Incubator escapee wiki

Van Province

Article Discussion

Template:Short description {{#invoke:other uses|otheruses}} Template:Infobox Turkey place

Van Province (Template:Langx, Template:Langx,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Armenian: Վանի մարզ) is a province and metropolitan municipality in the Eastern Anatolian region of Turkey, between Lake Van and the Iranian border. Its area is 20,921 km2,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and its population is 1,128,749 (2022).<ref name=tuik>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Its adjacent provinces are Bitlis to the west, Siirt to the southwest, Şırnak and Hakkâri to the south, and Ağrı to the north. The capital of the province is the city of Van, with a population of 525,016 at the end of 2022. The second-largest city is Erciş, with 92,945 inhabitants at end 2022. The province was part of ancient province of VaspurakanTemplate:Sfnp and is considered to be one of the cradles of Armenian civilization. Before the Armenian genocide, Van Province was one of the six Armenian vilayets.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp A majority of the population of the province is Kurdish.Template:Sfnp

DemographicsEdit

Historical population composition of Van by groups
Year Armenians Muslims Others Total
1881–1882Template:Sfnp 52.1% 47.9% 0% 113,964
1914Template:Sfnp 35.7% 63.6% 0.7% 172,171

The province is mainly populated by Kurds and considered part of Turkish Kurdistan.Template:Sfnp The province had a significant Christian Armenian population until the genocide in 1915.Template:Sfnp

In the 1881–1882 Ottoman census, the sanjak of Van had a population of 113,964 of which Template:Percentage was Armenian and Template:Percentage Muslim.Template:Sfnp In the 1914 census, the sanjak had a population of 172,171 of which Template:Percentage was Muslim and Template:Percentage Armenian. The remaining population was Assyrians at Template:Percentage.Template:Sfnp

In the first Turkish census in 1927, Kurdish was the most-spoken first language in Van Province (which included Hakkari Province until 1945) at Template:Percentage while Turkish remained the second most-spoken first language at Template:Percentage. Other languages enumerated included Hebrew at Template:Percentage and Arabic at Template:Percentage. In the same census, Muslims comprised Template:Percentage of the population and the remaining Template:Percentage being Jews.Template:Sfnp

In the subsequent census in 1935, Kurdish stood at Template:Percentage and Turkish at Template:Percentage. Other smaller languages included Circassian at Template:Percentage, Hebrew at Template:Percentage, Arabic at Template:Percentage.

Muslims remained the largest denomination at Template:Percentage, Jews stood at Template:Percentage and Christians at Template:Percentage.Template:Sfnp In 1945, Kurdish stood at Template:Percentage and Turkish at Template:Percentage, while Template:Percentage of the population was Muslim.Template:Sfnp In 1955, Kurdish and Turkish remained the two most spoken languages at Template:Percentage and Template:Percentage, respectively.Template:Sfnp

HistoryEdit

File:Arinçkus Argişti Steli.jpg
Arinçkus Argishti I Stele belonging to the Urartian King Argishti I, dated between 785 BC and 756 BC, Bitlis Ahlat Museum

This area was the heartland of Armenians, who lived in these areas from the time of Hayk in the 3rd millennium BCE right up to the late 19th century when the Ottoman Empire seized all the land from the natives.Template:Sfnp In the 9th century BC the Van area was the center of the Urartian kingdom.<ref>European History in a World Perspective - p. 68 by Shepard Bancroft Clough</ref> The area was a major Armenian population center. The region came under the control of the Armenian Orontids in the 7th century BC and later Persians in the mid-6th century BC. By the early 2nd century BC it was part of the Kingdom of Armenia. It became an important center during the reign of the Armenian king, Tigranes II, who founded the city of Tigranakert in the 1st century BC.<ref>The Journal of Roman Studies – p. 124 by Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies</ref>

Seljuks and OttomansEdit

With the victory of the Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Malazgirt in 1071, just north of Lake Van,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> it became a part of the Seljuq Empire and later the Ottoman Empire during their century long wars with their neighboring Iranian Safavid arch rivals, in which Sultan Selim I managed to conquer the area over the latter. The area continued to be contested and was passed on between the Ottoman Empire and the Safavids (and their subsequent successors, the Afsharids and Qajars) for many centuries until the Battle of Chaldiran which set the borders till this day. During the 19th century it was reorganized as Van Vilayet.

Republic of TurkeyEdit

In 1927 the office of the Inspector General was created, which governed with martial law.Template:Sfnp The province was included in the first Inspectorate General (Umumi Müfettişlik, UM) over which the Inspector General ruled. The UM span over the provinces of Hakkâri, Siirt, Van, Mardin, Bitlis, Sanlıurfa, Elaziğ and Diyarbakır.Template:Sfnp The Inspectorate General were dissolved in 1952 during the Government of the Democrat Party.Template:Sfnp

Between July 1987 and July 2000, Van Province was within the OHAL region, which was ruled by a Governor within a state of emergency.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Modern historyEdit

According to the 2012 Metropolitan Municipalities Law (Law No. 6360), all Turkish provinces with a population more than 750 000, will have a metropolitan municipality and the districts within the metropolitan municipalities will be second level municipalities. The law also creates new districts within the provinces in addition to present districts.<ref>Official gazette Template:In lang</ref> The current Governor is Mehmet Emin Bilmez.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

EarthquakesEdit

Several earthquakes have occurred in Van Province. In 1881 an earthquake occurred and caused the death of 95 people.<ref name=":0" /> In 1941, Van suffered a destructive 5.9 Mw earthquake. Two more earthquakes occurred in 2011 in which 644 people died and 2608 people were injured.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In a 7.2 Mw earthquake on 23 October 2011, more than 500 people were killed.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On 9 November 2011, a 5.6 Mw magnitude earthquake killed also several people and caused buildings to collapse.<ref name=":0" />

DistrictsEdit

File:Van location districts.png

Van Province is divided into 13 districts,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> listed below with their populations as at the end of 2022.<ref name="tuik"/> In 2013 the former Van District was split into İpekyolu and Tuşba districts, which between them contain almost all of the city of Van.

Template:Columns-list

Geology and geomorphologyEdit

LakesEdit

The main lakes in Van province are Lake Turna, Lake Gövelek, Lake Hıdırmenteş, Lake Akgöl, Lake Erçek and Lake Süphan.

Mountains and calderasEdit

The main mountains in the province are Kavuşşahap Mountains, Mount Artos, Mount Erek, Mount Tendürek, Mount Meydan and Girekol.

TourismEdit

The main places with tourism potential in Van are Hoşap Castle, Muradiye Fall, Akdamar Island, Van Castle, Lake Turna, Lake Akgöl and Van Museum.

GalleryEdit

  • Urartian fort in Çavuştepe.jpg

    Haykaberd or Çavuştepe

  • Hosap-castle (17).jpg

    Hoşap Castle

  • Muradiye Falls 2.JPG

    Muradiye Fall

  • Islamic monuments in the Van Province
  • OTAltVanOsmanMoschee.jpg

    Ruined Ottoman mosque in the old ruined part of Van city (16th century)

  • Gevaş Türbe 01.JPG

    Tomb of Halime Hatun in Gevaş (14th century)

  • OTAltVanOsmanMinarett.jpg

    Ruined Ottoman mosque minaret in the old part of Van city

See alsoEdit

General and cited referencesEdit

CitationsEdit

Template:Reflist

External linksEdit

Template:Sister project

Template:Districts of Turkey {{#invoke:Navbox|navbox}} Template:Authority control

Retrieved from "https://zalansite.site/mediawiki/index.php?title=Van_Province&oldid=446235"