Indo-Aryan peoples

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| image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage |upright=|alt=|image={{#if:|{{{rawimage}}}|File:Indo-Aryan language map.svg }} }} | caption2 = 1978 map showing geographical distribution of the major Indo-Aryan languages. (Urdu is included under Hindi. Romani, Domari, and Lomavren are outside the scope of the map.) Dotted/striped areas indicate where multilingualism is common.Template:Hidden

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|list1name = Languages |list1title = Languages

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List of Indo-European languages

Extant

Extinct

Reconstructed

Proto-Indo-European language
- Phonology: Sound laws, Accent, Ablaut

Hypothetical

Grammar

Other

|list2name = Philology |list2title = Philology |list2=

|list3name = Origins |list3title = Origins |list3=

Mainstream

Alternative and fringe

|list4name = Archaeology |list4title = Archaeology |list4 = Chalcolithic (Copper Age)
Pontic Steppe

Caucasus

Maykop

East Asia

Afanasievo

Eastern Europe

Northern Europe

Corded ware
- Template:Small
- Template:Small

Bronze Age
Pontic Steppe

Northern/Eastern Steppe

Europe

South Asia

Iron Age
Steppe

Chernoles

Europe

Caucasus

Colchian

Central Asia

Yaz

India

|list7name = Peoples and societies |list7title = Peoples and societies |list7= Bronze Age

Iron Age Indo-Aryans

Indo-Aryans

Iranians

Iranians

Nuristanis

Nuristanis

East Asia

Wusun
Yuezhi

Europe

Middle Ages
East Asia

Tocharians

Europe

Indo-Aryan

Medieval India

Iranian

Greater Iran

|list8name = Religion and mythology |list8title = Religion and mythology |list8 = Reconstructed

Historical

Hittite

Indo-Aryan

Iranian

Others

Armenian

European

Paleo-Balkan (Albanian · Illyrian · Thracian · Dacian)
Greek
Roman
Celtic
Germanic
Baltic
- Template:Small
- Template:Small
Slavic

Practices

|list9name = Academic research |list9title = Indo-European studies |list9 = Scholars

Institutes

Copenhagen Studies in Indo-European

Publications

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Indo-Aryan peoples are a diverse collection of peoples predominantly found in South Asia, who (traditionally) speak Indo-Aryan languages. Historically, Aryans were the Indo-Iranian speaking pastoralists who migrated from Central Asia into South Asia and introduced the Proto-Indo-Aryan language.Template:Sfn Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The early Indo-Aryan peoples were known to be closely related to the Indo-Iranian group that have resided north of the Indus River; an evident connection in cultural, linguistic, and historical ties. Today, Indo-Aryan speakers are found south of the Indus, across the modern-day regions of Bangladesh, Nepal, eastern-Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives and northern-India.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

HistoryEdit

Proto-Indo-IraniansEdit

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File:Indo-Iranian origins.png

Archaeological cultures associated with Indo-Iranian migrations (after EIEC). The Andronovo, BMAC and Yaz cultures have often been associated with Indo-Iranian migrations. The GGC, Cemetery H, Copper Hoard, OCP, and PGW cultures are candidates for cultures associated with Indo-Aryan migrations.

The introduction of the Indo-Aryan languages in the Indian subcontinent was the outcome of a migration of Indo-Aryan people from Central Asia into the northern Indian subcontinent (modern-day Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka). These migrations started approximately 1,800 BCE, after the invention of the war chariot, and also brought Indo-Aryan languages into the Levant and possibly Inner Asia.Template:CN Another group of Indo-Aryans migrated further westward and founded the Mitanni kingdom in northern SyriaTemplate:Sfn (c. 1500–1300 BC); the other group was the Vedic people.Template:Sfn Christopher I. Beckwith suggests that the Wusun, an Indo-European Caucasoid people of Inner Asia in antiquity, were also of Indo-Aryan origin.Template:Sfn

The Proto-Indo-Iranians, from which the Indo-Aryans developed, are identified with the Sintashta culture (2100–1800 BCE),Template:Sfn Template:Sfn and the Andronovo culture,Template:CN which flourished ca. 1800–1400 BCE in the steppes around the Aral Sea, present-day Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The Proto-Indo-Aryan split off around 1800–1600 BCE from the Iranians,Template:Sfn moved south through the Bactria-Margiana Culture, south of the Andronovo culture, borrowing some of their distinctive religious beliefs and practices from the BMAC, and then migrated further south into the Levant and north-western India.<ref>George Erdosy (1995). "The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity", p. 279</ref>Template:Sfn The migration of the Indo-Aryans was part of the larger diffusion of Indo-European languages from the Proto-Indo-European homeland at the Pontic–Caspian steppe which started in the 4th millennium BCE.Template:Sfn<ref>Johannes Krause mit Thomas Trappe: Die Reise unserer Gene. Eine Geschichte über uns und unsere Vorfahren. Propyläen Verlag, Berlin 2019, p. 148 ff.</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The GGC, Cemetery H, Copper Hoard, OCP, and PGW cultures are candidates for cultures associated with Indo-Aryans.

The Indo-Aryans were united by shared cultural norms and language, referred to as aryā 'noble'. Over the last four millennia, the Indo-Aryan culture has evolved particularly inside India itself, but its origins are in the conflation of values and heritage of the Indo-Aryan and indigenous people groups of India.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Diffusion of this culture and language took place by patron-client systems, which allowed for the absorption and acculturation of other groups into this culture, and explains the strong influence on other cultures with which it interacted.

Genetically, most Indo-Aryan-speaking populations are descendants of a mix of Central Asian steppe pastoralists, Iranian hunter-gatherers, and, to a lesser extent, South Asian hunter-gatherers—commonly known as Ancient Ancestral South Indians (AASI). Dravidians are descendants of a mix of South Asian hunter-gatherers and Iranian hunter-gatherers, and to a lesser extent, Central Asian steppe pastoralists. South Indian Tribal Dravidians descend majorly from South Asian hunter-gatherers, and to a lesser extent Iranian hunter-gatherers.Template:Sfn Template:Sfn<ref name="Yelmen_2019">Template:Cite journal</ref> Additionally, Austroasiatic and Tibeto-Burmese speaking people contributed to the genetic make-up of South Asia.Template:Sfn

Indigenous Aryanism propagates the idea that the Indo-Aryans were indigenous to the Indian subcontinent, and that the Indo-European languages spread from there to central Asia and Europe. Contemporary support for this idea is ideologically driven, and has no basis in objective data and mainstream scholarship.Template:Sfn Template:Sfn Template:Sfn Template:Sfn Template:Snf