Dom people

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دومري (Domari)

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| header1 = {{#if:2.2 million (estimated)<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> |Total population}}

| data2 = 2.2 million (estimated)<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> {{#if:|(Template:Comma separated entries)}} {{#if: | (including those of ancestral descent)}} | label3 = {{#switch: |census = (census) |estimate|est = (est.) }} | data3 = | label4 = {{#switch: |census = (census) |estimate|est = (est.) }} | data4 = | label5 = {{#switch: |census = (census) |estimate|est = (est.) }} | data5 =

| header6 = {{#if:The Levant, North Africa, the Balkans, Hungary and Eastern Anatolia Template:Flagcountry |Regions with significant populations}} | data7 = The Levant, North Africa, the Balkans, Hungary and Eastern Anatolia | header8 = | data9 =

| label11 = Template:Flagcountry | data11 = 300,000<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> | label12 = Template:Flagcountry | data12 = 200,000<ref name="auto">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> | label13 = Template:Flagcountry | data13 = 100,000<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> | label14 = Template:Flagcountry | data14 = 70,000<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> | label15 = Template:Flagcountry | data15 = 50,000<ref>Peoples on the Move: Introducing the Nomads of the World. By David J. Phillips</ref> | label16 = Template:Flagcountry | data16 = 20,000<ref>Peoples on the Move: Introducing the Nomads of the World. By David J. Phillips</ref> | label17 = Template:Flagcountry | data17 = 10,000<ref>Peoples on the Move: Introducing the Nomads of the World. By David J. Phillips</ref> | label18 = Template:Flagcountry | data18 = 9,100<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> | label19 = Template:Flagcountry | data19 = 8,000<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> | label20 = | data20 = | label21 = | data21 = | label22 = | data22 = | label23 = | data23 = | label24 = | data24 = | label25 = | data25 = | label26 = | data26 = | label27 = | data27 = | label28 = | data28 = | label29 = | data29 = | label30 = | data30 = | label31 = | data31 = | label32 = | data32 = | label33 = | data33 = | label34 = | data34 = | label35 = | data35 = | label36 = | data36 = | label37 = | data37 = | label38 = | data38 = | label39 = | data39 = | label40 = | data40 = | label41 = | data41 = | label42 = | data42 = | label43 = | data43 = | label44 = | data44 = | label45 = | data45 = | label46 = | data46 = | label47 = | data47 = | label48 = | data48 = | label49 = | data49 = | label50 = | data50 = | label51 = | data51 = | label52 = | data52 = | label53 = | data53 = | label54 = | data54 = | label55 = | data55 = | label56 = | data56 = | label57 = | data57 = | label58 = | data58 = | label59 = | data59 = | label60 = | data60 = | header61 = {{#if:Majority: Domari Template:Sfn
Minority: Arabic Template:·Hebrew Template:·Kurdish |Languages}} | data62 = Majority: Domari Template:Sfn
Minority: Arabic Template:·Hebrew Template:·Kurdish | header63 = {{#if:Islam, irreligion<ref name="Ismaili 2013">Template:Cite book</ref> |Religion}} | data64 = Islam, irreligion<ref name="Ismaili 2013">Template:Cite book</ref> | header65 = {{#if:Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians,<ref name="Ismaili 2013"/> Domba,Template:Sfn Ghorbati,Template:Sfn Lom,Template:Sfn Romani,Template:Sfn Abdal of Turkey, other Indo-Aryans Template:Sfn |Related ethnic groups}} | data66 = Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians,<ref name="Ismaili 2013"/> Domba,Template:Sfn Ghorbati,Template:Sfn Lom,Template:Sfn Romani,Template:Sfn Abdal of Turkey, other Indo-Aryans Template:Sfn{{#if: | Template:Main other }}

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The Dom (also called Domi; Template:Langx / ALA-LC: Template:Transliteration, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} / Template:Transliteration, Ḍom / {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} or {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, or sometimes also called Doms) are descendants of the Dom caste with origins in the Indian subcontinent which through ancient migrations are found scattered across the Middle East and North Africa, the Eastern Anatolia Region, and parts of the Balkans and Hungary.Template:Sfn The traditional language of the Dom is Domari, an endangered Indo-Aryan language, thereby making the Dom an Indo-Aryan ethnic group.Template:Sfn<ref>Türki̇ye'de Rom, Dom Ve Lom Gruplarinin Görünümü</ref>

The Doms were formerly grouped with other traditionally itinerant ethnic groups originating from medieval India: the Rom and Lom peoples.Template:Sfn However, these groups left India at different times and used different routes.<ref name="Hubschmannova"/> The Domari language has a separate origin in India from Romani,Template:Sfn and Doms are not closer to the Romani people than other Indians, such as Gujaratis.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Dom people do not identify themselves as Romanis.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

CultureEdit

The Dom have an oral tradition and express their culture and history through music, poetry, and dance.Template:Sfn Initially, it was believed that they were a branch of the Romani people, but recent studies of the Domari language suggest that they departed from the Indian subcontinent<ref name = What_is_Domari>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> at different times and using different routes.<ref name="Hubschmannova">Template:Cite book</ref>

Among the various Domari subgroups, they were initially part of Ghawazi who were known for their dancing and music business.Template:Sfn Some Muslim Roma may share Dom ancestry too, because in the travel book Seyahatnâme, written by the Ottoman Turkish traveller Evliya Çelebi in 1668, he explained that the Romani from Komotini (Gümülcine) believe that their ancestors originated in Ottoman Egypt.<ref name="Friedman Dankoff 1991">Template:Cite journal</ref> Also the sedentary Romani groups from Serres region in Greece believe their ancestors were once taken from Ottoman Egypt by the Turks after 1517 to Rumelia, to work on the tobacco plantations of Turkish feudals that were based there.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Muslim Roma settled in Baranya and the city of Pécs in southwestern Hungary. After the Siege of Pécs (1686), when the Habsburgs took it back, Muslim Roma and some other Muslim ethnic minorities abandoned Islam and converted to Christianity, choosing the Roman Catholic faith in the years 1686–1713.<ref name="Jahren 1686">Die Baranya in den Jahren 1686 bis 1713: Kontinuität und Wandel in einem ...</ref>Template:Relevance inline The Ghagar, a subgroup of the Doms in Egypt, say that some of them went to Hungary.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

LanguageEdit

Domari shows Turkic, Kurdish and Arabic influence.Template:Sfn Domari in the Middle East is known as Nawari.Template:Sfn

DistributionEdit

The Dom people, with an estimated population of 2.2 million, predominantly inhabit regions spanning Turkey, Egypt, Greece, Jordan, Palestine, Israel, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Iran. The actual population is believed to surpass this estimate, given that some Dom individuals are left out of official national censuses, and others identify themselves using national labels rather than the term "Dom."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

There is a large concentration of Doms in Jordan, where they call themselves Bani Murra.<ref name="Marsh-Elin 2006">Marsh, Adrian & Strand, Elin (red.) (2006). Gypsies and the Problem of Identities: Contextual, Constructed and Contested. Istanbul: Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul (Svenska forskningsinstitutet i Istanbul), p. 207</ref> Researchers have written that "they accommodate Arab racism by hiding their ethnic identity", since they would not be accepted into Arab societies once their true identity is revealed due to the anti-Romani sentiment that is prevalent in the Arab world.<ref name="Marsh-Elin 2006"/> Their community numbers around 70,000 in Jordan according to estimates in 2015.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

A small community in east Jerusalem lives in Bab Huta neighborhood, in the Old City of Jerusalem.<ref>Selig, Abe. Jerusalem’s Herod’s Gate receives face-lift. 06/29/2010. Jerusalem Post</ref><ref>A People Apart: The Romani community seeks recognition. By Eetta Prince-Gibson. Dom Research Center. 2001</ref><ref>Danny Rubinstein. People / Steve Sabella: Blurring the lines. Haaretz. 2005</ref><ref>Joseph B. Glass and Rassem Khamaisi. Report on the Socio-Economic Conditions in the Old City of Jerusalem. Munk Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto. p.4</ref> The population in Jerusalem is around 15,000<ref name="idjor23">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The population in Lebanon is around 3,112 (estimated).<ref name="irini23">Template:Cite report</ref>

Al-NawarEdit

Al-Nawar (Template:Langx) is an Arabic term for several nomad communities used primarily in Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine.Template:Sfn The term, regarded as derogatory, is used by Arabs for several diverse ethnic groups.Template:Sfn They have historically been called "Gypsies", though as a whole they are not Romani per se. The Dom people are especially known as Nawar.Template:Sfn While both they and Romani people originated from the Indian subcontinent, they came from two drastically different ethnicities and cultures. The Nawar in Palestine are also known as Ghajars (gypsies).Template:Sfn