Voiced labial–velar approximant

The voiced labial–velar approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in certain spoken languages, including English. It is the sound denoted by the letter Template:Angbr in the English alphabet;<ref>Template:Citation; see the examples on the fifth page.</ref> likewise, the symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA, or rarely {{#invoke:IPA|main}}, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is w. In most languages it is the semivocalic counterpart of the close back rounded vowel {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. In inventory charts of languages with other labialized velar consonants, {{#invoke:IPA|main}} will be placed in the same column as those consonants. When consonant charts have only labial and velar columns, {{#invoke:IPA|main}} may be placed in the velar column, (bi)labial column, or both. The placement may have more to do with phonological criteria than phonetic ones.Template:Sfnp

Some languages have a voiced labial–prevelar approximant,Template:Efn which is more fronted than the place of articulation of the prototypical voiced labialized velar approximant, though not as front as the prototypical labialized palatal approximant.

Features

Features of the voiced labial–velar approximant:

Template:Approximant The type of approximant is glide or semivowel. The term glide emphasizes the characteristic of movement (or 'glide') of {{#invoke:IPA|main}} from the {{#invoke:IPA|main}} vowel position to a following vowel position. The term semivowel emphasizes that, although the sound is vocalic in nature, it is not 'syllabic' (it does not form the nucleus of a syllable). Template:Labiovelar Some languages, such as Japanese and perhaps the Northern Iroquoian languages, have a sound typically transcribed as {{#invoke:IPA|main}} where the lips are compressed (or at least not rounded), which is a true labial–velar (as opposed to labialized velar) consonant. Close transcriptions may avoid the symbol {{#invoke:IPA|main}} in such cases, or may use the under-rounding diacritic, {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. Template:Voiced Template:Oral Template:Central articulation Template:Pulmonic

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Abkhaz		ауаҩы/awawë	main}}	'human'	See Abkhaz phonology
Alemannic	Bernese German	lang}}	main}}	'boy'	Allophone of Template:IPAblink
Arabic	Modern StandardTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}/ward	main}}	'rose'	See Arabic phonology
Assamese		ৱাশ্বিংটন/Wašińton	main}}	'Washington'
Basque		lang}}	main}}	'four'
Belarusian		lang}}/voŭk	main}}	'wolf'	See Belarusian phonology
Bengali		lang}}/wada	main}}	'promise'	Fortitional allophone of the semivowels Template:IPAblink and Template:IPAblink, especially in loan words. See Bengali phonology
Berber		lang}}/äwäl	main}}	'speech'
Breton		lang}}	main}}	'nine'
Bulgarian	Colloquial	{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}/lopata	{{#invoke:IPA|main}}	'shovel'	Contemporary pronunciation of /Template:IPAlink/, an ongoing sound change. See Bulgarian phonology.
	Pernik dialects				This dialect has a long-standing tradition of pronouncing /ɫ/ as /w/, similar to the Polish language. Independent of the similar sound change happening in the standard language.
	Standard Bulgarian	lang}}/uiski	main}}	'whiskey'	Appears in borrowings. See Bulgarian phonology
CatalanTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'fourth'	main}} and {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Catalan phonology
Chinese	Cantonese	lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'dig'	See Cantonese phonology
	Mandarin	lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA		See Mandarin phonology
Danish		lang}}	main}}	'ocean'	Allophone of Template:IPAblink
Dutch	Colloquial	lang}}	main}}	'cold'	main}} after {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Dutch phonology
	Standard Surinamese	lang}}	main}}	'cub'	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Corresponds to Template:IPAblink in most of the Netherlands and to Template:IPAblink in Belgium and (southern) parts of the Netherlands. See Dutch phonology
English		lang}}	main}}	'weep'	See English phonology
FrenchTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'yes'	See French phonology
German		lang}}	main}}	'source'	Some regions Template:Citation needed
HawaiianTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'fast'	main}}. See Hawaiian phonology
Hebrew	Mizrahi	lang}}/kowaḥ	main}}	'power'	See Modern Hebrew phonology
HindustaniTemplate:Sfnp	Hindi	lang}}	{{#invoke:IPA|main}}	'believe'	See Hindustani phonology
	Urdu	lang}}
Irish		lang}}	main}}	'vote'	See Irish phonology
ItalianTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'man'	See Italian phonology
Kabardian		lang}}/wa	Template:Audio-IPA	'you'
Kazakh		lang}}/awa	[awa]	'air'
Korean		lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'heron'	See Korean phonology
Lao		lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'sweet'	See Lao phonology
LuxembourgishTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'two'	main}} after {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.Template:Sfnp See Luxembourgish phonology
Malay		lang}}	main}}	'money'
Malayalam		ഉവ്വ/uvva	main}}	'Yes'	/ʋ/ around rounded vowels for some speakers.
Mayan	Yucatec	witz	main}}	'mountain'
Mongol		гавал/ᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠ	main}}	'skull'
Nepali		lang}}	main}}	'wind'	See Nepali phonology
OdiaTemplate:Sfnp		ଅଗ୍ରୱାଲ୍/ogrowal	main}}	'Agrawal'
Pashto		lang}}/war	main}}	'one time'
Persian	Dari	lang}}/warziš	main}}	'sport'	may approach /ʋ/ in some regional dialects.
	Iranian Persian	lang}}/now	main}}	'new'	Only as a diphthong or colloquially.
PolishTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'grace'	See Polish phonology. Corresponds to {{#invoke:IPA|main}} in older pronunciation and eastern dialects
PortugueseTemplate:Sfnp	Most dialects	lang}}	main}}	'when'	Post-lexically after Template:IPAslink and Template:IPAslink. See Portuguese phonology
		lang}}	main}}	'good' (f.)	Epenthetic glide or allophone of Template:IPAslink, following a stressed rounded vowel and preceding an unrounded one.Template:Sfnp
	General Brazilian	lang}}	main}}	'which'	Allophone of Template:IPAslink in coda position for most Brazilian dialects.Template:Sfnp
Romanian		lang}}	main}}	'mastiff'	See Romanian phonology
Russian		lang}}/volk	main}}	'wolf'	Southern dialects.
Serbo-Croatian	CroatianTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'wolf'	main}} before {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.Template:Sfnp See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Seri		lang}}	main}}	'person'	main}}
SloveneTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'church'	main}} in the syllable coda.Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp Voiceless Template:IPAblink before voiceless consonants. See Slovene phonology
Sotho		sewa	main}}	'epidemic'	See Sesotho phonology
Svan		კუ̂ენ/k'wen	main}}	'marten'
SpanishTemplate:Sfnp		lang}}	main}}	'as much'	See Spanish phonology
Swahili		lang}}	main}}	'student'
Swedish	Central StandardTemplate:Sfnp				main}} in casual speech before the protruded vowels {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Swedish phonology
Tagalog		araw	main}}	'day'	See Tagalog phonology
Thai		lang}}/waen	main}}	'ring'	See Thai phonology
VietnameseTemplate:Sfnp	Standard	lang}}	main}}	'to delegate'	See Vietnamese phonology
	Southern	lang}}	main}}	'hometown'
Ukrainian		любов/lübov	[lʲubɔw]	'love'	See Ukrainian phonology
Welsh		lang}}	main}}	'woe'	See Welsh phonology
West Frisian		lang}}	main}}	'to shove'

See also

• Voiceless labial–velar approximant
• Nasal labial–velar approximant

References

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External links

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