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List of Canadian military operations

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:CanWars20thC Since 1947, the Canadian Armed Forces have completed 72 international missions.<ref name="c373">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> More than 3,600 soldiers, sailors and Air Force personnel are deployed overseas on operational missions. On any given day, about 8,000 Canadian Armed Forces members Royal Canadian Air Force, Royal Canadian Navy, and Canadian Army (one-third of the Canadian deployable force) are preparing for, engaged in or are returning from an overseas mission.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Canada's peacekeeping role during the 20th century has played a major role in its positive global image.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Canada has served in over 50 peacekeeping missions.<ref name="Rudderham 2008 pp. 359–384">Template:Cite journal</ref> Canada has long been reluctant to participate in military operations that are not sanctioned by the United Nations (UN),<ref name="Massie 2019 pp. 575–594"/><ref name="Mingst Karns 2019 p. 63">Template:Cite book</ref> such as the Vietnam War or the 2003 invasion of Iraq.<ref name="Massie 2019 pp. 575–594">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name="Mingst Karns 2019 p. 63">Template:Cite book</ref> Canada has faced controversy over its operations in some foreign countries, notably the 1993 Somalia affair.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Since the 21st century, Canadian direct participation in UN peacekeeping efforts greatly declined, with its military participation reallocated to UN-sanctioned operations through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).<ref name="McQuaig2010bt">Template:Cite book</ref> This military reallocation resulted in a shift towards more militarized and deadly missions.<ref name="James Michaud OReilly 2006 p. 177">Template:Cite book</ref> Canada's participation in the Afghanistan war (2001–2014) saw over 160 Canadian deaths, the largest for any single Canadian military mission since the Korean War in the early 1950s.<ref name="The Canadian Encyclopedia 2001 e998">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Defence 2016 d621">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Alongside many domestic obligations and a few ongoing peacekeeping missions, the Canadian Armed Forces are currently deployed in multiple foreign military operation.<ref name="Defence 2024 t917"/> Below is a list of all currently active and past Canadian Armed Forces operations both within Canada's borders and internationally.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Defence 2024 t917">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Current and recurring operationsEdit

This section consists of Canadian Forces operations which are currently active, or conducted annually or on a periodic basis.

DomesticEdit

  • Operation Driftnet – In support of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Multinational efforts to control driftnetting and other forms of illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing in the North Pacific Ocean.<ref name="A"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation LASER - Domestic response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Operation LENTUS – Contingency plan that outlines the joint response to provide support for Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Response (HADR) to provincial and territorial authorities in the case of a major natural disaster that overwhelms their capacity to respond.<ref name="A"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Limpid – Routine domestic surveillance of Canadian air, maritime, land, space, and cyber domains as well as presence in Canada's aerial, maritime and land approaches in order to detect, deter, prevent, pre-empt and defeat threats aimed at Canada or Canadian interests.<ref name="A"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Nanook – To assert Canada's sovereignty over its northernmost regions, to enhance the Canadian Armed Forces' ability to operate in Arctic conditions, to improve coordination in whole-of-government operations, and to maintain interoperability with mission partners for maximum effectiveness in response to safety and security issues in the North.<ref name="A"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Nevus – To perform essential preventive and corrective maintenance on the High Arctic Data Communications System (HADCS) located on Ellesmere Island.<ref name="A"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Nunalivut – To assert Canada's sovereignty over its northernmost regions, to demonstrate the ability to operate in the harsh winter environment in remote areas of the High Arctic, and to enhance its capability to respond to any situation in the Canada's North.<ref name="A"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Nunakput – To assert Canada's sovereignty over its northernmost regions, to enhance the Canadian Armed Forces' ability to operate in Arctic conditions, to improve coordination and cooperation in whole-of-government operations, and to maintain interoperability with mission partners for maximum effectiveness in response to safety and security issues in the North.<ref name="A"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Palaci – Contribution to Parks Canada's avalanche-control program in Rogers Pass. To prevent uncontrolled, naturally occurring avalanches, and thus prevent blockage of the essential road and rail links between coastal British Columbia and the rest of Canada.<ref name="A"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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ForeignEdit

AmericasEdit

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AfricaEdit

  • Operation Crocodile – Military contribution to the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.<ref name="B"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Saturn – To serve with UNAMID, the hybrid operation by the African Union (A.U.) and the United Nations in Darfur.<ref name="B"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Soprano – Participation in the United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS), the military component of a "whole-of-government" engagement in South Sudan that also includes the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.<ref name="B"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Sirona – Military component of the Canadian whole-of-government contribution to fighting the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel will augment efforts undertaken by the United Kingdom to combat the spread of the Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Sierra Leone.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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AsiaEdit

  • Operation Neon - Canadian contribution to monitor United Nations Security Council sanctions placed on North Korea.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> The operation is renewed in 2023 up to 2026.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Formerly done under Operation Projection until 2019.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

At seaEdit

  • Operation Caribbe – Multinational campaign against illicit trafficking by transnational organized crime in the Caribbean basin and the eastern Pacific Ocean.<ref name="A">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Artemis – Participation in counter-terrorism and maritime security operations in the Arabian Sea.<ref name="B"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Projection - Royal Canadian Navy operations in the Asia-Pacific, Euro-Atlantic and African maritime environment in support of NATO Maritime Command, U.S. Naval Forces, and other allied operations.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Middle EastEdit

  • Operation Jade – Contribution to the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) in the Middle East<ref name="B"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Gladius – Latest stage of Canada's long-standing participation in the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) on the Golan Heights between Israel and Syria.<ref name="B"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Calumet – Canada's participation in the Multinational Force and Observers (MFO), an independent peacekeeping operation in the Sinai Peninsula.<ref name="B"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Metric – Periodic participation in international efforts to enhance security in the eastern Mediterranean region, specifically the Middle East and North Africa.<ref name="C"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Proteus – Canada's contribution to the Office of the United States Security Coordinator (USSC) in Jerusalem.<ref name="B"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Foundation – Contribution of headquarters and liaison staff to United States Central Command (USCENTCOM) to support operations in its area of responsibility, which extends from Egypt to Pakistan and includes the Middle East and southwest Asia. Supports Canada's efforts in the Middle East and southwest Asia, and promotes Canadian values through regular presence and exchange with military allies, foreign armed forces, and governments in the USCENTCOM area of responsibility.<ref name="B"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Impact – Canada's contribution to the US-led international coalition against ISIS.

EuropeEdit

  • Operation Kobold – Deployment to Pristina, Kosovo, to serve with the NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR).<ref name="B"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Ignition – Periodic participation in the NATO – Airborne Surveillance and Interception Capabilities to Meet Iceland's Peacetime Preparedness Needs mission. This is an operation conducted to monitor Iceland's airspace and enforce security if required. Contributes to the security of Canadian airspace by monitoring and controlling air traffic in the northeastern approaches to North America.<ref name="C">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Reassurance – Deployment in Central and Eastern Europe as part of NATO reassurance measures.<ref name="B"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Snowgoose – Contribution to the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP).<ref name="B"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Unifier – Contribution to support Ukrainian forces through capacity building, in coordination with the U.S. and other countries providing similar training assistance.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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WorldwideEdit

  • Operation GLOBE - The Canadian Armed Forces's commitment to active engagement abroad. Allowed the opportunity to work alongside personnel from other government departments, as well as other nations. Currently used for deployments related to the COVID-19 pandemic abroad repatriating Canadians overseas, and United Nations-related transportation of humanitarian and food supplies on behalf of the World Food Programme and World Health Organization.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Past operationsEdit

This section consists of Canadian Forces operations that are no longer active or on-going on an annual or periodic basis and are deemed complete.

DomesticEdit

InternationalEdit

This section covers past Canadian Forces operations that took place beyond Canada's borders. It includes peacekeeping operations as well as those through NATO and in participation with other allies.

Americas and CaribbeanEdit

  • Operation Abalone (Provide medical treatment and assist with public health concerns on the island of St. Vincent in 1979)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Bandit (Evacuate Canadians in 1988 from Haiti following aborted elections in Haiti in 1987)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Cadence (Monitor the border between the Dominican Republic and Haiti in 1994)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Heritage (Electoral observers and security advisers for elections in Haiti in December 1990)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Match (Contribution to United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL) from 1991 to 1994)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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AfricaEdit

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PASSAGE

  • Operation Prudence (Contribution to the United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic (MINURCA))
  • Operation Python (CF participation in the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara)
  • Operation Relief
  • Operation Reptile (Canadian peacekeeping contribution to the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) from November 1999 to July 2005)
  • Operation Safari - Operation SAFARI was Canada's participation in the United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS). As such, it was the military component of the Canadian whole-of-government engagement in southern Sudan, which involved the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT), the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). Task Force Sudan, the Canadian Forces team deployed on Operation SAFARI, was the Canadian contingent in UNMIS. At its peak, Task Force Sudan comprised 30 Canadian Forces members, including 20 serving as United Nations Military Observers (UNMOs) at team sites across southern Sudan, eight on the staff at UNMIS Headquarters in Khartoum, and three with the Canadian support element in Khartoum.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Sculpture (Canadian contribution to the IMATT mission in Sierra Leone from 2000 – 2012)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Operation Serval (Supported France's Operation SERVAL, which is their military intervention in the West African country of Mali.)<ref name="C"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Europe, Balkans and MediterraneanEdit

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South AsiaEdit

Southeast AsiaEdit

Southwest Asia and Middle EastEdit

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See alsoEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

Template:Canadian military history Template:Canadian Forces Maritime Command Template:Canadian Forces Air Command Template:Canadian Forces Land Force Command

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