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CASA C-212 Aviocar

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The CASA C-212 Aviocar is a turboprop-powered STOL medium cargo aircraft designed and built by Spanish aircraft manufacturer Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA (CASA). It is designed for use by both civil and military operators.

The C-212 was developed during the 1960s in response to the Spanish Air Force's need to replace much of its transport aircraft fleet; it was designed to perform numerous missions, including air medical services, paratrooper transport, and utility roles. Three years after its maiden flight on 26 March 1971, an order was secured from the Spanish Air Force. Several other customers emerged, initially from the military sector; but interest from civilian airliners also led CASA to develop a dedicated civil version of the C-212. Production of the type at the Seville facility would continue for 40 years, with 485 aircraft produced there.<ref name="c212official"/>

Indonesia emerged as a key early customer for the C-212. In 1975, Indonesian aircraft company IPTN successfully secured the rights to license-produce the aircraft in Bandung, Indonesia. CASA assisted in the establishment of a production line there; by 2000, it had constructed 95 NC-212s. The majority of Indonesian-built aircraft were sold to domestic customers, although some exports were also recorded in the Asian market. In February 2013, it was announced that Airbus (the successor company to CASA) had agreed on terms with PTDI (IPTN's successor) to fully transfer production of the C-212 to Indonesia. For a time, PTDI produced both the NC-212-200 and -400 upgrade. In 2014, PTDI stopped producing the -400 series to focus on the improved NC-212i model.<ref name=":0" />

By December 2012, there were 92 operators of the C-212 around the world.<ref name=AIN1feb2013/> These operators included numerous charter and short-haul aviation companies, as well as various national air services, which commonly used it for transport, surveillance, and search and rescue.<ref name = "allsize airlifter"/> The C-212 has been popular among skydivers and smokejumpers due to a rear ramp arrangement that is uncommon amongst its competitors. In particular, Australian airline Skytraders has used a number of C-212s to support Australian scientific research teams across Antarctica and the Southern Ocean.

DevelopmentEdit

During the late 1960s, the Spanish Air Force operated a number of outdated piston-engine transports, including the three-engine Junkers Ju 52 and two-engine Douglas C-47. Seeking to fulfil the service's transport modernisation needs, Spanish aircraft manufacturer Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA (CASA) developed a proposed aircraft, designated C-212. It was a twin-engine 18-seat transport aircraft capable of performing a variety of military roles, including passenger transport, air medical services, and paratrooper roles, while also being suitable for use by civil operators.<ref name="AI105p32">Simpson Air International January 2005, p. 32.</ref> On 26 March 1971, the first prototype conducted its maiden flight. In 1974, the Spanish Air Force decided to purchase the C-212, which had acquired the name Aviocar, in order to update its fleet.

Several airlines expressed interest in the C-212, particularly in light of its success with military operators; CASA thus decided to pursue development of a dedicated commercial version. In July 1975, the first examples of the civilian version were delivered. In 1997, the improved -400 model was introduced, featuring a glass cockpit and more powerful Honeywell TPE331 engines.<ref name=AIN1feb2013>Template:Cite news</ref> In August 2006, a total of 30 CASA-built C-212s of all variants reportedly remained in airline service with various operators around the world.<ref>Flight International, 3–9 October 2006.</ref>

In July 2010, Airbus Military CEO Domingo Urena-Raso stated that the company could no longer afford to produce the C-212 in Europe.<ref name=AIN1july2011/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Production of the type at Airbus' Seville facility progressively slowed to only four aircraft in two years.<ref name=AIN1feb2013/> In December 2012, the final Spanish-assembled C-212 was delivered to its customer, the Vietnam Coast Guard. By the time the line shut down, it had produced 477 aircraft for 92 operators.<ref name=AIN1feb2013/>

Indonesian productionEdit

File:NC-212 TNI Angkatan Udara. Skadron Udara 4.jpg
Indonesian Air Force NC-212

In 1975, Indonesian aircraft company IPTN successfully negotiated terms with CASA to produce up to 108 C-212s under license in Indonesia.<ref name = "Vértesy 226">Vértesy 2011, p. 226.</ref> Accordingly, IPTN and Nurtanio took part in the manufacture of the aircraft, with assembly taking place at IPTN's facility in Bandung, Indonesia.<ref name=AIN1feb2013/> CASA provided technical assistance to set up the production line, sending a delegation of technicians to Bandung to train local personnel. The relative simplicity of the C-212's design was credited with aiding the process.<ref name = "Vértesy 226"/>

Under the license terms, IPTN was permitted to sell the aircraft throughout the Asian market.<ref name = "Vértesy 226"/> But the majority of Indonesian-made NC-212s were sold to domestic customers; by 1986, only six aircraft had reportedly been exported. By 2000, a total of 95 NC-212s had been produced,<ref name = "Vértesy 226"/> though the type's production had become a secondary priority to other ventures such as the larger CASA/IPTN CN-235.<ref name = "Vértesy 227">Vértesy 2011, p. 227.</ref> IPTN also undertook development of more advanced versions of the aircraft.<ref name = "Vértesy 244">Vértesy 2011, p. 244.</ref> Between 2004 and 2008, all of the jigs and fixtures necessary to produce the NC212-400 were supplied by Airbus and installed at Bandung, enabling Indonesia to become the single-source manufacturer of this model.<ref name=AIN1feb2013/><ref name=":0"/> The licensing agreement was extended in 2006.<ref name = "Vértesy 236">Vértesy 2011, p. 236.</ref>

In July 2011, Airbus announced a strategic agreement to collaborate with PTDI (IPTN's successor) on the C-212.<ref name=AIN1july2011>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Under the agreement, Airbus undertook an 18-month first phase of support to PTDI, after which it was to provide PTDI increasing high-value industrial activity, including C-212 upgrades and production transference. In February 2013, their arrangement was formally extended to transfer production of the C-212 to Indonesia.<ref name=AIN1feb2013/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> For a time, PTDI produced both the NC-212-200 and -400 upgrade, which were equipped with new digital avionics, autopilot, and a redesigned cabin that could accommodate up to 28 passengers.<ref name=AIN1feb2013/> In 2014, PTDI stopped producing the -400 series to focus on the improved NC-212i model.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

DesignEdit

File:CASAC-212Cockpit.jpg
C-212 cockpit, February 2004

The CASA C-212 Aviocar is a turboprop-powered STOL-capable cargo aircraft. Its basic configuration includes a high-mounted wing, box-like fuselage, and conventional tail. The C-212 has been designed to operate in austere environments for extended periods without ground support apparatus.<ref name = "shepard sustain2020"/> Features such as STOL performance and rugged landing gear fitted with low-pressure tyres enables it to operate from unpaved fields and under hot-and-high conditions.<ref name = "shepard sustain2020"/> For greater simplicity, the aircraft's tricycle undercarriage is non-retractable.

The C-212 cabin has a maximum occupancy of 21 to 28 passengers. In a paratroop configuration, up to 24 paratroopers along with one jumpmaster can be accommodated on foldable sidewall seats, while in a mixed configuration, it can transport up to ten soldiers and a single vehicle.<ref name = "shepard sustain2020"/> Since the C-212 does not have a pressurized fuselage, it is limited to relatively low-flight-level airline use (below Template:Convert MSL), and is thus suited for short legs and regional airline services.

Operational historyEdit

File:CASA 212 SOF Operation Toy Drop Week 020.jpg
A paratrooper jumping from a C-212, December 2013

By 2013, 290 C-212s were reported to be flying in 40 countries; Indonesia had the most of the type, operating 70.<ref name="Helfrich 2018">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It has seen especially wide employment as a commuter airliner and a military aircraft, with operators including numerous charter and short-haul aviation companies, as well as several national air forces. The C-212 is commonly used in transport, surveillance, and search and rescue roles.<ref name = "allsize airlifter">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The C-212 has also been used by the U.S. Army Special Operations Command, where it operates under the designation C-41A and is commonly used for troop infiltration and exfiltration, supply drops, and airborne operations.<ref name="Pike 2018">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In August 2010, Airbus Military received a contract for the sustainment and modernisation of five C-212-200s operated by the U.S. Army Special Operations Aviation Command (USASOAC).<ref name = "shepard sustain2020">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Additional aircraft were both owned and operated by private military contractor Blackwater; these were active during both the Iraq War and War in Afghanistan, typically to conduct supply drops to US ground forces in remote areas there. During the conflict, the planes were piloted by former pilots from the 160th "Night Stalkers" Special Operations Regiment.<ref name="BlackwaterBook">Template:Cite book</ref>

One particularly ambitious use of the C-212 was undertaken by Australian airline Skytraders, which has used its fleet to support Australia’s scientific research assets across Antarctica and the Southern Ocean.<ref name = "allsize airlifter"/> Various operators have elected to operate their aircraft out of inhospitable terrain, such as desert and jungles.<ref name = "shepard sustain2020"/> The C-212's uncommon rear ramp arrangement is a unique selling point amongst competitors,<ref name=AIN1july2011/> and it has been a popular aircraft for skydivers and smokejumpers.<ref name="Skydive Paraclete XP">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Chaney 2015">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

VariantsEdit

100 SeriesEdit

File:C-212-100ECM Portugal.jpg
Electronic-countermeasure- equipped C-212-200 of the Portuguese Air Force, late 1980s
File:Lloyd Aviation CASA 212 PER Wheatley.jpg
Lloyd Aviation C-212 at Perth Airport, early 1990s
C-212A
Original military production version. Also known as C-212-5, C-212-5 series 100M, and by the Spanish Air Force as the T-12B and D-3A (for medevac aircraft), 129 built.
C-212AV
VIP transport version, T-12C.
C-212B
Six pre-production C-212As converted for photo-reconnaissance missions, TR-12A.
C-212C
Original civil version.
C-212D
Two pre-production C-212As converted for use as navigational trainers, TE-12B.
NC-212-100
Manufactured under licence in Indonesia since 1976. IPTN produced 28 NC-212-100s before switching to NC-212-200s.

200 SeriesEdit

File:CASA 212 N160FB Northwest Airlink.jpg
Northwest Airlink CASA C-212-200 operating a scheduled flight in Flint, Michigan, April 1986
File:Skytraders (VH-VHA) CASA C-212-400 Aviocar at Sydney Airport.jpg
Skytraders ski-equipped CASA 212–400, used by the Australian Antarctic Division

Stretched version with updated engines (Honeywell TPE331-10R-511C or −512C, rated at 900 shp (671 kW) each), introduced in 1979. The CASA C-212-200 is also a popular skydiving aircraft, known for its large capacity, fast climbing, and large tailgate exit ramp.

C-212 series 200M
Military version known as T-12D in the Spanish service and Tp 89 for the Swedish Air Force. Specialised ASW and maritime patrol aircraft have been built from this version.
NC-212-200
C-212-200 built under licence by IPTN.
NC-212-200 MPA
C-212-200 built under licence by IPTN, designed as a Maritime Patrol Aircraft.

300 SeriesEdit

Standard production version from 1987 on. Engines were Honeywell TPE331-10R-513C, also rated at Template:Convert continuous (925 shp maximum). The propellers were changed from four-bladed Hartzell composite blade propellers to four-bladed Dowty-Rotol all-metal propellers. Winglets and a larger vertical stabilizer area provided improved performance, and the addition of a nose baggage compartment gave the nose a more streamlined look than the 200 series. Various systems were incrementally upgraded, including the addition of an integrated autopilot system.

C-212-M series 300 (300M series)
Military version.
C-212 series 300 airliner
26 seat regional airliner.
C-212 series 300 utility
23 seat civil utility version.
C-212 series 300P
Civil utility version with Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-65 engines.

400 SeriesEdit

Upgraded version with Template:Convert TPE331-12JR-701C engines, increased payload, and upgraded avionics moved from under the floor to the nose. First flew 4 April 1997, replacing 300 series in production from 1998.<ref name="JAWA03 p445">Jackson 2003, p. 445.</ref> The C-212-400 received Spanish certification in 1998. Between 2004 and 2008, production jigs and fixtures for the NC-212-400 were relocated to Bandung from San Pablo, Spain, and PTDI became the sole manufacturer of the NC-212 family. In 2014, NC-212-200 and NC-212-400 production ended and production was shifted to the improved NC-212i version.<ref name=":0"/>

NC-212iEdit

Improved version of -400 series, using two Honeywell TPE331-12JR-701C turboprop engines, with a maximum output of Template:Convert. The rotor is the four-bladed Dowty Rotol R334/4-82-F/13 constant speed propeller with a 2.75 m (110-inch) diameter.<ref>NC212i</ref>

File:PAF NC212i 2119.jpg
Philippines Air Force NC-212i

On 3 November 2022, Indonesian Aerospace and MT Propeller signed the General Purchase Agreement (GPA) for the Procurement of five-blades MTV-27 Propellers for the NC-212i Aircraft.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> MTV-27 propellers are produced by MT Propeller, Germany and have been certified by EASA.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

OperatorsEdit

File:CasaC212PNA.jpg
Argentine Coast Guard Aviocar
File:US Army C-212.jpg
USASOAC C-212 conducting static-line parachute operations
File:CASA CN 212-200 N497CA 13.JPG
CASA CN 212-200 used for parachuting by the SkyHawks Parachute Team

Civil operatorsEdit

File:Skydivers casa212.jpg
Skydivers waiting to jump from a CASA C-212, June 2011
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"CASA 212-200 Aircraft Found." Template:Webarchive Vivanews, 30 September 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2012. </ref>

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Military operatorsEdit

File:Aviocar CASA C-212 Operators.png
CASA C-212 military operators

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  • Abu Dhabi Air Force – four delivered 1982<ref name="eastwood">Eastwood 1990, pp. 85–94.</ref>
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  • Royal Jordanian Air Force – four delivered 1975–1976,<ref name="eastwood" /> with two attrition replacement aircraft delivered 1983–84 and a further, surveillance-configured example purchased in 1985.<ref>Jackson 1987, p. 220.</ref> One operational 2015.<ref name="fiwaf15 p41">Hoyle 2015, p. 41.</ref>
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  • Paraguayan Air Force – four C.212-200 delivered 1984 and one C.212–400 delivered in 2003.<ref name="eastwood" /><ref name="fiwaf12 p57">Hoyle 2012, p. 57.</ref> 3 aircraft operational as of December 2021<ref name="WAF22 p26" />
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|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Both of them are operational as of December 2021. <ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> Six more NC-212is were ordered by the PAF on 13 April 2023, totalling eight aircraft.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

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  • Surinam Air Force – two delivered in 1999, one is a C.212-400MPA.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Venda Defence Force<ref name="fiwaf93 p76">Flight International 24–30 November 1993, p. 76.</ref> to South African Air Force.
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Incidents and accidentsEdit

As of September 2011, CASA C-212s have been involved in 71 hull-loss incidents with a total of 558 fatalities.<ref>"Accident statistics for CASA C-212." Template:Webarchive Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved: 21 April 2012.</ref><ref>"List of incidents." Template:Webarchive Aviation Safety Network Database. Retrieved: 21 April 2012.</ref> 1978: On the Azores Island of Terceira an Aviocar crashed into the Santa Barbara Volcano killing all three military personal on board. https://www.baaa-acro.com/crash/crash-casa-212-aviocar-100-terceira-island-3-killed

2 January 1984
A Royal Jordanian Air Force CASA 212-A3 Aviocar 100 crashed near Al Qatrana, Jordan due to mechanical problems. All 13 people on board the plane were killed.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

4 March 1987
Northwest Airlink Flight 2268 crashed while landing at Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport in Romulus, Michigan. Nine of the 19 passengers and crew on board were killed.
8 May 1987
American Eagle Flight 5452 crashed while landing in Puerto Rico, killing two.
2 August 1988
Operated by Geoterrex of Ottawa, Canada, the aircraft crashed on approach to Reykjavik, Iceland with the loss of all 3 people on board. The cause was that "the crew lost control of the aircraft, most probably because of large fluctuations in the power output of the right engine caused by the shift of an incorrectly installed speeder spring in the right propeller governor."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

1 December 1989
A U.S. Army C-212-200 crashed into the Patuxent River while trying to land at the Naval Air Test Center, Patuxent River, Maryland, killing all five people on board.<ref>"ASN Aircraft accident CASA C-212 Aviocar 200 N296CA Patuxent River Naval Air Station, MD." Template:Webarchive Aviation safety Network. Retrieved: 21 April 2012.</ref>
16 January 1990
SANSA Flight 32 crashed into the Cerro Cedral Mountain in Costa Rica shortly after takeoff from Juan Santamaria International Airport in San Jose. All 20 passengers and three crew on board died in the crash.Template:Citation needed
24 January 1990
A Venezuelan Navy C-212 crashed into a mountain due to poor weather, killing all 24 people on board.Template:Citation needed
27 March 1990
An Angolan government C-212 was shot down by UNITA rebels near Cuito, killing all 25 people on board.Template:Citation needed
7 June 1992
American Eagle Flight 5456, a CASA C-212 flying from Fernando Luis Ribas Dominicci Airport in San Juan, Puerto Rico crashed short of the runway in Mayagüez, killing both crew members and all three passengers.<ref>"Accident description, Date: 7 June 1992, Type: CASA C-212 Aviocar 200." Template:Webarchive Aviation safety Network. Retrieved: 21 April 2012.</ref> The investigation led to the discontinuation of use of the C-212 by American Eagle.
8 March 1994
A Spanish Air Force C-212, part of the Ala 37 deployed in Vicenza, Italy, was hit in the tail by an SA-7 missile, allegedly fired by Serb rebels.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> This occurred east of Rijeka while ferrying UNPROFOR personnel from Zagreb to Split. The tail control surfaces were damaged, the left engine failed and four passengers were injured by splinters. The crew managed to land the aircraft at Rijeka Airport. Spanish technicians were able to repair the damage and had the aircraft back in service within 48 hours.<ref>Vinuesa, Arturo. El conflicto de los Balcanes y la seguridad común europea Template:In lang. Editorial Fundamentos, 2002, p. 190. Template:ISBN</ref><ref>Destacamento C-212 en Vicenza / 1993–2002 Template:Webarchive Template:In lang</ref><ref>"Ala 37" Template:Webarchive Template:In lang ejercitodelaire.mde.es. Retrieved: 21 April 2012.</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

27 August 1994
A DEA-operated aircraft (reg. N119CA) crashed into a mountain (or at the end of a box canyon) north of Puerto Pizana in the Amazonian jungle department of San Martín, Peru. The crash occurred while flying from Santa Lucia to Pucallpa in the Huallaga River Valley region, and killed the CASA's five occupants, all DEA Special Agents. The accident reportedly took place under bad weather and low-visibility conditions during a counter-narcotics reconnaissance operation.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The accident precipitated the end of Operation Snowcap, under which the ill-fated flight took place.<ref>Inside Dea: Operation Snowcap, p. 83</ref>

17 June 1995
An Angolan Air Force C-212 carrying members of a local football club crashed while on approach to Catumbela Airport, killing 48 of the 53 people aboard.<ref name="Ranter 1995">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

27 November 2004
"Blackwater 61" Presidential Airways CASA C-212-200 (registration N960BW / serial number 231) was contracted by the U.S. Department of Defense to supply American forces deployed in remote areas of Afghanistan. The aircraft entered a box canyon and struck the Template:Convert level of Baba Mountain, which has a peak elevation of Template:Convert. The flight was about Template:Cvt north of the typical route between Bagram and Farah.<ref>"The Flight and Crash of "Blackwater 61." CBS News 60 Minutes. Retrieved: 21 April 2012.</ref><ref>"Blackwater 61 – Cockpit Voice Recording Template:Webarchive aviation.military. Retrieved: 21 April 2012.</ref><ref>"United States District Court Middle District of Florida Division Case No. 6:05-cv-1002-ORL-28-JGG." Template:Webarchive Sourcewatch.</ref><ref>

Anderson, Rick. "Welcome Aboard Blackwater Airlines." Template:Webarchive Seattle Weekly News, 14 November 2007. Retrieved 21 April 2012. </ref>

22 February 2005
An Indonesian National Police C-212 experienced engine trouble during landing, causing it to crash into the sea. Of the 18 police officers on board, 15 were killed.
26 October 2006
Swedish Coast Guard CASA C-212-200 (registration SE-IVF / serial number KBV 585) crashed in the Falsterbo Canal during a surveillance mission, killing all four on board.<ref>"Press release." Template:Webarchive Swedish Coast Guard. Retrieved: 21 April 2012.</ref><ref>"Accident description, October 26, 2006." Template:Webarchive Aviation Safety Network Database. Retrieved: 21 April 2012.</ref> Eyewitness accounts suggested the accident was caused by the right wing somehow detaching.<ref>"Four dead after coastguard plane crash." Template:Webarchive The Local, 26 October 2006.</ref> The Swedish Accident Investigation Board's preliminary report suggested that the wing detached due to a fatigue crack which had developed in its load-bearing structure.<ref>"Statens Haverikommission." Template:Webarchive Swedish Accident Investigation Board. Retrieved: 21 April 2012.</ref>

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15 November 2006
Mexican Navy CASA 212-200 Maritime Patrol (serial number AMP-114) crashed in the sea on the Campeche coast over the Gulf of Mexico during a surveillance mission. All crew members survived; the cause of the accident is still unknown.<ref name="semar.gob.mx">"SEMAR aircraft crashed in Mexican Gulf" Template:In lang. Template:Webarchive SEMAR. Retrieved: 21 April 2012.</ref>
26 June 2008
Indonesian Military CASA C-212 was flying from the Jakarta to Bogor, carrying 12 military personnel and six civilians, and was due to test a digital mapping camera, but it disappeared in the Salak Mountain region, about Template:Convert south of the capital. An air force spokesman said the aircraft was assumed to have crashed.<ref>"Plane goes missing over Indonesia." Template:Webarchive BBC, 27 June 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2012.</ref>
9 October 2009
Uruguayan Air Force CASA C-212 FAU-531,<ref name=Planecrash>"Recent accidents." Template:Webarchive Planecrashinfo. Retrieved: 10 October 2009.</ref> operated as part of the U.N. Stabilization Mission in Haiti, crashed west of Fonds-Verettes, killing all 11 on board.<ref name=BBC8300299>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

19 June 2010
A Cameroon Aéro-Service CASA C-212 chartered by Sundance Resources crashed in dense jungle after departing Cameroon for the Congo, killing all 11 people on board, including Australian mining magnate Ken Talbot and Sundance personnel: Chairman Geoff Wedlock, Chief Executive Officer Don Lewis, company secretary John Carr-Gregg and non-executive directors John Jones and Craig Oliver. At the time of the accident, Talbot was a director of Sundance and its largest shareholder.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>McCullough, James. "Mining magnate Ken Talbot feared dead in plane crash over Congo." Template:Webarchive couriermail.com.au, 20 June 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2010.</ref><ref>"Sundance Plane Wreckage Found in Congo; No Survivors (Update2)." bloomberg.com. Retrieved: 21 April 2012.</ref>

12 February 2011
Sabang Merauke Raya Air Charter CASA C-212, PK-ZAI, carrying five crew, crashed after takeoff from Batam, Indonesia, during a test flight following engine maintenance. All five crew members were killed.<ref>"Crash: Sabang Merauke Raya C212 near Batam on 12 February 2011, lost height enroute." Template:Webarchive avherald.com.Retrieved: 21 April 2012.</ref>
1 April 2011
FUGRO Aviation Canada Limited CASA C-212, C-FDKM, carrying three crew, crashed while attempting to land at Saskatoon Airport, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, after declaring an emergency with an engine failure. The aircraft crashed on Wanuskewin Drive in Saskatoon and hit a concrete barrier, resulting in one death and two injuries aboard.<ref>Grummett, Danny and David Giles. "Ontario man dead as investigators sift through the wreckage of fatal Saskatoon plane crash.", archived from the original Template:Webarchive on 5 April 2011, Global TV, Saskatoon (Shaw Media), 4 April 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2011.</ref>
2 September 2011
A Chilean Air Force CASA C-212, carrying 21 people, crashed Template:Convert from Chile's Pacific coastline in the Juan Fernández Islands, with no survivors. Felipe Camiroaga, a highly popular Chilean TV presenter, was one of the passengers, along with businessman Felipe Cubillos, who had been working on post-earthquake reconstruction efforts.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

29 September 2011
An Indonesian Aerospace CASA C-212 (registration PK-TLF, built in 1989) was carrying 18 people from Medan, North Sumatra to Kutacane, Aceh. Operated by Nusantara Buana Air, the aircraft crashed into Gunung Kapur, a Template:Convert mountain in the Bukit Barisan range, near the village of Bukit Lawang, Bohorok District. There were no survivors among the 14 passengers, three crew and pilot. The accident occurred between 07:28 and 08:05 local time, approximately 58 km (36 miles) northwest of Medan, North Sumatra.<ref>Hradecky, Simon. "Crash: Buana C212 near Kutacane on Sep 29th 2011, wreckage found, no survivors." Template:Webarchive avherald.com, 1 October 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2012.</ref><ref>"Pesawat dengan 14 penumpang jurusan Medan-Kutacane hilang," Template:Webarchive BBC, 29 December 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2012.</ref><ref>"SAR Dekati Titik Jatuhnya Cassa NBA, Nasib Penumpang Belum Jelas." Template:Webarchive metrotvnews.com, 1 October 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2012.</ref>
16 June 2016
A Vietnam Coast Guard CASA C-212-400 from Gia Lam Airport en route to the Gulf of Tonkin crashed during a search for a Su-30MK2 and its pilots downed a few days before. All nine C-212 crew members were lost.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> The crash site was initially reported to be located Template:Convert south-southwest of Bach Long Vi Island. By 18 June 2016, some debris had been found, but there was no sign of the crew. The Vietnamese Coast Guard and Navy announced that the airframe and black box had been found Template:Convert southwest of Bach Long Vi, only 5 nm from the Vietnamese-Chinese border on the gulf.

9 February 2017
A Botswana Defence Force CASA C-212 crashed in the vicinity of Thebephatshwa village in the evening, minutes after leaving Thebephatshwa Air Base. All three people aboard died in the crash. The aircraft was on its way to the capital, Gaborone, Template:Convert away.<ref>"BDF plane crashes, kills 3." Template:Webarchive mmegi.bw, 10 February 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017.</ref>
29 July 2022
The pilot of a CASA C-212 experienced a runway excursion on touchdown, ending up on the grass infield of Raleigh–Durham International Airport in North Carolina after the loss of the right landing gear wheel incurred during an earlier hard landing. The crew had attempted to land at another site near Raeford after flying skydivers when it made the hard landing, then diverted to Raleigh-Durham due to its longer runway. En route to the airport, the pilot reported that the copilot had jumped from the aircraft's rear ramp at Template:Convert without a parachute. The body of the 23-year old male flight crewmember, who had taken an unregulated herbal supplement, was found in a residential area later that evening.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Specifications (Series 400)Edit

File:C-212-200 D.3B-04 cabin, radar operator.jpg
Radar operator's console in the cabin of a C-212
File:AWS Casa-212 in afghanistan.jpg
Blackwater Worldwide C-212 over Afghanistan
File:EC-025.jpg
CASA C-212-400 of the Vietnam Coast Guard

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Variant -CB -CC/CD/CE/CF/DF -DE
Approved 22 Feb 1977 16 May 1980-30 Mar 1989 1 Oct 1991
2× Turboprop Garrett TPE331-5 TPE331-10 P&WC PT6A-65B
Takeoff power Template:Cvt Template:Cvt Template:Cvt
Propellers four-bladed variable pitch
Manufacturer Hartzell McCauley
Propeller Diameter Template:Cvt Template:Cvt Template:Cvt
Max. operating Template:Cvt IAS
Min. control Template:Cvt IAS Template:Cvt IAS (-CC/CD)
Template:Cvt IAS (-CE/CF)
Template:Cvt IAS (-DF) 		Template:Cvt IAS
Chord Template:Cvt
MTOW Template:Cvt Template:Cvt
Flight crew Two pilots
Max. passengers 19 28
Usable fuel Template:Cvt
Ceiling Template:Cvt

See alsoEdit

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ReferencesEdit

CitationsEdit

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BibliographyEdit

External linksEdit

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