Voiced labiodental approximant

The voiced labiodental approximant is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is something between an English /w/ and /v/, pronounced with the teeth and lips held in the position used to articulate the letter V. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA, a letter v with a leftward hook protruding from the upper right of the letter, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is P or v\. With an advanced diacritic, Template:Angbr IPA, this letter also indicates a bilabial approximant, though the diacritic is frequently omitted because no contrast is likely.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite thesis</ref>Template:Failed verification

The labiodental approximant is the typical realization of {{#invoke:IPA|main}} in the Indian South African variety of English. As the voiceless {{#invoke:IPA|main}} is also realized as an approximant (Template:IPAblink), it is also an example of a language contrasting voiceless and voiced labiodental approximants.<ref name="mesthrie">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>

Features

Features of the voiced labiodental approximant:

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Äiwoo		lang}}	main}}	'garden land'<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Armenian	Eastern<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	ոսկի	main}}	'gold'
Assyrian		lang}} / hawa	main}}]	'wind'	Predominant in the Urmia dialects. For some speakers, Template:IPAblink is used. Corresponds to Template:IPAblink in the other varieties.
Catalan	Balearic	{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	{{#invoke:IPA|main}}	'bean'	Allophone of {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.<ref name="saborit"/> See Catalan phonology
	Valencian<ref name="saborit">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>
Chinese	Mandarin	為 为 / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	[we̞i] {{#invoke:IPA|main}}	'for'	main}} in other varieties.
Chuvash		аван	[aʋ'an]	'good, well'	main}} in other varieties.
Dhivehi		ވަޅު / valhu	[ʋaɭu]	'well' (noun)
Danish	Standard<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	lang}}	main}}	'know(s)'	Also described as a short plosive Template:IPAblink; rarely realized as a fricative Template:IPAblink instead.<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> See Danish phonology
Dutch	Standard	lang}}	main}}	'cheek'	In southern dialects of the Netherlands realised as bilabial Template:IPAblink. See Dutch phonology
English	Indian<ref name="mesthrie"/>	vine	{{#invoke:IPA|main}}	'vine'	Corresponds to a fricative Template:IPAblink in other accents.
	Some speakers	rine		'rine'	Mostly idiosyncratic but somewhat dialectal<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> (especially in London and South East England). See English phonology and R-labialization
Faroese<ref name="arn115">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'speech'	main}}. In the first case, it is in a free variation with a fricative Template:IPAblink.<ref name="arn115"/> See Faroese phonology
Finnish		lang}}	main}}	'baby'	See Finnish phonology
German	Swiss	lang}}	main}}	'what'	main}} in Standard German<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Guaraní		lang}}	main}}	'Guaraní language'	main}} and {{#invoke:IPA|main}}
Hawaiian		lang}}	main}}	'fast'	main}} or {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Hawaiian phonology
Hindustani	Hindi	lang}}	{{#invoke:IPA|main}}	(the) 'one'	Also an allophone of /v/ and {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. See Hindustani phonology.
	Urdu	lang}}
Italian	Some speakersTemplate:Sfnp	lang}}	main}}	'rare'	Rendition alternative to the standard Italian alveolar trill Template:IPAblink, due to individual orthoepic defects and/or regional variations that make the alternative sound more prevalent, notably in South Tyrol (among the Italian-speaking minority), Val d'Aosta (bordering with France) and in parts of the Parma province, more markedly around Fidenza. Other alternative sounds may be a uvular trill Template:IPAblink or a voiced uvular fricative Template:IPAblink.Template:Sfnp See Italian phonology.
Lao		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'hand fan'	May also be realized as [w]. See Lao phonology.
Khmer		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'weapon'	See Khmer phonology
Marathi		lang}}	main}}	'weight'	See Marathi phonology
Miyako<ref>Template:Cite speech</ref>		{{#invoke:IPA|main}}		'thick'	May be syllabic.
Norwegian	Urban East<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref name="van41">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	lang}}	main}}	'friend'	Sometimes realized as a fricative Template:IPAblink.<ref name="van41"/><ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> See Norwegian phonology
Nsenga		lang}}	main}}	'people'
Punjabi	Gurmukhi	ਵਾਲ	{{#invoke:IPA|main}}	'hair'	Also an allophone of /v/ and /w/.
	Shahmukhi	Template:Nq
Russian<ref name="yb">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'hair'	main}}; contrasts with palatalized form.<ref name="yb"/> See Russian phonology
Serbo-Croatian		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	main}}	'cricket'	main}} is a phonetic fricative, although it has less frication than {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. However, it does not interact with unvoiced consonants in clusters as a fricative would, and so is considered to be phonologically a sonorant (approximant).<ref name=Moren>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref name=Brown>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Shona		lang}}	main}}	'people'	main}} and {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.
Sinhala		lang}}	main}}	'water'
Slovak<ref name="hh374">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'water'	main}}.<ref name="hh374"/> See Slovak phonology
Slovene<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'wind'	Also described as fricative Template:IPAblink.<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref><ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref> See Slovene phonology
Spanish<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>	Chilean	lang}}	main}}	'to speak'	Allophone of /b/. See Spanish phonology
Swedish	Some speakers	lang}}	main}}	'friend'	See Swedish phonology
Tamil		lang}}	main}}	'mouth'	See Tamil phonology
Telugu		lang}}	main}}	'net'
Ukrainian<ref name="zk">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'he'	main}}, most commonly before {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.<ref name="zk"/> See Ukrainian phonology
West Frisian		lang}}	main}}	'where'	See West Frisian phonology

See also

• List of phonetics topics
• R-labialization
• Rhotacism (speech impediment): pronouncing Template:Angbr as {{#invoke:IPA|main}}

Bibliography

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External links

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