15 million.<ref name="p313700477"/><ref name="n149778542">Template:Cite news</ref> In the long term, the museum also wanted to expand into the space occupied by the ice rink.<ref name="p278306401">Template:Cite news</ref>
By the late 1990s, Queens borough president Claire Shulman was considering replacing the New York City Pavilion's ice rink with a new rink at Cunningham Park in eastern Queens.<ref name="n149778542" /> The relocation would allow the Queens Museum to expand even further, though the proposal was controversial.<ref name="n149778542" /><ref name="p305554087">Template:Cite news</ref> At the time, the ice rink was deteriorating, and the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation preferred to demolish the rink rather than repair it.<ref name="p305554087" /> Laurene Buckley took over as the museum's executive director in July 1999, with plans to expand the permanent collection and attract more visitors.<ref name="p313700477">Template:Cite news</ref> That November, she initiated the First Thursdays program, in which the museum hosted events and activities one Thursday a month.<ref name="nyt-1999-11-04">Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref>
21st centuryEdit
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2000s and early 2010sEdit
In 2001, the New York City Department of Design and Construction hosted an architectural design competition for a proposed renovation of the Queens Museum building.<ref name="nyt-2001-08-26">Template:Cite news</ref> The museum hired Eric Owen Moss to design the expansion that December.<ref name="nyt-2001-12-27">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="n147717359">Template:Cite news</ref> The plans called for the relocation of the ice skating rink,<ref name="nyt-2001-12-27" /><ref name="AR 2002-02">Template:Cite magazine</ref> as well as a new bent-glass roof, an exhibition space at the center of the structure, and a dirt mound facing Grand Central Parkway to the west.<ref name="AR 2002-02" /><ref name="nyt-2005-01-26">Template:Cite news</ref> This would have doubled the museum's space and allowed it to accommodate more art exhibitions and programs.<ref name="p279569089">Template:Cite news</ref> The city government also promised $22.5 million toward the museum's expansion,<ref name="nyt-2002-07-27">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="p219169585">Template:Cite magazine</ref> but the museum needed to raise another $15 million.<ref name="p219162984" /> Architectural critics derided Moss's plans, and preservationists described it as being incongruous with the building's original design;<ref name="nyt-2002-07-27" /><ref name="p305708738">Template:Cite news</ref> museum officials then voted to scale down Moss's plans.<ref name="nyt-2005-01-26" /> NYC Parks began building another ice rink nearby in 2002 to replace the New York City Pavilion's rink,<ref name="p279569089" /> but work on the new rink was delayed later that year due to funding shortages.<ref name="p305768355">Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref> The next year, city officials said they could not provide funds for the museum's expansion until 2006.<ref name="p219169585" />
Tom Finkelpearl was hired as the museum's director in early 2002.<ref name="TimesLedger g506">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}; {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="p219162984">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Finkelpearl said at the time that many visitors to Flushing Meadows Corona Park continued to ignore the museum because the building looked "like it's closed, even when we're open".<ref name="p219162984" /> He was advocating for changes to the museum's renovation plans by late 2004,<ref name="nyt-2005-01-26" /> saying that Moss's plan "wasn't jelling from a practical perspective".<ref name="AR 2005-03">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Accordingly, the museum abandoned Moss's plan in early 2005.<ref name="nyt-2005-01-26" /><ref name="AR 2005-03" /> The museum solicited a new proposal from Grimshaw Architects,<ref name="n147717528a">Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref> which agreed to work with local engineering firm Ammann & Whitney.<ref name="AR 2005-05">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Queens borough president Helen Marshall gave the museum a $10.6 million grant for the expansion in March 2006, which at the time was the largest gift the museum had ever received.<ref name="p306022275">Template:Cite news</ref> Grimshaw presented revised designs for the expansion that October.<ref name="p306076965">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="nyt-2006-10-05">Template:Cite news</ref> The revised plans called for new facades to the west and east, as well as a skylit interior courtyard.<ref name="nyt-2006-10-05" /> At the time, the renovation was supposed to cost $37 million of which $21 million came from Marshall's office.<ref name="p306076965" /><ref name="nyt-2006-10-05" />
The museum began an expansion project in 2009.<ref name="Halperin">Halperin, Julia. (July 16, 2013), "Queens Museum to double in size" Template:Webarchive The Art Newspaper</ref> Grimshaw Architects and Ammann & Whitney developed plans for Template:Convert of exhibition, education, and office space, as well as eight new artist studios.<ref name="Halperin" /> The new space would be created on the site of the old ice skating rink.<ref name="nyt-2013-08-27">Template:Cite news</ref> The ice rink was relocated to a new facility in the northeastern section of Flushing Meadows–Corona Park.<ref name="Cotter, Holland 2013" /> and the interior of the ice rink was demolished by the beginning of 2010.<ref name="nyt-2010-01-18">Template:Cite news</ref> The project ultimately ended up costing $69 million.<ref name="Cotter, Holland 2013" /><ref name="Trapasso 2013 j552">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The expanded museum reopened in November 2013 with a new entrance at Grand Central Parkway.<ref name="Cotter, Holland 2013" /><ref name="Time Out New York 2013"/> After it reopened, the museum shortened its name to Queens Museum.<ref name="Trapasso 2013 j552" />
Mid-2010s to presentEdit
Template:Flushing Meadows-Corona Park map Finkelpearl resigned in 2014 when he was hired as commissioner of the New York City Department of Cultural Affairs.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Subsequently, the Queens Museum appointed Laura Raicovich as its director that October.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}; {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}; {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The New York Times wrote that, in contrast to other museum directors (who tended to be politically uninvolved), Raicovich was politically outspoken during her tenure as the Queens Museum's director; Raicovich said her actions were intended to make the museum more attractive to Queens's diverse population.<ref name="Pogrebin 2017">Template:Cite news</ref> During the first inauguration of Donald Trump as U.S. president in January 2017, the museum closed temporarily in conjunction with a protest hosted by artists. The museum also began hosting events at nearby houses and streets. Raicovich told the Times that these events had been intended to counter a decline in visitor numbers that occurred after Trump's election.<ref name="Pogrebin 2017" />
In 2017, the museum controversially<ref name="Monteverdi 2017">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> canceled an agreement to rent space for a party celebrating the 70th anniversary of the Israeli Declaration of Independence.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Pazmino 2017">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}; {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Raicovich had called the party a "political event".<ref name="Martinez 2017">Template:Cite news</ref> Local politicians worked to restore the museum's commitment to host the event,<ref name="Martinez 2017" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> which was ultimately reinstated at the museum.<ref name="Monteverdi 2017" /><ref name="Pazmino 2017"/> The event included a staged reenactment of the November 29, 1947, United Nations vote to partition the British Mandate for Palestine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}; Template:Cite news</ref> As a consequence of the controversy, the Queens Museum's board commissioned an investigation into misbehaviors by Raicovich and deputy director David Strauss.<ref name="Pogrebin 2018">Template:Cite news</ref> Raicovich resigned in January 2018,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}; Template:Cite news</ref> and Strauss was fired.<ref name="Pogrebin 2018" /> The British curator Sally Tallant was hired as the museum's new director in late 2018.<ref name="Parry 2018a">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}; {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}; Template:Cite news</ref>
The Queens Museum was closed temporarily from March to September 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City.<ref name="Cascone 2020">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The city government gave the museum $26.4 million in September 2021 to complete the second phase of its expansion.<ref name="Artforum 2021">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}; {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In mid-2022, the museum hired Levenbetts to design the renovation, which museum officials predicted would cost $69 million.<ref name="Hickman 2022">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}; {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The project would create a children's museum wing; add Template:Convert of storage space; build a Template:Convert art lab; and add classrooms, conservation, and exhibit preparation spaces.<ref name="Artforum 2021" /> The project was to involve repairing the south facade as well.<ref name="Hickman 2022" /> The city allocated another $8.5 million for the children's museum space in August 2023.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
BuildingEdit
The museum building, originally the New York City Pavilion,<ref name="n149634660" /> covers Template:Convert following the 2013 renovation.<ref name="Time Out New York 2013">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="ArchDaily i426">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> As constructed, the building measured Template:Convert across, with a ceiling Template:Convert high.<ref name="p1247103148" /> The building includes exhibit spaces, event spaces, artists' studios, a cafe, and an atrium.<ref name="Time Out New York 2013" /> The structure is one of five buildings that survive from the 1939 World's Fair. The other structures include a boathouse and an administration building in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park; the Parachute Jump on Coney Island; and the Belgian Building at Virginia Union University in Richmond, Virginia.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It is also one of several 1964 World's Fair structures that remain in the park, along with the New York Hall of Science, the New York State Pavilion, Terrace on the Park, and the Unisphere.<ref name="p3059044472">Template:Cite news</ref>
The exterior is primarily made of concrete. When the New York City Pavilion was built, it had rectangular pillars, glass-block walls, and a geometric cornice. In advance of the 1964 fair, the glass blocks were covered up, and the cornice was removed.<ref name="n149634660" /> Prior to the 2013 renovation, the building had no main entrance; thus, many visitors to Flushing Meadows–Corona Park did not know of the museum's existence.<ref name="nyt-2005-01-26" /> After the 2013 renovation, there is a Template:Convert, Template:Convert glass wall on the western facade of the museum building.<ref name="ArchDaily i426" /> The glass facade consists of fritted glass panels interspersed with aluminum panels. At night, the facade is illuminated by LED lights that are visible from Grand Central Parkway immediately to the west.<ref name="Bernstein 2013 y776">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The eastern end of the building has a set of revolving doors embedded within a Template:Convert curtain wall, which in turn is recessed behind a colonnade.<ref name="nyt-1994-12-11" />
Collections and exhibitsEdit
Permanent collectionEdit
The museum's permanent collection includes 10,000 items related to the 1939 and 1964 World's Fairs.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> As of 2013, about 900 World's Fair objects are on permanent display.<ref name="Time Out New York 2013" /> Acquisitions over the years have included works by Salvador Dalí<ref name="Long 2003 d501">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Mark Dion.<ref name="Angeleti 2021 z513">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Clear left
Panorama of the City of New YorkEdit
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The largest permanent exhibition at the Queens Museum is the Panorama of the City of New York, which was constructed by Lester Associates for the 1964 World's Fair.<ref name="nyt-1961-06-10" /><ref name="p1327577323" /> A celebration of the city's municipal infrastructure, this Template:Convert architectural model<ref name="Kilgannon 2007">Template:Cite news</ref> includes almost every building that existed in all five boroughs in 1992, at a 1:1200 scale.<ref name="Queens Museum 2024">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref> One hundred employees from Raymond Lester Associates built the model in three years.<ref name="Queens Museum 2024" /> The model is made of 273 panels.<ref name="Rhoades 2014">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Barron 2023">Template:Cite news</ref> The panorama depicts 895,000 individual structures,<ref name="Kilgannon 2007" /><ref name="Rhoades 2014" /> which are made of plastic or wood.<ref name="Rhoades 2014" /> All of the bridges are made of brass.<ref name="Rhoades 2014" /> The panel depicting the Far Rockaway neighborhood was not originally installed due to space limitations; in 1987, the Far Rockaway panel was installed in its own room.<ref name="p285528193">Template:Cite news</ref>
After the Fair closed, the Panorama remained open to the public, and Lester's team updated the map in 1967, 1968, and 1969.<ref name="Queens Museum 2024" /> After 1970, very few changes were made until 1992, when again Lester Associates was hired to update the model, adding over 60,000 structures.<ref name="Queens Museum 2024" /> In March 2009, the museum announced that it would allow people to donate at least $50 to have accurate scale models created and added.<ref name="Queens Museum 2024" /> The mechanical "helicopter" vehicles for conveying exhibition visitors were showing signs of wear, and were removed before the 1994 reopening.<ref name="Queens Museum 2024" /> The Panorama has also hosted temporary exhibits, such as models of unbuilt structures the 2018 exhibit Never Built New York.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The current installation, dating to a 1990s renovation of the museum by Rafael Viñoly, features accessible ramps and an elevated glass floored walkway which surround the Panorama.<ref name="Queens Museum 2024"/> Since 2023, the museum has also allowed visitors to look at individual structures in the Panorama, via an electronic kiosk display.<ref name="Barron 2023"/>
Relief Map of the New York City Water Supply SystemEdit
The museum also displays the Relief Map of the New York City Water Supply System, which measures Template:Convert across, with a total area of Template:Convert.<ref name="nyt-2008-05-11">Template:Cite news</ref> The map is a scale model of the New York City water supply system and watershed. Tunnels and reservoirs are marked by lights that are placed across the map.<ref name="Meier q467">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The map is divided into 27 panels so it can be easily disassembled.<ref name="nyt-2008-05-11" /><ref name="Meier q467" />
The Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity (a predecessor to the New York City Department of Environmental Protection) commissioned the Cartographic Survey Force of the Works Progress Administration to create the map for the 1939 World's Fair.<ref name="Queens Museum y480">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Work began in 1938, with a budget of $100,000 (Template:Inflation), but it was not displayed at the 1939 fair.<ref name="nyt-2008-05-11" /><ref name="Queens Museum y480" /> The reason for this is variously attributed to World War II-era security concerns and the map's large area.<ref name="Meier q467" /> The map was displayed at Grand Central Palace in 1948, the only time in the 20th century that it was publicly displayed.<ref name="nyt-2008-05-11" /><ref name="Meier q467" /> For the rest of the century, the map remained in storage and experienced dust and water damage.<ref name="nyt-2008-05-11" /> Museum officials announced in 2005 that they would install the map in the museum.<ref name="nyt-2005-12-04">Template:Cite news</ref> The map was restored by the McKay Lodge Fine Arts Conservation Lab in Oberlin, Ohio, between 2006 and 2008, then displayed at the Queens Museum.<ref name="nyt-2008-05-11" /><ref name="Meier q467" />
World's Fair Visual Storage and GalleryEdit
Located on the second floor of the Queens Museum, this exhibit displays memorabilia from both the 1939 and 1964 World's Fairs. About 900 objects are displayed on-site.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The online catalog contains over 10,000 items in total from both fairs.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Non-permanent collectionEdit
Neustadt Collection of Tiffany GlassEdit
Since 1995, the museum has maintained a partnership with the Neustadt Collection of Tiffany Glass.<ref name="Rhoades 2016">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Selections from the collection are on long-term display, drawn from a large private Tiffany collection assembled by Egon Neustadt and his wife Hildegard starting in the mid-1930s.<ref name="Rhoades 2016" /><ref name="p279024809">Template:Cite news</ref> The pieces originally went on display in 1997,<ref name="p279024809" /><ref name="nyt-1997-03-13">Template:Cite news</ref> after the museum's expansion was completed, and were intended to be exhibited for a decade.<ref name="n149778393">Template:Cite news</ref> There are 440 pieces in the collection,<ref name="n149778393" /> most of which are kept in storage in Long Island City, Queens, and are not on public view.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The history of the creation of Tiffany's artworks is featured in the Queens Museum exhibitions, as Tiffany Studios and Furnaces was once located in Corona, which were closed in the 1930s.<ref>The Neustadt Collection of Tiffany Glass Template:Webarchive official website</ref><ref>The Neustadt Collection of Tiffany Glass Template:Webarchive, Queens Museum website</ref>
Temporary exhibitsEdit
The museum also stages temporary exhibits regularly.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In its first decade, the museum staged eight to ten temporary exhibits annually.<ref name="p965674986" /> The museum's first-ever exhibition was a set of 19th-century landscapes from the Metropolitan Museum of Art.<ref name="nyt-1972-11-12" /><ref name="n149166316" /> Starting in the 1970s, local artists' work was displayed at the museum every year,<ref name="nyt-1975-11-30" /><ref name="n149168614a">See, for example: Template:Cite news; Template:Cite news</ref> and there were two or three annual exhibitions of local artists' work.<ref name="nyt-1995-09-01">Template:Cite news</ref> The topics of other exhibits in the 1970s included works by Joseph Cornell,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> animals in art,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> historical representations of cows,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> sports-themed art,<ref name="p545361066">Template:Cite news</ref> the history of Queens,<ref name="n149256616">Template:Cite news</ref> and items from the 1939 and 1964 fairs.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> During the 1980s, the topics of the museum's exhibits included American art films,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> 18th- and 19th-century European prints,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Spanish gold artifacts,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and the creation of the Panorama exhibit.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> By the end of that decade, the museum displayed about 15 exhibits a year.<ref name="p278077146" />
The museum began hosting exhibits relating to Queens residents and ethnic groups in the 1990s.<ref name="nyt-1994-01-23" /> These included exhibits about Korean Americans and the musician Louis Armstrong.<ref name="p278790364" /><ref name="nyt-1994-01-23" /> Exhibits in the first decade of the 21st century included a showcase of crime scene photographs from the Daily NewsTemplate:' archives,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> a showcase of banners created by schoolchildren,<ref name="p279656087">Template:Cite news</ref> a show about the diplomat Ralph Bunche,<ref name="n151900622">Template:Cite news</ref> drawings from the court reporter William Sharp,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and an exhibit of photographs of Robert Moses's work.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> During the 2010s, temporary exhibits included collections of World's Fair artifacts.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> When the museum reopened after the COVID-19 pandemic, it hosted exhibitions about the concept of home, the photographer Bruce Davidson, and children's art.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Programs and outreachEdit
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The Queens Museum has run numerous outreach programs for the surrounding community.<ref name="Parra 2018">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the 1970s, it offered a free art program for local youth.<ref name="p226506018">Template:Cite news</ref> The museum also hosted Latin American cultural events and arts-education activities during the 1990s.<ref name="p313700477" /> When the museum building was closed during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Queens Museum organized a food pantry for residents of the surrounding neighborhood.<ref name="Cascone 2020" /><ref name="Artforum 2021" /> The museum launched an activist program for teens, the Queens Teens Institute for Art and Social Justice, in 2023.<ref name="McLogan w475">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The Queens Museum has also been involved in community projects. These have included the restoration of Corona Plaza, a public plaza near the New York City Subway's 103rd Street–Corona Plaza station, in the early 21st century.<ref name="Parra 2018" /> Starting in 2004, the museum helped sponsor the Queens Culture Trolley, which traveled between Flushing Meadows and the neighborhoods of Corona and Jackson Heights.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}; {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
OperationEdit
ManagementEdit
The museum is operated by the Queens Museum of Art, which is classified as a 501(c)(3) organization since 1972.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="ProPublica p026">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:As of, Queens Museum's director is Sally Tallant.<ref name="Parry 2018a" /> In the 1970s, the Queens Museum was part of the Flushing Arts Council, a group of Flushing cultural institutions that also included Flushing Town Hall and Queens Botanical Garden.<ref name="p966047777">Template:Cite news</ref>
Attendance and fundingEdit
The museum accommodated 60,000<ref name="p278790364" /> or 100,000 annual visitors in the late 1980s and early 1990s.<ref name="p278077146" /> Roughly half of visitors came as part of school field trips.<ref name="p278790364" /> By the 2010s, the museum had 200,000 annual visitors;<ref name="Small 2020" /> prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the museum accommodated 30,000 students annually.<ref name="Small 2020">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2020, the Queens Museum made admission free for all visitors,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and the museum instead operates on a pay what you want model.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
When the museum opened, it sold annual memberships. Members received regular newsletters and bulletins, and the museum also hosted member-only events and exhibition previews.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Template:As of, the Queens Museum sells four tiers of memberships, and the museum hosts member-only publications, events, and exhibition previews.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Queens Museum is also part of the Culture Pass program, whose members can enter for free.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}; {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In the 1970s, the museum's annual operating budget totaled $150,000, of which four-fifths came from the New York City government.<ref name="n149225382" /> The budget grew steadily during the 1970s and 1980s, reaching $2 million by 1989.<ref name="p278077146" /> During the 1990s, the museum had an operating budget of $1.8 million, and seven-tenths of the budget was funded by the city or other public sources.<ref name="n149159250" /> For the fiscal year ending on June 30, 2022, the Queens Museum recorded total revenue of $6.38 million, expenses of $6.59 million, assets of $36.6 million, and liabilities of $364,000.<ref name="ProPublica p026" />
See alsoEdit
- 1939 New York World's Fair pavilions and attractions
- 1964 New York World's Fair pavilions
- List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City
ReferencesEdit
NotesEdit
CitationsEdit
SourcesEdit
External linksEdit
Template:Flushing Meadows-Corona Park Template:Subject bar Template:Authority control