Kyiv Oblast

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Kyiv Oblast (Template:Langx, {{#invoke:IPA|main}}), also called Kyivshchyna ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, {{#invoke:IPA|main}}), is an oblast (province) in central and northern Ukraine. It surrounds, but does not include, the city of Kyiv, which is administered as a city with special status. However, Kyiv also serves as the administrative center of the oblast. The Kyiv metropolitan area extends out from Kyiv city into parts of the oblast, which is significantly dependent on the urban economy and transportation of Kyiv.

The population of Kyiv Oblast is Template:Ua-pop-est2022 Its largest city is Bila Tserkva, with a population over 200,000.

The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone is in the northern part of Kyiv Oblast. It is administered separately from the oblast and public access is prohibited.

HistoryEdit

Kyiv Oblast was created as part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on February 27, 1932 among the first five original oblasts in Ukraine. It was established on territory that had been known as Ruthenian land.<ref>Tolochko, O.P. Ruthenian land (РУСЬКА ЗЕМЛЯ) Template:Webarchive. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine.</ref>

Earlier historical administrative units that became the territory of the oblast include the Kiev Voivodeship under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Kiev Viceroyalty and Kiev Governorate under the Russian Empire. The northern part of the oblast belongs to the historical region of Polesia (Polissia).

In Kyiv region, there was a specific folk icon-painting style much influenced by the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra painting school. Saints were depicted on the deep purple or black background, their clothes dark, their haloes dark blue, dark green or even black, outlined by thin white dotted contours. The Kyiv region's icons collection is the part of the exhibition of the Museum of Ukrainian home icons in the Historical and cultural complex "The Radomysl Castle".<ref>Богомолець. О. "Замок-музей Радомисль на Шляху Королів Via Regia". — Київ, 2013</ref>

The current borders of the oblast were set following the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. Administrative oversight of the new city of Slavutych, which was constructed as part of the Chernihiv Oblast, was then transferred to the Kyiv Oblast (see Chernobyl zone below).

On 24 February 2022, Russian Armed Forces invaded Kyiv Oblast as part of its 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.<ref name="aljazeera2022/4/3/ukraine" /> Ukraine launched a counter-offensive to retake the region in March 2022. The oblast was declared free of invaders on 2 April 2022 by the Ukrainian Deputy Minister of Defense Hanna Maliar.<ref name="aljazeera2022/4/3/ukraine">Ukraine ‘retakes whole Kyiv region’ as Russia looks east Template:Webarchive, aljazeera.com (3 April 2022)</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> According to the Ukrainian Ministry of Defense its troops had retaken more than 30 towns and villages around Kyiv.<ref name="aljazeera2022/4/3/ukraine" /> However, on April 9, 2022 the Russians attacked the Oblast again, even destroying a railway station in Bucha.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

GeographyEdit

Kyiv Oblast has a total area of Template:Convert (approximately 35 times the area of Kyiv city) and is located in north-central Ukraine. On the west it borders the Zhytomyr Oblast, on the southwest – Vinnytsia Oblast, on the south – Cherkasy Oblast, on the southeast – Poltava Oblast, on the east and northeast – Chernihiv Oblast, and on the north – Homyel Voblasts of Belarus.

The oblast is equally split between both banks of the Dnieper River (Dnipro) north and south of Kyiv. Other significant rivers in the oblast are the Dnieper's tributaries: Pripyat (Prypiat) (R), Desna (L), Teteriv (R), Irpin' (R), Ros' (R) and Trubizh (L).

The length of the Dnipro River within the boundaries of the oblast totals Template:Convert. The oblast has a total number of 177 rivers intersecting the region; 13 reservoirs (the most notable ones being Kyiv Reservoir and the Kaniv Reservoir), over 2000 ponds, and approximately 750 small lakes.

ClimateEdit

The climate of Kyiv Oblast is characteristic of the Polesia area and other neighboring forested areas. The oblast has a moderately continental climate with relatively mild winters and warm summers. The temperatures range from Template:Convert in January to Template:Convert degrees in July{{ safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= Template:Fix }}.

VegetationEdit

Kyiv Oblast has small mountains and slopes on the right bank of the Dnieper River. This entire area is surrounded by a continuous belt by greenery and forests. The oblast's "green area" covers Template:Convert, characterized by 250 different sorts of trees and bushes.

DemographicsEdit

Template:Historical populations

According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, ethnic Ukrainians accounted for 92.5% of the population of Kyiv Oblast, and ethnic Russians for 6.0%.<ref>Template:In lang Етнічний склад населення України, 2001 рік</ref><ref>Банк даних, перепис 2001 року</ref>

The current estimated population (excluding Kyiv) is around 1.72 million (as of 2013). The population density is 63.01/km2.

The urban population, according to the 2001 Ukrainian Census data, accounted for 1,053,500 people, or 57.6%, and the rural population – for 774,400 people, or 42.4%.<ref>Ukrcensus.gov.ua – Kyiv region Template:Webarchive URL accessed on November 26, 2006</ref>

According to the data, the number of men accounted for 845,900 people, or 46.3%, that of women – 982,000 people, or 53.7%.

LanguageEdit

Template:See also

File:UkraineNativeLanguagesCensus2001detailed-en.png
According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, Ukrainian was the native language for over 92% of Kyiv Oblast's population: it was the dominant language in all of the city, town, and village councils of the oblast.

Due to the Russification of Ukraine during the Soviet era, the share of Ukrainian speakers in the population of Kyiv Oblast gradually decreased, while the share of Russian speakers increased.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Native language of the population of Kyiv Oblast according to the results of population censuses:<ref>Итоги Всесоюзной переписи населения 1959 года: Украинская ССР, стр. 168—193</ref><ref>Численность и состав населения СССР: по данным Всесоюзной переписи населения 1979 года. Центральное статистическое управление СССР, 1984</ref><ref>Чорний С. Національний склад населення України в ХХ сторіччі (2001)</ref><ref>Итоги Всесоюзной переписи населения 1970 года. Том IV — М., Статистика, 1973</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

1959 1970 1989 2001
Ukrainian 92.5% 91.9% 88.4% 92.3%
Russian 6.5% 7.5% 10.9% 7.2%
Other 1.0% 0.6% 0.7% 0.5%

Native language of the population of the raions, cities and city councils of Kyiv Oblast according to the 2001 Ukrainian census:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Ukrainian Russian
Kyiv Oblast 92.3% 7.2%
City of Bila Tserkva 86.6% 12.3%
City of Berezan 92.1% 7.5%
Boryspil (city council) 88.4% 11.1%
City of Brovary 86.4% 12.9%
City of Vasylkiv 87.3% 12.2%
Irpin (city council) 87.8% 11.6%
City of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi 95.9% 3.6%
City of Fastiv 90.8% 8.6%
City of Rzhyshchiv 95.1% 4.3%
City of Slavutych 55.4% 42.6%
Baryshivka Raion 96.5% 3.0%
Bila Tserkva Raion
(in pre-2020 borders)
95.7% 4.0%
Bohuslav Raion 97.6% 2.2%
Boryspil Raion
(in pre-2020 borders)
95.7% 3.8%
Borodianka Raion 94.7% 4.8%
Brovary Raion
(in pre-2020 borders)
96.9% 2.8%
Vasylkiv Raion 95.4% 4.2%
Volodarka Raion 97.8% 1.9%
Vyshhorod Raion
(in pre-2020 borders)
90.3% 9.3%
Zghurivka Raion 97.0% 2.3%
Ivankiv Raion 96.5% 3.1%
Kaharlyk Raion 97.0% 2.7%
Kyiv-Sviatoshyn Raion 91.4% 8.1%
Makariv Raion 95.7% 3.8%
Myronivka Raion 96.7% 3.0%
Obukhiv Raion
(in pre-2020 borders)
87.3% 12.2%
Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi Raion 97.1% 2.6%
Poliske Raion 97.2% 2.2%
Rokytne Raion 98.0% 1.8%
Skvyra Raion 97.4% 1.9%
Stavyshche Raion 98.3% 1.4%
Tarashcha Raion 97.9% 1.7%
Tetiiv Raion 98.2% 1.5%
Fastiv Raion
(in pre-2020 borders)
96.2% 3.3%
Yahotyn Raion 96.1% 3.5%

Ukrainian is the only official language on the whole territory of Kyiv Oblast.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

According to a poll conducted by Rating from 16 November to 10 December 2018 as part of the project «Portraits of Regions», 68% of the residents of Kyiv Oblast believed that the Ukrainian language should be the only state language on the entire territory of Ukraine. 9% believed that Ukrainian should be the only state language, while Russian should be the second official language in some regions of the country. 19% believed that Russian should become the second state language of the country. 4% found it difficult to answer.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On 21 March 2023, Kyiv Oblast Council approved the «Programme for the Development and Functioning of the Ukrainian Language as the State Language in All Spheres of Public Life in the Kyiv Oblast for 2023—2025», the main objectives of which are to strengthen the positions of the Ukrainian language in various spheres of public life in the oblast and to Ukrainianize the refugees from other regions of Ukraine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

According to the research of the Content Analysis Centre, conducted from 15 August to 15 September 2024, the topic of which was the ratio of Ukrainian and Russian languages in the Ukrainian segment of social media, 87.2% of posts from Kyiv Oblast were written in Ukrainian (83.6% in 2023, 75.9% in 2022, 29.3% in 2020), while 12.8% were written in Russian (16.4% in 2023, 24.1% in 2022, 70.7% in 2020).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

After Ukraine declared independence in 1991, Kyiv Oblast, as well as Ukraine as a whole, experienced a gradual Ukrainization of the education system, which had been Russified<ref>Barbara A. Anderson and Brian D. Silver, "Equality, Efficiency, and Politics in Soviet Bilingual Education Policy, 1934-1980," American Political Science Review 78 (December 1984): 1019-1039.</ref> during the Soviet era. Dynamics of the ratio of the languages of instruction in general secondary education institutions in Kyiv Oblast:<ref>«Статистичний щорічник України за 1998 рік» — К., 1999. {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} — {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} — {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Language of instruction,
% of pupils
1991—
1992
1992—
1993
1993—
1994
1994—
1995
1995—
1996
2000—
2001
2005—
2006
2007—
2008
2010—
2011
2012—
2013
2015—
2016
2018—
2019
2021—
2022
2022—
2023
Ukrainian 84.6% 86.7% 89.7% 91.1% 92.0% 97.0% 99.0% 99.0% 99.0% 99.0% 99.4% 99.7% 99.95% 100.0%
Russian 15.4% 13.3% 10.3% 8.9% 8.0% 3.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.6% 0.3% 0.05%

According to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, in the 2023—2024 school year, all 237,624 pupils in general secondary education institutions in Kyiv Oblast were studying in classes where Ukrainian was the language of instruction.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} — {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Age structureEdit

0–14 years: 14.9% Template:Increase (male 132,559/female 123,816)
15–64 years: 69.8% Template:Decrease (male 576,559/female 621,753)
65 years and over: 15.3% Template:Decrease (male 84,026/female 177,360) (2013 official)

Median ageEdit

total: 39.7 years Template:Steady
male: 36.3 years Template:Steady
female: 43.0 years Template:Decrease (2013 official)

Age structure of Kyiv CityEdit

0–14 years: 14.1% Template:Increase (male 203,453/female 192,111)
15–64 years: 73.3% Template:Decrease (male 962,391/female 1,093,183)
65 years and over: 12.6% Template:Increase (male 129,293/female 223,285) (2013 official)

Median age of Kyiv CityEdit

total: 37.6 years Template:Increase
male: 35.4 years Template:Increase
female: 39.9 years Template:Increase (2013 official)

Points of interestEdit

The following historic-cultural sites were nominated for the Seven Wonders of Ukraine.

Administrative divisionsEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} The oblast is divided into 7 raions, which are further divided into 69 hromadas.

Flag Coat

of

arms

Name Ukrainian Name Administrative center Area
(km2)
Population
estimate 2021<ref>"Чисельність наявного населення України (Actual population of Ukraine) Template:Webarchive" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Retrieved 11 July 2021.</ref>
File:Flag of Bilotserkivskyi Raion.gif File:Coat of arms of Bilotserkivskyi Raion.png Bila Tserkva Raion Білоцерківський район Bila Tserkva 6,514.8 436,115
File:Borispilskiy rayon prapor.png File:Borispilskiy rayon gerb.png Boryspil Raion Бориспільський район Boryspil 3,873.2 203,273
File:Brovarskiy rayon prapor.png File:Brovarskiy rayon gerb.png Brovary Raion Броварський район Brovary 2,881.9 242,180
Bucha Raion Бучанський район Bucha 2,558.3 362,382
File:Fastivskiy rayon prapor.png File:Fastivskiy rayon gerb.png Fastiv Raion Фастівський район Fastiv 1,761.2 183,794
File:Flag of Obukhiv Raion.svg File:Coat of Arms of Obukhiv Raion.svg Obukhiv Raion Обухівський район Obukhiv 3,639.1 228,829
File:Flag of Vyshhorod Raion, Kyiv Oblast.svg File:Вишгородський район-герб.png Vyshhorod Raion Вишгородський район Vyshhorod 4,333.0<ref>Vyshhorod Raion Template:Webarchive. vysh.gov.ua</ref> 131,957
File:Flag of Kyiv Oblast.svg File:Herb Kyivskoi oblasti 1.svg Total Oblast Київська область Kyiv 28,131 1,788,530

Before the July 2020 reform, the oblast was subdivided into 25 raions (administrative districts). It consisted of 26 cities, 30 towns, and more than 1,000 villages.

The following data incorporates the number of each type of administrative divisions of Kyiv Oblast:<ref name="KyivRegionStatistics07">Statistical Yearbook of Kyiv Region for 2007, Main Department of Statistics in Kyiv Region, 2008</ref>

  • Administrative Center – 1 (Kyiv);
  • Raions – 25;
  • Settlements – 1183, including:
    • Villages – 1127;
    • Cities/Towns – 56, including:
      • Urban-type settlements – 30;
      • Cities – 25, including:
        • Cities of oblast subordinance – 13;
        • Cities of raion subordinance – 14;
  • Rural councils – 605.


As with other oblasts of Ukraine, the head of the Kyiv Oblast State Administration (governor) is appointed by the President of Ukraine and subordinated to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. Local self-government body is the popularly elected Kyiv Oblast Rada, chaired by a Speaker (elected from among the councilors).

The "exclaves"Edit

The municipality of Slavutych is within the borders of the neighboring Chernihiv Oblast on the eastern bank of the Dnieper river and the municipality has no common border with the Kyiv Oblast. Still, Slavutych is administered by the Kyiv Oblast authorities (being a kind of administrative exclave).

Similarly, the town of Kotsiubynske, which is within the borders of Kyiv city (which is surrounded by the Kyiv Oblast), is administered by the Kotsiubynske Settlement Council.

Chernobyl zoneEdit

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The north-western end of the oblast is a part of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone due to the radioactive contamination caused by the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident. The largest cities within zone are Chernobyl and Prypiat, which are now abandoned. The city of Slavutych was built outside of the zone to host evacuated residents of Prypyat and personnel of the zone installations.

Important cities and townsEdit

Important cities and towns of Kyiv Oblast include:

Biggest settlements (population in thousands)

GovernorsEdit

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  1. Ivan Kapshtyk — as Presidential representative in Kyiv Oblast — 24 March 1992 — June 1994
  2. Vasyl Sinko — 19 July 1995 — 21 September 1996
  3. Anatoliy Zasukha — 22 September 1996 — 19 January 2005
  4. Yevhen Zhovtyak — 4 February 2005 — 24 May 2006
    1. acting Valeriy Kondruk — 24 May — 16 June 2006
  5. Vira Ulianchenko — 16 June 2006 — 20 May 2009
    1. acting Viktor Vakarsh — 20 May — 17 September 2009
  6. Viktor Vakarsh — 17 September 2009 — 18 March 2010
  7. Anatoliy Prysyazhnyuk — 18 March 2010 — 2 March 2014
  8. Volodymyr Shandra — 2 March 2014 — 3 February 2016<ref name="Shandrarkg C">Template:In lang Maksym Melnychuk Poroshenko appointed Head of Kyiv Regional State Administration Template:Webarchive, hromadske.tv (3 February 2016)
    Poroshenko sees direct elections of regional administration heads as threat to Ukraine's federalization Template:Webarchive, Interfax-Ukraine (3 February 2016)</ref>
  9. Maksym Melnychuk — 3 February — 9 September 2016<ref name="Shandrarkg C" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  1. Oleksandr Horhan — 28 October 2016 — 30 October 2018
  2. Oleksandr Tereshchuk — 30 October 2018 — 11 June 2019
    1. interim acting Vyacheslav Kucher — 11 June 2019 — 9 July 2019
  3. Mykhailo Bno-Airiyan — з 10 July 2019 — 28 October 2019
  4. Oleksiy Chernyshov — 28 October 2019 — 4 March 2020
  5. Vasyl Volodin — 11 March 2020 — 8 February 2022
  6. Oleksiy Kuleba — 8 February 2022 — 15 March 2022<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  1. Oleksandr Pavlyuk — 15 March — 21 May 2022
  2. Oleksiy Kuleba — 21 May 2022 — 24 January 2023
    1. interim acting Dmytro Nazarenko — 25 January 2023 — 10 April 2023

EconomyEdit

IndustryEdit

Kyiv Oblast's main industry's include: power production, food, chemical and petrochemical industries, mechanical engineering and metal-working. The national share of tire production for automobiles constitutes – 63%, excavators – 53%, paper and cardboard – 40%, hoisting cranes – 39%. In general, the oblast has 330 licensed industrial enterprises and 742 smaller industrial enterprises.<ref name="CMU">Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine – Kyiv Region Template:Webarchive URL accessed on November 26, 2006</ref> The Boryspil Bus Plant in Prolisky produces 1,700 buses per year of various modifications, and several other auto-industry factories are also located in the oblast'.

AgricultureEdit

In addition to industry, the oblast also has a developed agriculture production. In 1999, the gross grain yield in the region was about 1,118,600 tons, sugar-beets – 1,570,900 tons, sunflower seeds – 18,1 thousand tons, potatoes – 669,200 tons. The region also produced 156,900 tons of meat, 738,500 tons of milk and 855,2 million eggs. At the beginning of 1999, there were 1,130 registered farms within the oblast.<ref name="CMU" />

TransportationEdit

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File:Kyjob.gif
Simplified map of the major railway lines in Kyiv Oblast.

Kyiv Oblast has a highly developed rail transport system. The total length of the oblast's working railway lines is 88 km (as of 1985). Through the territory of the oblast pass the: Moscow—Kyiv—Lviv, Kyiv—DniproDonetsk and other railway routes. In addition to inter-Ukraine and international rail routes, local Elektrychka lines also pass through the oblast: Kyiv—Fastiv—Koziatyn, Kyiv—Fastiv—Myronivka, Kyiv—Teteriv, Kyiv—Nizhyn, and Kyiv—Yahotyn.

The length of the oblast's roads totals 7,760 km, including 7,489 km of paved roads. The main roads passing thorough the oblast include:

  • Saint Petersburg—Kyiv—Odesa (M-01/M-05 route)
  • Kyiv-Kovel-Lublin (M-07 route)
  • VoronezhKharkiv-Kyiv-Lviv-Kraków (E-40, M-06/M03 route)
  • Luhansk-Dnipro-Kyiv (M-04 route)<ref>Київська область: Карта автошляхів. – К.: ДНВП "Картографія", 2006</ref><ref>Україна: Карта автомобільних шляхів. – К.: Укрегеодезкартографія, 1993.</ref>

The oblast's main airports include two international airports: the Boryspil Airport and the Hostomel (Antonov) Cargo Airport. Ukrainian military airbases are located in the cities of Bila Tserkva and Uzyn.

Strategic gas-pipelines in the oblast include Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline, and ShebelynkaPoltava—Kyiv.

EducationEdit

Kyiv Oblast has 795 state-run schools of general education, 219 (27.5%) of which are situated in urban areas and 576 (72.5%) of which – in rural areas.<ref name="KRSA_education">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> These schools are attended by 232,260 students, 141,416 (60.6%) which attend urban schools, and 98,944 (39.4%) which attend rural area schools.<ref name="KRSA_education" /> In addition, there are 12 evening schools with an enrollment of over 6,000 students, 15 private institutions teaching about 7,000 students, 23 vocational schools teaching over 14,300 students, 22 higher schools with an enrollment of over 34,900 students), and 52 home-school institutions containing over 48,700 children.<ref name="KRSA_education" /> There are also 756 institutions of pre-school education attended by a total of 44,400 children, 52 home-school institutions, 22 vocational institutions, having an enrollment of 17,300 students.<ref name="KRSA_education" />

File:Borispil aerea.jpg
Aerial view of Boryspil, home of the Boryspil Airport from an airplane.

Also, educational institutions for orphans, physically and mentally disabled children represent an important component of Kyiv Oblast's educational system.

In addition to general education schools, the oblast has educational institutions specifically for gifted children, including:

  • Fastiv Regional Natural and Mathematic School
  • Kyiv Regional Lyceum of Physical Education and Sports
  • Stritiv Higher Pedagogical School of Kobza Music
  • Brovary Higher School of Physical Education (training ground for several world- and Olympic champions).

NomenclatureEdit

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Most of Ukraine's oblasts are named after their capital cities, officially referred to as "oblast centers". The name of each oblast is a relative adjective, formed by adding a feminine suffix to the name of respective center city: Kyiv (in transliterated Ukrainian) is the center of the Kyivs’ka oblast' (Kyiv Oblast). Most oblasts are also sometimes referred to in a feminine noun form, following the convention of traditional regional place names, ending with the suffix "-shchyna", as is the case with the Kyiv Oblast, Kyivshchyna.

NotesEdit

Template:Refbegin a. Template:Note label These neighboring settlements are practically merged into a conurbation Template:Refend

GalleryEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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Template:Kyiv Oblast Template:Administrative divisions of Ukraine Template:Authority control

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