Leon Botstein

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Leon Botstein (born December 14, 1946, in Zürich, Switzerland) is a Swiss-born American conductor, educator, historical musicologist,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite Grove</ref> and scholar serving as the President of Bard College.<ref>Profile: Leon Botstein, Hadassah Magazine, "Botstein is a proud secular Jew not ambivalent or defensive about his identity. In I Am Jewish: Personal Reflections Inspired by the Last Words of Daniel Pearl (Jewish Lights), he writes: "In Judaism, learning is prayer, for it celebrates the human capacity for language and thought." He waxes nostalgic for the days of "exceptional Jewry," arguing that "Jews have entered the indistinguishable middle class…. We are no longer the people of the book; we are a people of ordinary vulgarity. The real tragedy of American Jewry—and Israel—is that we've used privilege to become absolutely ordinary.""</ref><ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref>

BiographyEdit

Botstein was born in Zürich, Switzerland, in 1946.<ref name="auto">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The son of Polish-Jewish physicians, Botstein immigrated to New York City at the age of two. He studied violin with Roman Totenberg and, during the summers, studied with faculty from the National Conservatory in Mexico City.<ref name="auto"/>

In 1963, at age 16, Botstein graduated from the High School of Music and Art in Manhattan. He graduated from the University of Chicago in 1967 with a bachelor's degree in history. While an undergraduate, he was concertmaster and assistant conductor of the university orchestra and founded its chamber orchestra.<ref name="auto8">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> His music teachers in college included composer Richard Wernick and the musicologists H. Colin Slim and Howard Mayer Brown. In 1967, after studying at Tanglewood, Botstein attended Harvard University, where he studied history under David Landes, writing on musical life of Vienna in the 19th and early 20th centuries, earning an MA in 1968. At Harvard, he was the assistant conductor of the Harvard Radcliffe Orchestra and conductor of the Doctors' Orchestra of Boston.<ref name="auto3">Template:Cite magazine</ref>

In 1969, while a graduate student, Botstein was awarded a Sloan Foundation Fellowship and began work for New York City Mayor John V. Lindsay’s administration as special assistant to the president of the Board of Education of the City of New York.<ref name="auto8"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1970, at age 23, Botstein became the youngest college president in history after being appointed president of the now-defunct Franconia College in New Hampshire. He was offered the position after meeting his future father-in-law, Oliver Lundquist, who was on the board of trustees.<ref name=":0" />

President of Bard CollegeEdit

In 1975, Botstein left Franconia to become the president of Bard College, a position he still holds.<ref name="auto3"/> He oversaw significant curricular changes,<ref name="auto4">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":0"/> and, under his leadership, Bard saw record gains in enrollment, campus growth, endowment, institutional reach, and high-profile faculty.<ref name=":0"/><ref name="auto4"/><ref name="auto8"/> Botstein directed the launch of the Levy Economics Institute, a public-policy research center, as well as graduate programs in the fine arts, decorative arts, environmental policy, and curatorial studies; soon thereafter, he helped acquire Bard College at Simon's Rock and later founded Bard High School Early College, which operates in seven cities: Newark, New York City, Cleveland, Washington D.C., Baltimore, New Orleans, and Hudson.<ref name="auto8"/><ref name=":0"/>

In the wake of the death of his second child, an 8-year-old daughter, Botstein decided to return to the musical career he had begun at University of Chicago.<ref name="auto3"/> In 1985, he completed his Ph.D. in music history at Harvard<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and began retraining as a conductor with Harold Farberman, eventually leading the Hudson Valley Philharmonic Chamber Orchestra.<ref name="auto3"/><ref name=":0"/>

1990–present: Festivals, international programs, and conductingEdit

File:Fisher at Bard College.jpg

Richard B. Fisher Center for the Performing Arts

In 1990, Botstein established the Bard Music Festival, whose success led to the development of the critically acclaimed<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Richard B. Fisher Center for the Performing Arts, a multi-functional facility designed by Frank Gehry on the Bard campus. In 1992, in addition to being named editor of The Musical Quarterly, he was appointed director of the American Symphony Orchestra, a position he still holds. Under Botstein's directorship, the orchestra has developed a reputation for rescuing lesser-known works from obscurity.<ref name="auto5">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1999, he helped establish Bard’s acclaimed Prison Initiative, which established college-in-prison programs across the country and is now active in nine states.<ref name="auto5"/>

In 2003, following the success of the Bard Music Festival, Botstein developed Bard SummerScape, a festival of opera, theater, film, and music, where, since its founding, he has revived 13 rare operas in full staging.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Later that year, Botstein became the music director of the Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="auto7">Template:Cite book</ref> His concerts with the Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra were broadcast in regular series across the U.S. and Europe, and he led the orchestra on several tours, including twice across the U.S. and to Leipzig to open the 2009 Bach Festival with a performance of Felix Mendelssohn’s Elijah in Bach’s Thomaskirche. In 2011, he stepped down from that post and became the Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra's Conductor Laureate and, as of 2022, also serves as its Principal Guest Conductor.<ref name="auto7"/> In addition to his work with the ASO and JSO, Botstein has performed or recorded with, among many others, the London Philharmonic Orchestra, New York City Opera, Los Angeles Philharmonic, BBC Symphony Orchestra, London Symphony Orchestra, Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra, St. Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra, Mariinsky Theatre Orchestra, and NDR Symphony Orchestra. In 2005, his recording of Gavriil Popov’s First Symphony with the London Symphony Orchestra was nominated for a Grammy Award.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

File:"Intolerance" Performed by the American Symphony Orchestra at Carnegie Hall (26711512508).jpg

Botstein and the American Symphony Orchestra after a performance of Intolleranza by Luigi Nono at Carnegie Hall in 2018.

Throughout this period, in collaboration with institutions abroad, Botstein helped launch liberal arts programs to countries in Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, South Africa, Central Asia, and the Middle East. He established programs with Al Quds University,<ref>Palestinian Campus Looks to East Bank (of Hudson), New York Times, February 14, 2009</ref> American University of Central Asia,<ref>Scott Horton Interviews The Other Scott Horton Template:Webarchive, Antiwar Radio (Dec. 11, 2010)</ref> and Central European University,<ref name="ceu.bard.edu">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }} Bard College: About CEU and Budapest</ref> as well as helping found Bard College Berlin<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Smolny College, Russia's first and foremost liberal arts institution.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Botstein also turned his attention to developing Bard's music program. In 2005, he oversaw the development of The Bard College Conservatory of Music and later became director of The Bard Conservatory Orchestra.<ref name="auto5"/> During this period, he also helped Bard acquire the Longy School of Music, and led The Bard Conservatory Orchestra on tours of China, Eastern Europe, and Cuba. In addition to conducting for the Youth Orchestra of Caracas in Venezuela and on tour in Japan, Botstein also helped develop Take a Stand, a national music program in the U.S. based on principles of El Sistema.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2015, he founded The Orchestra Now,<ref name="auto1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> a pre-professional orchestra and master’s degree program at Bard College; in addition to performing multiple concerts each season at Carnegie Hall and Lincoln Center, The Orchestra Now performs a regular concert series at Bard's Fisher Center and takes part in Bard Music Festival concerts.<ref name="auto1"/>

In 2016, Botstein received $150,000 as a donation to Bard College from the foundation Gratitude America, which was founded by financier and convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein, according to articles in The New York Times<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and The Wall Street Journal. At the time, Botstein was on the charity's advisory board.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2018, Botstein was appointed artistic director of Campus Grafenegg in Austria, where he collaborated with Thomas Hampson and Dennis Russell Davies. On January 23, 2020, he was named chancellor of the Open Society University Network, of which Bard College and Central European University are founding members.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2019, Botstein appeared in the documentary College Behind Bars, a four-part television series about the Bard Prison Initiative, a degree program offered to inmates in New York prisons. The series was produced by his daughter, Sarah Botstein, who works for Ken Burns's documentary production company.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

MusicianshipEdit

Botstein is renowned<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="auto2">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> for reviving and promoting neglected repertoire and composers.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In addition, as director of the American Symphony Orchestra and the Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra, he emerged as a significant proponent of "thematic programming", which assembles concert programs around common themes grounded in literature, music history, or art.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He is also known for the series "Classics Declassified", in which he lectures, conducts, and takes questions from the audience.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Both the Bard Music Festival and Bard SummerScape continue his method of reviving neglected works and synthesizing performance and scholarship. The Wall Street JournalTemplate:'s Barrymore Laurence Scherer wrote, "the Bard Music Festival…no longer needs an introduction. Under the provocative guidance of the conductor-scholar Leon Botstein, it has long been one of the most intellectually stimulating of all American summer festivals and frequently is one of the most musically satisfying. Each year, through discussions by major scholars and illustrative concerts often programmed to overflowing, Bard audiences have investigated the oeuvre of a major composer in the context of the society, politics, literature, art and music of his times."<ref name="auto2"/>

Scholarship and writingsEdit

Botstein's scholarship focuses on the intersection of music, culture, and politics since the early 19th century.<ref name="auto3"/><ref name="auto8"/> He has written books including Judentum und Modernitaet and Von Beethoven zu Berg: Das Gedächtnis der Moderne (2013) and The History of Listening: How Music Creates Meaning (2000).

In addition, he is coeditor of Vienna: Jews and the City of Music, 1870-1938, published in 2004, and editor of The Complete Brahms: A Guide to the Musical Works of Johannes (1999).

Botstein's essays for The Bard Music Festival are published as a series in the Princeton University Press.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="auto6">Template:Cite news</ref> He has been editor of The Musical Quarterly since 1993 and a frequent contributor to periodicals focusing on music and history.<ref name="auto6"/>

Botstein also writes frequently on primary and secondary education and universities: in addition to the book Jefferson's Children: Education and the Promise of American Culture (1997), he is the author of numerous articles on education in the United States.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Personal lifeEdit

Botstein is the brother of biologist David Botstein and pediatric cardiologist Eva Griepp. Both of his parents were physicians who, after emigrating to the U.S., served on faculty of the Einstein College of Medicine in New York.

He is the husband of art historian Barbara Haskell. They have two children: Clara Haskell Botstein, director of legislation and governmental relations at the D.C. office of the deputy mayor for education,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Max Botstein.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":0" />

Botstein and his first wife, Jill Lundquist, are the parents of Sarah Botstein, who produced the documentary College Behind Bars, and Abby Botstein (1973-1981).<ref name=":0" />

AwardsEdit

Title	Year
Honorary Doctor of Science, Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	2018
Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters, Goucher College<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	2017
Honorary Doctor of Music, Sewanee: The University of the South<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	2016
Lifetime Achievement Award - YIVO Institute for Jewish Research<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	2015
The Deborah W. Meier Hero in Education Award - Fairtest	2015
Caroline P. and Charles W. Ireland Distinguished Visiting Scholar Prize - University of Alabama at Birmingham<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	2014
Jewish Cultural Achievement Award - The Foundation for Jewish Culture	2013
citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	2013
The University of Chicago Alumni Medal	2012
Leonard Bernstein Award for the Elevation of Music in Society	2012
Elected to the American Philosophical Society	2010
Carnegie Academic Leadership Award - The Carnegie Corporation, for outstanding leadership in curricular innovation, reform of K-12 education and promotion of strong links between their institution and their local community.	2009
Popov's Symphony No. 1 and Shostakovich's Theme and Variations with the London Symphony Orchestra - nominated for a Grammy Award in the category of Best Orchestral Performance.	2006
Award for Distinguished Service to the Arts from the American Academy of Arts and Letters<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1\|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	2003
Austrian Cross of Honor for Science and Art	2001
Harvard Centennial Medal by the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences to recipients of graduate degrees from the School for their "contributions to society".	1996
National Arts Club Gold Medal	1995