List of spaceflight records

File:Gemini 7 in orbit - GPN-2006-000035.jpg

The first space rendezvous was accomplished by Gemini 6A and Gemini 7 in 1965.

Records and firsts in spaceflight are broadly divided into crewed and uncrewed categories. Records involving animal spaceflight have also been noted in earlier experimental flights, typically to establish the feasibility of sending humans to outer space.

The notion of "firsts" in spaceflight follows a long tradition of firsts in aviation, but is also closely tied to the Space Race. During the 1950s and 1960s, the Soviet Union and the United States competed to be the first countries to accomplish various feats. In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial orbital satellite. In 1961, Soviet Vostok 1 cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to enter space and orbit the Earth, and in 1969 American Apollo 11 astronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person to set foot on the Moon. No human has traveled beyond low Earth orbit since 1972, when the Apollo program ended.

During the 1970s, the Soviet Union directed its energies to human habitation of space stations of increasingly long durations. In the 1980s, the United States began launching its Space Shuttles, which carried larger crews and thus could increase the number of people in space at a given time. Following their first mission of détente on the 1975 Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, the Soviet Union and the United States again collaborated with each other on the Shuttle-Mir initiative, efforts which led to the International Space Station (ISS), which has been continuously inhabited by humans for over 20 years.

Other firsts in spaceflight involve demographics, private enterprise, and distance. Dozens of countries have sent at least one traveler to space. In 1963, Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman in space, aboard Vostok 6. In the early 21st century, private companies joined government agencies in crewed spaceflight: in 2004, the sub-orbital spaceplane SpaceShipOne became the first privately funded crewed craft to enter space; in 2020, SpaceX's Dragon 2 became the first privately developed crewed vehicle to reach orbit when it ferried a crew to the ISS. As of Template:Year, the uncrewed probe Voyager 1 is the most distant artificial object from the Earth, part of a small class of vehicles that are leaving the Solar System.

First independent suborbital and orbital human spaceflight by country

Country	Mission	Crew	Spacecraft	Launch vehicle	Date	Type	Notes
Template:Flagicon USSR<ref name=Gar>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Vostok 1<ref name=Gar/>	Yuri Gagarin<ref name=Gar/>	Vostok 3KA<ref name=Gar/>	Vostok-K<ref name=Gar/>	12 April 1961<ref name=Gar/>	Orbital<ref name=Gar/>
Template:Flagicon USA<ref name=F7>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Mercury-Redstone 3 (Freedom 7)<ref name=F7/>	Alan Shepard<ref name=F7/>	Mercury Spacecraft No.7<ref name=F7/>	Mercury-Redstone<ref name=F7/>	5 May 1961<ref name=F7/>	Sub-orbital<ref name=F7/>
Template:Flagicon USA<ref name=Friend7>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Mercury-Atlas 6 (Friendship 7)<ref name=Friend7/>	John Glenn<ref name=Friend7/>	Mercury Spacecraft No.13<ref name=Friend7/>	Atlas LV-3B	20 February 1962<ref name=Friend7/>	Orbital<ref name=Friend7/>
Template:Flagicon USSR	Soyuz 18A	Vasily Lazarev, Oleg Makarov	Soyuz 7K-T	Soyuz 11A511	5 April 1975	Sub-orbital	The mission was intended to be orbital, but a fault in the launch vehicle prevented the spacecraft from reaching orbit.
Template:Flagicon Russia	Soyuz TM-14	Aleksandr Viktorenko, Aleksandr Kaleri, Klaus-Dietrich Flade	Soyuz-TM	Soyuz-U2	17 March 1992	Orbital	First Soyuz mission to occur after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Template:Flagicon China<ref name=ChinFirst>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Shenzhou 5<ref name=ChinFirst/>	Yang Liwei<ref name=ChinFirst/>	Shenzhou spacecraft<ref name=ChinFirst/>	Long March 2F<ref name=ChinFirst/>	15 October 2003<ref name=ChinFirst/>	Orbital<ref name=ChinFirst/>

Human spaceflight firsts

Template:More citations needed section Note: Some space records are disputed as a result of ambiguities surrounding the border of space. Most records follow the FAI definition of the space border which the FAI sets at an altitude of 100 km (62.14 mi). By contrast, US agencies define the border of space at 50 mi (80.47 km). Template:Sticky header

First	Person(s)	Mission	Country	Date
Template:Bulleted list	Yuri Gagarin	Vostok 1<ref name="flight1967-03-23">Template:Cite journal</ref>	Template:Flagicon USSR	12 April 1961
Template:Bulleted list	Alan Shepard	Freedom 7	Template:Flagicon USA	5 May 1961
Template:Bulleted list	Gherman Titov	Vostok 2	Template:Flagicon USSR	6 August 1961 – 7 August 1961
Template:Bulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon USSR	12 August 1962 – 15 August 1962
Template:Bulleted list File:RIAN archive 612748 Valentina Tereshkova.jpg	Valentina Tereshkova	Vostok 6<ref name= "Rooney">Template:Cite book</ref>	Template:Flagicon USSR	16 June 1963 – 19 June 1963
Template:Bulleted list	Joe Walker	X-15 Flight 90	Template:Flagicon USA	19 July 1963
Person to enter space twice (suborbital flights above Template:Convert)	Joe Walker	X-15 Flights 90 and 91	Template:Flagicon USA	22 August 1963
Template:Bulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Voskhod 1<ref name="flight1967-03-23" />	Template:Flagicon USSR	12 October 1964 – 13 October 1964
Template:Bulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Voskhod 2	Template:Flagicon USSR	18 March 1965 – 19 March 1965
Spacewalk	Alexei Leonov	Voskhod 2<ref name="flight1967-03-23" />	Template:Flagicon USSR	18 March 1965
Orbital maneuvers (change orbit)	Gus Grissom, John W. Young	Gemini 3<ref name="flight1967-03-23" />	Template:Flagicon USA	23 March 1965
Person to fly two orbital spaceflights	Gordon Cooper	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon USA	Template:Unbulleted list
Persons to spend one week in space	Template:Unbulleted list	Gemini 5	Template:Flagicon USA	21 August 1965 – 29 August 1965
Spaceflight aborted before liftoff (after engine start)	Template:Unbulleted list	Gemini 6A	Template:Flagicon USA	12 December 1965
Template:Bulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon USA	15 December 1965 – 16 December 1965
Civilian in orbit (at the time of flight)	Neil Armstrong	Gemini 8	Template:Flagicon USA	16 March 1966 – 17 March 1966
Space docking File:Gemini 8 docking.jpg	Template:Unbulleted list File:Portrait of the Gemini 8 prime crew.jpg	Gemini 8 and Agena<ref name="flight1967-03-23" />	Template:Flagicon USA	16 March 1966
Multiple (dual) rendezvous (with Agena 10, then Agena 8)<ref>Neal et al., p. 235</ref>	Template:Unbulleted list	Gemini 10	Template:Flagicon USA	Template:Unbulleted list
Persons to exceed 1,000 km above Earth File:Gemini 11 prime crew (Gordon and Conrad).jpg	Template:Unbulleted list	Gemini 11	Template:Flagicon USA	12 September 1966 – 15 September 1966
Spaceflight death (during landing) File:Vladimir Komarov foto grupal grupo de cosmonautas (cropped).jpg	Vladimir Komarov	Soyuz 1	Template:Flagicon USSR	23 April 1967 – 24 April 1967
Template:Bulleted list File:Schirra walter 3.jpg	Wally Schirra	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon USA	22 October 1968
Template:Bulleted list File:Apollo8 Prime Crew2.jpg	Template:Unbulleted list	Apollo 8	Template:Flagicon USA	24 December 1968 – 25 December 1968
People to fly together twice on different missions	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon USA	21 December 1968
Template:Bulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon USSR	16 January 1969
Solo flight around the Moon	John Young	Apollo 10	Template:Flagicon USA	22 May 1969
Template:Bulleted list File:Aldrin Apollo 11 original.jpg	Template:Unbulleted list	Apollo 11	Template:Flagicon USA	20 July 1969
Five people in space at the same time	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon USSR	12 October 1969 – 13 October 1969
Template:Bulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon USSR	13 October 1969 – 16 October 1969
Person to complete four spaceflights File:James Lovell.jpg	James A. Lovell	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon USA	17 April 1970
Template:Bulleted list	James A. Lovell	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon USA	11 April 1970 – 17 April 1970
Template:Bulleted list File:Apollo 13 Prime Crew.jpg	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon USA	11 April 1970 – 17 April 1970
Template:Bulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Soyuz 9	Template:Flagicon USSR	1 June 1970 – 19 June 1970
People to EVA out of sight of their spacecraft	Template:Unbulleted list	Apollo 14	Template:Flagicon USA	6 February 1971
Person to play sports on a planetary body other than Earth	Alan Shepard	Apollo 14	Template:Flagicon USA	7 February 1971
Template:Bulleted list File:Salyut 4 and Soyuz drawing.svg	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon USSR	22 April 1971 – 24 April 1971
Template:Bulleted list File:The Soviet Union 1971 CPA 4060 stamp (Cosmonauts Georgy Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov and Viktor Patsayev).png	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon USSR	7 June 1971 – 29 June 1971
Person to use a telescope in space	Viktor Patsayev	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon USSR	7 June 1971 – 29 June 1971
People to travel in a wheeled vehicle on a planetary body other than Earth Scott on the Rover – GPN-2000-001306	Template:Unbulleted list	Apollo 15	Template:Flagicon USA	31 July 1971– 2 August 1971
Deep space EVA (trans-Earth trajectory) File:Worden podczas EVA S71-43202.jpg	Alfred Worden	Apollo 15	Template:Flagicon USA	5 August 1971
Person to be in lunar orbit twice (during separate lunar expeditions)	John W. Young	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon USA	16 April 1972 – 27 April 1972
People in orbit for four weeks File:Skylab 2 crew.jpg	Template:Unbulleted list	Skylab 2	Template:Flagicon USA	25 May 1973 – 22 June 1973
People in orbit for eight weeks File:S73-28714.jpg	Template:Unbulleted list	Skylab 3	Template:Flagicon USA	28 July 1973 – 25 September 1973
People in orbit for 12 weeks File:Skylab4 crew.jpg	Template:Unbulleted list	Skylab 4	Template:Flagicon USA	16 November 1973 – 8 February 1974
Template:Bulleted list	Vasily Lazarev, Oleg Makarov	Soyuz 7K-T No.39	Template:Flagicon USSR	5 April 1975
International docking File:ASTP handshake - cropped.jpg	Thomas P. Stafford, Vance D. Brand, Donald K. Slayton – USA Alexei Leonov, Valeri Kubasov – USSR	Apollo–Soyuz	Template:FlagiconUSA Template:FlagiconUSSR	17 July 1975
Crew to visit occupied space station	Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Oleg Makarov	Soyuz 27 visits Salyut 6 EO-1 crew	Template:Flagicon USSR	10 January 1978 – 16 January 1978
People in orbit 19 weeks (4 months)	Vladimir Kovalyonok, Aleksandr Ivanchenkov	Salyut 6 EO-2, Soyuz 29-Soyuz 31	Template:Flagicon USSR	15 June 1978 – 2 November 1978
People in orbit 26 weeks (6 months)	Leonid Popov, Valery Ryumin	Salyut 6 EO-4, Soyuz 35-Soyuz 37	Template:Flagicon USSR	9 April 1980 – 11 October 1980
Spaceflight (orbital) by winged spacecraft Spaceflight (orbital) of a reusable spacecraft First, and only, crew launched on a rocket's maiden flight File:Sts-1 crew.jpg	Template:Unbulleted list	STS-1	Template:Flagicon USA	12 April 1981
Person to fly four different types of spacecraft	John W. Young	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon USA	12 April 1981
Person to complete five spaceflights	John W. Young	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon USA	14 April 1981
Re-use of previously flown spacecraft (orbital) File:Sts-2 crew.jpg	Template:Unbulleted list	STS-2	Template:Flagicon USA	12 November 1981
Woman to visit a space station	Svetlana Savitskaya	Salyut 7, Soyuz T-7	Template:Flagicon USSR	20 August 1982
Four-person spaceflight in a single spacecraft File:STS-5 crew onboard portrait on port side middeck 2.jpg	Template:Unbulleted list	STS-5	Template:Flagicon USA	11 November 1982 – 16 November 1982
Five-person spaceflight in a single spacecraft File:STS-7 Crew (18649126018).jpg	Template:Unbulleted list	STS-7	Template:Flagicon USA	18 June 1983 – 24 June 1983
LGBTQ person in space	Sally K. Ride	STS-7	Template:Flagicon USA	18 June 1983 – 24 June 1983
Use of a launch escape system in an emergency File:Soyuz T-10-1 abort.jpg	Vladimir Titov, Gennady Strekalov	Soyuz 7K-ST No.16L	Template:Flagicon USSR	26 September 1983
Six-person spaceflight in a single spacecraft File:Portrait of STS-9 crew in the Spacelab.jpg	Template:Unbulleted list	STS-9	Template:Unbulleted list	28 November 1983 – 8 December 1983
Person to complete six spaceflights File:John Watts Young.jpg	John W. Young	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon USA	8 December 1983
Untethered spacewalk File:EVAtion - GPN-2000-001087.jpg	Bruce McCandless II	STS-41-B<ref>Rooney, pp. 42–43.</ref>	Template:Flagicon USA	7 February 1984
Eight people in space at the same time (no docking)	Template:Unbulleted list	Salyut 7 EO-3, Soyuz T-10, STS-41-B	Template:Unbulleted list	8 February 1984 – 11 February 1984
11 people in space at the same time (no docking)	Template:Unbulleted list	STS-41-C, Salyut 7 EO-3, Soyuz T-10-Soyuz T-11	Template:Unbulleted list	6 April 1984 – 11 April 1984
People to complete four spacewalks during the same mission	Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov	Salyut 7	Template:Flagicon USSR	26 April – 18 May 1984
Woman to enter space twice	Svetlana Savitskaya	Soyuz T-7, Soyuz T-12	Template:Flagicon USSR	17 July 1984
Spacewalk by a woman File:Svetlana Savitskaya, 7 December 2018.jpg	Svetlana Savitskaya	Soyuz T-12	Template:Flagicon USSR	25 July 1984
Welding in space	Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Svetlana Savitskaya	Salyut 7, Soyuz T-12	Template:Flagicon USSR	25 July 1984
People in orbit 33 weeks (7 months)	Leonid Kizim, Vladimir Solovyov, Oleg Atkov	Salyut 7 EO-3, Soyuz T-10-Soyuz T-11	Template:Flagicon USSR	8 February 1984 – 2 October 1984
Seven-person spaceflight in a single spacecraft File:STS 41-G crew photo taken on the flight deck of the Challenger during flight - STS41G-19-006.jpg	Template:Unbulleted list	STS-41-G	Template:Unbulleted list	5 October 1984 – 13 October 1984
Two women in space at the same time	Kathryn D. Sullivan, Sally K. Ride	STS-41-G	Template:Flagicon USA	5 October 1984 – 13 October 1984
Partial crew exchange at a space station	Alexander Volkov, Vladimir Vasyutin replace Vladimir Dzhanibekov	Soyuz T-14, Salyut 7	Template:Flagicon USSR	17 September 1985 – 26 September 1985
Eight-person spaceflight in a single spacecraft File:STS 61-A crew portrait onboard Challenger middeck.jpg	Template:Unbulleted list	STS-61-A	Template:Unbulleted list	30 October 1985 – 6 November 1985
Deaths during launch File:Challenger flight 51-l crew.jpg	Template:Unbulleted list	STS-51-L	Template:Flagicon USA	28 January 1986
Template:Bulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Soyuz T-15 from Mir to Salyut 7 back to Mir<ref name=kizimdead>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Flagicon USSR	15 March 1986 – 16 July 1986
Person to accumulate 1 year in space	Leonid Kizim	Soyuz T-3 Soyuz T-15 visiting Mir and Salyut 7	Template:Flagicon USSR	28 June 1986
Complete crew exchange at a space station	Vladimir Titov, Musa Manarov replace Yuri Romanenko, Alexander Alexandrov	Soyuz TM-4-Soyuz TM-2, Soyuz TM-3, at Mir	Template:Flagicon USSR	21 December 1987 – 29 December 1987
People in orbit 52 weeks (one year)	Vladimir Titov, Musa Manarov	Mir EO-3, Soyuz TM-4-Soyuz TM-6	Template:Flagicon USSR	21 December 1987 – 21 December 1988
Submariner in space File:Astronaut michael mcculley.jpg	Michael J. McCulley	STS-34	Template:Flagicon USA	18 October 1989 – 23 October 1989
12 people in space at the same time (no docking)	Template:Unbulleted list	STS-35, Mir EO-7, Soyuz TM-10Soyuz TM-11	Template:Unbulleted list	2 December 1990 – 10 December 1990
Civilian to use a commercial space flight, and journalist to report on space from outer space File:Toyohiro-Akiyama-First-Japanese-Person-in-Space-1990.png	Toyohiro Akiyama – Japan	Soyuz TM-10, Soyuz TM-11	Template:Flagicon Japan	2 December 1990 – 10 December 1990
Three women in space at the same time	Millie Hughes-Fulford, Tamara E. Jernigan, M. Rhea Seddon	STS-40	Template:Flagicon USA	5 June 1991 – 14 June 1991
Three-person spacewalk File:Three Crew Members Capture Intelsat VI - GPN-2000-001035.jpg	Template:Unbulleted list	STS-49	Template:Flagicon USA	13 May 1992
Married couple in space	Mark C. Lee, Jan Davis	STS-47	Template:Flagicon USA	12 September 1992 – 20 September 1992
13 people in space at the same time (no docking)	Template:Unbulleted list	STS-67, Mir, Soyuz TM-20, Soyuz TM-21	Template:Unbulleted list	14 March 1995 – 18 March 1995
Ten people in a single spacecraft (docking) File:Crewmembers of STS-71, Mir-18 and Mir-19 Pose for Inflight Picture - GPN-2002-000061 rotated.jpg	Template:Unbulleted list	STS-71, Mir, Soyuz TM-21	Template:Unbulleted list	29 June 1995 – 4 July 1995
Person to accumulate 2 years in space	Sergey Avdeev	Soyuz TM-15 (Mir EO-12) Soyuz TM-22 (Mir EO-20) Soyuz TM-28/Soyuz TM-29 Mir EO 27	Template:Flagicon Russia	10 July 1999
Woman to command a space mission File:Commander Eileen Collins - GPN-2000-001177.jpg	Eileen Collins	STS-93	Template:Flagicon USA	23 July 1999 – 27 July 1999
Space tourist File:Dennis Tito.jpg	Dennis Tito	Soyuz TM-32/31, ISS EP-1	Template:Unbulleted list	April 28, 2001 – May 6, 2001
Person to complete seven trips to space File:Jerry Ross.jpg	Jerry L. Ross	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon USA	19 April 2002
Deaths during re-entry File:Crew of STS-107, official photo.jpg	Template:Unbulleted list	STS-107	Template:Flagicon USA	1 February 2003
Privately funded human space flight (suborbital) File:Kluft-photo-SS1-landing-June-2004-Img 1406c.jpg	Mike Melvill	SpaceShipOne flight 15P	Template:Flagicon USA	21 June 2004
13 people in a single spacecraft (docking)<ref name=MostExtreme/> File:STS-127 group picture 03.jpg	Template:Unbulleted list	ISS, Soyuz TMA-14, Soyuz TMA-15, STS-127	Template:Unbulleted list	17 July 2009
People to fly together three times on different missions	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon USA	28 August 2009
Four women in space at the same time (docking) File:STS-131 and Expedition 23 Group Portrait.jpg	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	5 April 2010 – 20 April 2010
Thirty-ninth launch. orbital flight, and landing of a reusable crewed spacecraft	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	24 February 2011 – 9 March 2011
Six spacecraft docked to a space station	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	9 July 2018
Template:Bulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	18 October 2019
Template:Bulleted list<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> File:Crew Dragon Demo-2 Bob and Doug.jpg	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	30 May 2020 – 31 May 2020
16 people in space (50 miles) at the same time (no docking)	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	11 July 2021
14 people in space (100 km) at the same time (no docking)	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	20 July 2021
Template:Bulleted list File:Inspiration4 crew visits NASA's JSC.jpg	Template:Unbulleted list	Inspiration4	Template:Flagicon USA	16 September 2021 – 18 September 2021
Template:Bulleted list File:Dr. Sian Proctor at Launch Complex 39A.jpg	Template:Unbulleted list	Inspiration4	Template:Flagicon USA	16 September 2021 – 18 September 2021
Template:Bulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Inspiration4	Template:Flagicon USA	16 September 2021 – 18 September 2021
14 people in orbit at the same time (no docking)	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	16 September 2021 – 17 September 2021
19 people in space (100 km) at the same time (no docking)	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	11 December 2021
Template:Bulleted list File:Axiom Crew Portrait.jpg	Template:Unbulleted list	Axiom Mission 1 To ISS	Template:Unbulleted list	8 April 2022 – 18 April 2022
Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	5 June 2022 – Present
5 women in space at the same time (no docking)	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	5 October 2022 – 14 October 2022
20 people in space (50 miles) at the same time (no docking)	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	25 May 2023
17 people in orbit at the same time (no docking)	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	30 May 2023 – 31 May 2023
Seven spacecraft docked to a space station<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	25 March 2024
Person to accumulate 1000 days in space	Oleg Kononenko	Expedition 71	Template:Flagicon Russia	5 June 2024
Woman to fly on the maiden crewed flight of an orbital spacecraft	Sunita Williams	Boeing CFT	Template:Flagicon USA	5 June 2024
Person to accumulate 3 years in space File:Oleg Kononenko Official Portrait (jsc2023e052791).jpg	Oleg Kononenko	Soyuz TMA-12 (Expedition 17) Soyuz TMA-03M (Expedition 30/31) Soyuz TMA-17M (Expedition 44/45) Soyuz MS-11 (Expedition 57/58/59) Soyuz MS-24/MS-25 (Expedition 69/70/71) Expedition 71	Template:Flagicon Russia	9 September 2024
19 people in orbit at the same time (no docking)	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	11 September 2024 – 15 September 2024
Template:Bulleted list File:Polaris Dawn crew.jpg	Jared Isaacman Scott Poteet Sarah Gillis Anna Menon	Polaris Dawn	Template:Flagicon USA	12 September 2024
First humans to polar retrograde orbit,<ref>Template:Cite tweet</ref> i.e., to fly over Earth's North and South poles	Chun Wang Jannicke Mikkelsen Rabea Rogge Eric Philips	Fram2	Template:Flag Template:Flag Template:FlagTemplate:Nnbsp/Template:NnbspTemplate:FlagTemplate:Efn Template:FlagTemplate:Nnbsp/Template:NnbspTemplate:FlagTemplate:Efn	1 April 2025
9 women in space at the same time (no docking)	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:FlagiconUSA Template:FlagiconChina Template:Flagicon Bahamas	14 April 2025

Most spaceflights

Most launches from Earth

• 10 launches
  • Frederick W. Sturckow (USA), Space Shuttle and SpaceShipTwo (1998–2024)

Note: The six SpaceShipTwo flights surpass the U.S. definition of spaceflight (Template:Convert), but fall short of the Kármán line (Template:Convert), the definition used for FAI space recordkeeping.

Most orbital launches from Earth

• 7 launches
  • Jerry L. Ross (USA<ref name=MostExtreme/>), Space Shuttle (1985–2002)
  • Franklin Chang Díaz (Costa Rica/USA<ref name=MostExtreme/>), Space Shuttle (1986–2002)

Most orbital launches overall

• 7 launches
  • John W. Young (USA<ref name="bio">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>) launched from Earth 6 times (two Gemini, two Apollo Command Module, two Space Shuttle) and from the Moon once (Apollo Lunar Module Ascent Stage) (1965–1983)

• • Jerry L. Ross (USA<ref name=MostExtreme/>), Space Shuttle (1985–2002)
  • Franklin Chang Díaz (Costa Rica/USA*<ref name=MostExtreme/>), Space Shuttle (1986–2002)

Largest number of different spacecraft at launch (from Earth only)

• 3 spacecraft
  • Walter Schirra (USA) – launched aboard a Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo (1962–1968)
  • John W. Young (USA) – launched aboard a Gemini, Apollo, and Space Shuttle (1965–1983)
  • Soichi Noguchi (Japan) – launched aboard a Space Shuttle, Soyuz, and SpaceX Crew Dragon (2005–2020)
  • Shane Kimbrough (USA) – launched aboard a Space Shuttle, Soyuz, and SpaceX Crew Dragon (2008–2021)
  • Akihiko Hoshide (Japan) – launched aboard a Space Shuttle, Soyuz, and SpaceX Crew Dragon (2008–2021)
  • Thomas Marshburn (USA) – launched aboard a Space Shuttle, Soyuz, and SpaceX Crew Dragon (2007–2021)
  • Koichi Wakata (Japan) – launched aboard a Space Shuttle, Soyuz, and SpaceX Crew Dragon (1996–2022)
  • Peggy Whitson (USA) – launched aboard a Space Shuttle, Soyuz, and SpaceX Crew Dragon (2002–2023)
  • Michael López-Alegría (USA) – launched aboard a Space Shuttle, Soyuz, and SpaceX Crew Dragon (1995–2024)
  • Michael Barratt (USA) – launched aboard a Soyuz, Space Shuttle, and SpaceX Crew Dragon (2009–2024)
  • Barry Wilmore (USA) – launched aboard a Space Shuttle, Soyuz, and Boeing Starliner (2009–2024)
  • Sunita Williams (USA) – launched aboard a Space Shuttle, Soyuz, and Boeing Starliner (2006–2024)

Largest number of different launch vehicles (overall)

• 4 launch vehicles
  • John W. Young (USA) – launched from Earth aboard a Gemini, Apollo, and Space Shuttle, and launched from the Moon aboard the Apollo Lunar Module Ascent Stage

Largest number of different launch sites

• 3 sites - Only orbital launches from Earth
  • Sunita Williams (USA) – Kennedy Space Center (aboard a Space Shuttle in 2006), Baikonur Cosmodrome (aboard a Soyuz capsule in 2012), Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (aboard a Starliner capsule in 2024).
  • Barry E. Wilmore (USA) – Kennedy Space Center (aboard a Space Shuttle in 2009), Baikonur Cosmodrome (aboard a Soyuz capsule in 2014), Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (aboard a Starliner capsule in 2024).

• 3 sites - Only orbital launches
  • Neil Armstrong (USA) – Cape Kennedy Air Force Station (aboard a Gemini capsule in 1966), Kennedy Space Center (aboard an Apollo capsule in 1969), Tranquility Base (from the Moon aboard an Apollo Lunar Module, in 1969).
  • Buzz Aldrin (USA) – Cape Kennedy Air Force Station (aboard a Gemini capsule in 1966), Kennedy Space Center (aboard an Apollo capsule in 1969), Tranquility Base (from the Moon aboard an Apollo Lunar Module, in 1969).
  • Pete Conrad (USA) – Cape Kennedy Air Force Station (twice aboard a Gemini capsule 1965-1966), Kennedy Space Center (twice aboard an Apollo capsule 1969–1973), Ocean of Storms (from the Moon aboard an Apollo Lunar Module, in 1969).
  • Alan Shepard (USA) – Cape Kennedy Air Force Station (aboard a Mercury capsule in 1961), Kennedy Space Center (aboard an Apollo capsule in 1971), Fra Mauro (from the Moon aboard an Apollo Lunar Module, in 1971).
  • David Scott (USA) – Cape Kennedy Air Force Station (aboard a Gemini capsule in 1966), Kennedy Space Center (twice aboard an Apollo capsule 1969–1971), Hadley Rille (from the Moon aboard an Apollo Lunar Module, in 1971).
  • John Young (USA) – Cape Kennedy Air Force Station (now Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, twice aboard a Gemini capsule 1965–1966), Kennedy Space Center (four times, twice aboard an Apollo capsule 1969–1971, twice aboard a Space Shuttle 1981–1983), Descartes Highlands (from the Moon aboard an Apollo Lunar Module, in 1972).
  • Gene Cernan (USA) – Cape Kennedy Air Force Station (aboard a Gemini capsule in 1966), Kennedy Space Center (twice aboard an Apollo capsule 1969–1972), Taurus–Littrow (from the Moon aboard an Apollo Lunar Module, in 1972).

• 3 sites
  • Frederick W. Sturckow (USA) – Kennedy Space Center (four times aboard a Space Shuttle 1998–2010), Mojave Air and Space Port (aboard a Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo in 2018), and Spaceport America (also aboard a SpaceShipTwo, five times 2021–2024).

Notes:

• Seven of the twelve Apollo program moonwalkers launched from what was then called Cape Kennedy Air Force Station as part of the Mercury or Gemini programs. On their respective Lunar Landing Mission those seven launched twice. All Apollo Lunar Landing missions that landed on the moon launched from the Kennedy Space Center and when the lunar surface portion of their mission was complete, launched from the surface of the moon to meet up with the Apollo Command Module in lunar orbit.
• SpaceShipTwo flights are suborbital. SpaceShipTwo flights surpass the U.S. definition of spaceflight (Template:Convert), but fall short of the Kármán line (Template:Convert), the FAI definition used for most space recordkeeping.

Duration records

Total human spaceflight time by country

File:Treemap of astronauts by country 17Aug2024.png

Orbital space travelers (as of August 17th, 2024)

Most time in space

The record for most time in space is held by Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko, who has spent 1,111 days in space over five missions. He broke the record of Gennady Padalka on 4 February 2024 at 07:30:08 UTC during his fifth spaceflight aboard Soyuz MS-24/25 for a one year long-duration mission on the ISS.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He later became the first person to stay 900, 1,000, and 1,100 days in space on 25 February 2024, 4 June 2024, and 12 September 2024 respectively.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Gennady Padalka is currently second, having spent 878 days in space. He himself had broken the all-time duration record on 28 June 2015 when he surpassed the previous record holder, cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev, who spent 803 days, 9 hours and 39 minutes (about 2.2 years) during six spaceflights on Soyuz, the Space Shuttle, Mir, and the International Space Station.<ref name="skk2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=p4n>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Russian astronaut record-breaker Padalka returns to Earth, BBC News, 12 September 2015</ref>

Template:As of,<ref name="Spacefacts">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} The current missions are listed but not included in day count.</ref> the 50 space travelers with the most total time in space are:

Color key:

• Template:Legend2
• Template:Legend2
• Template:Legend2
• Template:Legend2

Rank	Person	Days	Flights	Status	Nationality
1	Oleg Kononenko	1110.623	5	Active	Template:Flag
2	Gennady Padalka	878.478	5	Retired	Template:Flag
3	Yuri Malenchenko	827.389	6	Retired	Template:Flag
4	Sergei Krikalev	803.371	6	Retired	Template:Flag / Template:Flag
5	Aleksandr Kaleri	769.276	5	Retired	Template:Flag
6	Sergei Avdeev	747.593	3	Retired	Template:Flag / Template:Flag
7	Anton Shkaplerov	709.336	4	Retired	Template:Flag
8	Valeri Polyakov	678.690	2	Deceased	Template:Flag / Template:Flag
9	Peggy Whitson	675.158	4	Active	Template:Flag
10	Fyodor Yurchikhin	672.860	5	Retired	Template:Flag
11	Anatoly Solovyev	651.117	5	Retired	Template:Flag / Template:Flag
12	Sunita Williams	608.014	3	Active	Template:Flag
13	Aleksey Ovchinin	595.185	3	Active	Template:Flag
14	Donald Pettit	590.068	4	Active	Template:Flag
15	Sergey Prokopyev	567.633	2	Active	Template:Flag
16	Oleg Artemyev	560.754	3	Active	Template:Flag
17	Viktor Afanasyev	555.772	4	Retired	Template:Flag / Template:Flag
18	Yury Usachov	552.934	4	Retired	Template:Flag
19	Sergey Volkov	547.931	3	Retired	Template:Flag
20	Pavel Vinogradov	546.939	3	Retired	Template:Flag
21	Aleksandr Skvortsov	545.964	3	Retired	Template:Flag
22	Oleg Novitsky	545.069	4	Active	Template:Flag
23	Musa Manarov	541.021	2	Retired	Template:Flag / Template:FlagTemplate:NoteTag
24	Oleg Skripochka	536.159	3	Retired	Template:Flag
25	Jeffrey Williams	534.116	4	Retired	Template:Flag
26	Mikhail Tyurin	532.118	3	Retired	Template:Flag
27	Oleg Kotov	526.211	3	Retired	Template:Flag
28	Mark T. Vande Hei	523.374	2	Active	Template:Flag
29	Scott Kelly	520.440	4	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>||Template:Flag
30	Mikhail Kornienko	516.417	2	Retired	Template:Flag
31	Koichi Wakata	504.773	5	Active	Template:Flag
32	Aleksandr Viktorenko	489.066	4	Deceased	Template:Flag / Template:Flag
33	Anatoli Ivanishin	476.195	3	Retired	Template:Flag
34	Barry E. Wilmore	464.335	3	Active	Template:Flag
35	Michael Barratt	446.640	3	Active	Template:Flag
36	Nikolai Budarin	444.060	3	Retired	Template:Flag
37	Yuri Romanenko	430.765	3	Retired	Template:Flag
38	Ivan Vagner	416.157	2	Active	Template:Flag
39	Sergey Ryzhikov	Template:Sum	3	Active	Template:Flag
40	Thomas Pesquet	396.482	2	Active	Template:Flag
41	Aleksandr Volkov	391.495	3	Retired	Template:Flag / Template:Flag
42	Yury Onufriyenko	389.615	2	Retired	Template:Flag
43	Shane Kimbrough	388.728	3	Retired	Template:Flag
44	Vladimir Titov	387.031	4	Retired	Template:Flag / Template:Flag
45	Vasily Tsibliyev	381.662	2	Retired	Template:Flag
46	Valery Korzun	381.653	2	Retired	Template:Flag
47	Michael Fincke	381.633	3	Active	Template:Flag
48	Christopher Cassidy	377.742	3	Retired	Template:Flag
49	Leonid Kizim	374.749	3	Deceased	Template:Flag
50	Ye Guangfu	374.582	2	Active	Template:Flag

Ten longest human spaceflights

#	Time in space	Crew	Country	Launch date (Launch craft)	Landing date (Landing craft)	Space station or mission type
1	437.7 days<ref name=NYT>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=SpaceYearMis/>	Valeri Polyakov<ref name=NYT/>	{{#invoke:flag	}}	1994-01-08 (Soyuz TM-18)	1995-03-22 (Soyuz TM-20)	Mir<ref name=NYT/>
2	379.6 days<ref name=SpaceYearMis/>	Sergey Avdeev<ref name=SpaceYearMis/>	{{#invoke:flag	}}	1998-08-13 (Soyuz TM-28)	1999-08-28 (Soyuz TM-29)	Mir<ref name=SpaceYearMis/>
3	373.8 days	Oleg Kononenko	{{#invoke:flag	}}	2023-09-15 (Soyuz MS-24)	2024-09-23 (Soyuz MS-25)	International Space Station
		Nikolai Chub
4	370.9 days	Sergey Prokopyev	{{#invoke:flag	}}	2022-09-21 (Soyuz MS-22)	2023-09-27 (Soyuz MS-23)	International Space Station
		Dmitry Petelin
		Francisco Rubio	Template:USA
5	365.9 days<ref name=SpaceYearMis>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Vladimir Titov<ref name=SpaceYearMis/>	Template:USSR	1987-12-21 (Soyuz TM-4)	1988-12-21 (Soyuz TM-6)	Mir<ref name=SpaceYearMis/>
		Musa Manarov<ref name=SpaceYearMis/>
6	355.2 days<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Pyotr Dubrov	{{#invoke:flag	}}	2021-04-09 (Soyuz MS-18)	2022-03-30 (Soyuz MS-19)	International Space Station
		Mark T. Vande Hei	Template:USA
7	340.4 days	Mikhail Kornienko	{{#invoke:flag	}}	2015-03-27 (Soyuz TMA-16M)	2016-03-01 (Soyuz TMA-18M)	International Space Station, ISS year-long mission
		Scott Kelly	Template:USA
8	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Kochrecords"/>	Christina Koch<ref name=Kochrecords>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:USA	2019-03-15 (Soyuz MS-12)	2020-02-06 (Soyuz MS-13)	International Space Station
9	326.5 days<ref name=GiantD>Template:Cite book</ref>	Yuri Romanenko<ref name=GiantD/>	Template:USSR	1987-02-05 (Soyuz TM-2)	1987-12-29 (Soyuz TM-3)	Mir<ref name=GiantD/>
10	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Sergei Krikalev<ref name=WarNYT/>	Template:USSR/{{#invoke:flag	}}	1991-05-18 (Soyuz TM-12)	1992-03-25 (Soyuz TM-13)	Mir<ref name=WarNYT/>

Longest single flight by a woman

NASA astronaut Christina Koch holds the record for the longest single spaceflight by a woman (328 days), returning on February 6, 2020.<ref name="Kochrecords"/> During Expedition 61, she surpassed NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson's 289 days from 2016-2017.

Longest continuous occupation of space

An international partnership consisting of Russia, the United States, Canada, Japan, and the member states of the European Space Agency have jointly maintained a continuous human presence in space since 31 October 2000 when Soyuz TM-31 was launched. Two days later, it docked with the International Space Station.<ref name=MostExtreme/><ref name=10Year>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Since then space has been continuously occupied for Template:Age in years and days.<ref name=MostExtreme/>

Longest continuous occupation of a spacecraft

The International Space Station has been continuously occupied by a Russian and US crew member since 2 November 2000 (Template:Age in years and days).<ref name=MostExtreme/><ref name=10Year/> It broke the record of 9 years and 358 days of the Soviet/Russian Space Station Mir on 23 October 2010.<ref name=10Year/>

Longest solo flight

Valery Bykovsky flew solo for 4 days, 23 hours in Vostok 5 from 14 to 19 June 1963.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} This only counts the duration of solo flight within a mission, so a longer mission with solo flight, such as Apollo 17 at 12d+13h duration is surpassed because the solo undocked duration was only 3d+7h.)</ref> The flight set a space endurance record which was broken in 1965 by the (non-solo) Gemini 5 flight. The Apollo program included long solo spaceflight, and during the Apollo 16 mission, Ken Mattingly orbited solo around the Moon for more than 3 days and 9 hours.

Longest time on the lunar surface

Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt of the Apollo 17 mission stayed for 74 hours 59 minutes and 40 seconds (over 3 days) on the lunar surface after they landed on 11 December 1972.<ref name=NASAAP17>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> They performed three EVAs (extra-vehicular activity) totaling 22 hours 3 minutes, 57 seconds. As Apollo commanders were the first to leave the LM and the last to get back in, Cernan's EVA time was slightly longer.<ref name=NASAAP17/>

Longest time in lunar orbit

Ronald Evans of Apollo 17 mission stayed in lunar orbit for 6 days and 4 hours (148 hours)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> along with five mice. For the solo portion of a flight around the Moon, Ken Mattingly on Apollo 16 spent 1 hour 38 minutes longer than Evans' solo duration.

Speed and altitude records

Farthest humans from Earth

The Apollo 13 crew (Jim Lovell, Fred Haise, and Jack Swigert), while passing over the far side of the Moon at an altitude of Template:Convert from the lunar surface, were Template:Convert from Earth.<ref name="Apollo13History">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This record-breaking distance was reached at 00:21 UTC on 15 April 1970.<ref name="Apollo13History"/>

Highest altitude for crewed non-lunar mission

Polaris Dawn crew Jared Isaacman, Scott Poteet, Sarah Gillis and Anna Menon fired their Crew Dragon Resilience's Draco thrusters on 11 September 2024 at 00:27 UTC, at 15 hours and 4 minutes after liftoff and achieved a record apogee altitude of Template:Convert.<ref name="Polaris Dawn Mission Overview Briefing">Template:Cite AV media</ref>

Fastest

Template:See also The Apollo 10 crew (Thomas Stafford, John W. Young and Eugene Cernan) achieved the highest speed relative to Earth ever attained by humans: 39,897 kilometers per hour (11,082 meters per second or 24,791 miles per hour, about 32 times the speed of sound and 0.0037% of the speed of light).<ref name=MostExtreme>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The record was set 26 May 1969.<ref name=MostExtreme/>

The record for uncrewed spacecraft is held by the Parker Solar Probe at 191.7 km/s, about 1/1600 (or 0.064%) the speed of light, relative to the Sun. This speed was first reached in December 2024.

Age records

File:Wally Funk 2012.jpg

Wally Funk flew in July 2021

File:Joseph Albert Walker.jpg

Joe Walker in 1961

Earliest-born to reach space

Suborbital flight

• Man – Joe Walker (born 20 February 1921), on X-15 Flight 90 on 19 July 1963 (about 12 minutes.)
• Woman – Wally Funk (born 1 February 1939), on Blue Origin NS-16, on 20 July 2021 (about 10 minutes.)

Orbital spaceflight

• Man – Georgy Beregovoy (born 15 April 1921), on Soyuz 3 on 26 October 1968 (81 orbits in about 4 days.)
• Woman – Valentina Tereshkova (born 6 March 1937), on Vostok 6 on 16–19 June 1963 (48 orbits, about 3 days.)

Youngest

Suborbital flight

• Man – Oliver Daemen (aged Template:Age in years, months and days), on Blue Origin NS-16, on 20 July 2021 (about 10 minutes.)
• Woman – Anastatia Mayers (aged Template:Age in years, months and days), on Galactic 02, on 10 August 2023 (about 5 minutes.)

Orbital spaceflight

• Man – Gherman Titov (aged Template:Age in years, months and days), on Vostok 2 on 6 August 1961 (17.5 orbits, about 1 day.)<ref name=MostExtreme/>
• Woman – Valentina Tereshkova (aged Template:Age in years, months and days), on Vostok 6 on 16–19 June 1963 (48 orbits, about 3 days.)

Oldest

Suborbital flight

• Man: Ed Dwight (aged Template:Age in years, months and days), on Blue Origin NS-25, on 19 May 2024 (about 10 minutes).
• Woman: Wally Funk (aged Template:Age in years, months and days), on Blue Origin NS-16, on 20 July 2021 (about 10 minutes).

Orbital spaceflight

• Man: John Glenn (aged Template:Age in years, months and days), on STS-95 on 29 October 1998 (about 9 days, 20 hours).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Woman: Peggy Whitson (aged Template:Age in years, months and days), on Axiom Mission 2 on 21 May 2023 (9 days, 5 hours and 27 minutes).<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>

Spacewalk

Youngest

• Man – Alexei Leonov (aged Template:Age in years, months and days), during Voskhod 2.
• Woman – Sarah Gillis, (aged Template:Age in years, months and days), during Polaris Dawn.

Oldest

• Man – Michael Barratt (aged Template:Age in years, months and days), during ISS Expedition 71.
• Woman – Sunita Williams (aged Template:Age in years, months and days), during ISS Expedition 72.

Spacewalk records

Most spacewalks (number and duration)

Both of these are the record for the largest total number of spacewalks by a male and a female, and the most cumulative time spent on spacewalks by a male and a female.

• Man – Anatoly Solovyev, 16 spacewalks for a total time of 82 hours, 21 minutes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Woman (number) – Peggy Whitson, 10 spacewalks for a total time of 60 hours, 21 minutes.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="evanine">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="EVA2017">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Woman (cumulative time) – Sunita Williams, 9 spacewalks for a total time of 62 hours, and 6 minutes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Most spacewalks during a single mission

• 7: Anatoly Solovyev, during Expedition 24 on the Soviet/Russian space station Mir, in 1997–98. (Two were internal "spacewalks" inside a depressurized module.)
• 7: Andrew Morgan, during his first spaceflight on board the ISS for Expedition 60/61/62 in 2019–2020, he spent 45 hours and 48 minutes outside the station.

Longest spacewalks

• Man – Cai Xuzhe and Song Lingdong, 9 hours 6 minutes, during the Shenzhou 19 mission on 17 December 2024, as they installed space debris protection devices on the exterior of the Tiangong Space Station.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Woman – Susan Helms, 8 hours 56 minutes, along with James Voss on an ISS assembly mission during Shuttle mission STS-102 on 11 March 2001. The spacewalkers were delayed early in their excursion when a device to help hold an astronaut's feet to the shuttle's robot arm became untethered,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Voss had to retrieve a spare from storage on the exterior of the station's Unity module. After about six hours of work, the pair reentered Space Shuttle Discovery's airlock.

Greatest distance from a spacecraft during a spacewalk

• All-time (and while on a planetary body<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>): 7.6 kilometers<ref name="transcript">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Rp (4.7 miles, 25,029 feet<ref name="eva table">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>), Apollo 17, Gene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt, EVA-2, December 12, 1972. During their second of three moonwalks, Cernan and Schmitt rode the Lunar Roving Vehicle to geological station 2, Nansen Crater, at the foot of the South Massif. As all spacewalks not occurring on a planetary body (the Moon) have involved short maximum distances from the spacecraft (see below), this remains the furthest distance that humans have traveled away from the safety of a pressurizable spacecraft, during an EVA of any type.

• Orbital flight: about 100 meters (or 330 feet), Bruce McCandless, STS-41-B, February 7, 1984. With the exception of six Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) sorties in 1984 and a test of the Simplified Aid For EVA Rescue (SAFER) in 1994, all other orbital spacewalks have involved a safety tether, anchoring the spacefarer to the spacecraft at a short distance. Among the former untethered spacewalks, Bruce McCandless' first test of the MMU established an orbital EVA distance record from a spacecraft which remained unbroken by later untethered EVAs.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Animal records

First animals in space

The first animals to enter space were fruit flies launched by the United States in 1947 aboard a V-2 rocket to an altitude of Template:Convert.<ref name=spaceanimals/> They were also the first animals to safely return from space.<ref name=spaceanimals>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Albert II, a rhesus monkey, became the first mammal in space aboard a U.S. V-2 rocket on June 14, 1949, and died on reentry due to a parachute failure. The first dogs in space were launched 22 July 1951 aboard a Soviet R-1V. "Tsygin" and "Dezik" reached a height of Template:Cvt and safely parachuted back to Earth. This flight preceded the first American canine space mission by two weeks.<ref name="rsp">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp

First animal in orbit

Laika was a Soviet female canine launched on 3 November 1957 on Sputnik 2. The technology to de-orbit had not yet been developed, so there was no expectation for survival. She died several hours into flight. Belka and Strelka became the first canines to safely return to Earth from orbit on 19 August 1960.

First Hominidae in space

On 31 January 1961, through NASA's Mercury-Redstone 2 mission the chimpanzee Ham became the first great ape in space.<ref name="My steps for Bataan">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Longest canine single flight

Soviet space dogs {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, "Light Wind") and {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, "Ember") were launched on 22 February 1966 on board Cosmos 110 and spent 22 days in orbit before landing on 16 March.

First animals beyond low Earth orbit

An assortment of animals including a pair of Russian tortoises, as well as wine flies and mealworms flew around the Moon with a number of other biological specimens including seeds and bacteria on a circumlunar mission aboard the Soviet Zond 5 spacecraft on 18 September 1968.<ref name=spaceanimals /> It had been launched by a Proton-K rocket on 14 September.<ref name=spaceanimals />

Zond 5 came within Template:Convert of the Moon and then successfully returned to Earth, the first spacecraft in history to return safely to Earth from the Moon.<ref name=spaceanimals />

Notable uncrewed or non-human spaceflights

In reference to:	Spacecraft	Event	Origin	Date
Earth	MW 18014 (A-4(V-2))	First rocket to reach space (suborbital flight).	Template:Flagicon Germany	20 June 1944
Earth	V-2 No. 20	First living organisms (fruit flies) in space (suborbital flight). Successfully recovered.	Template:Flagicon USA	20 February 1947
Earth	V-2 No. 47	First mammal in space, Albert II, a rhesus monkey (suborbital flight). Died in capsule parachute failure.	Template:Flagicon USA	14 June 1949
Earth	R-1V<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	First dogs in space (suborbital flight). Successfully recovered.	Template:Flagicon USSR	22 July 1951
Earth	Sputnik 1	First satellite in orbit.<ref name="flight1967-03-23" />	Template:Flagicon USSR	4 October 1957
Earth	Sputnik 2	First animal in orbit, Laika, a dog.	Template:Flagicon USSR	3 November 1957
Earth	Vanguard 1	Oldest satellite still in orbit, in addition to its upper launch stage. Expected to stay in orbit 240 years. Ceased transmission in May 1964.	Template:Flagicon USA	17 March 1958
Earth	Pioneer 1	Failed to reach the Moon as intended, but reached a record–setting distance of Template:Convert from Earth.	Template:Flagicon USA	11 October 1958
Earth	Luna 1	First spacecraft to achieve Earth's escape velocity.	Template:Flagicon USSR	4 January 1959
Moon	Luna 1	First flyby. Distance of Template:Convert.	Template:Flagicon USSR	4 January 1959
Sun	Luna 1	First spacecraft in heliocentric orbit.	Template:Flagicon USSR	4 January 1959
Moon	Luna 2	First impact on another celestial body.<ref name="flight1967-03-23" />	Template:Flagicon USSR	14 September 1959
Moon	Luna 3	First image of lunar far-side.<ref name="flight1967-03-23" />	Template:Flagicon USSR	7 October 1959
Earth	Discoverer 13	First satellite recovered from orbit.<ref name="flight1967-03-23" />	Template:Flagicon USA	11 August 1960
Earth	Korabl-Sputnik 2	First living beings recovered from orbit.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Flagicon USSR	19 August 1960
Earth	Mercury-Redstone 2	First great ape or Hominidae in space, Ham, a chimpanzee (suborbital flight).<ref name="My steps for Bataan"/>	Template:Flagicon USA	31 January 1961
Venus	Venera 1	First flyby. Distance of Template:Convert (lost communication contact before).<ref name="flight1967-03-23" />	Template:Flagicon USSR	19 May 1961
Moon	Ranger 4	First spacecraft to impact the far side of the Moon.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>	Template:Flagicon USA	26 April 1962
Earth	Alouette 1	First satellite designed and constructed by a country other than the USA or USSR (the British satellite Ariel 1, launched five months earlier, was designed and constructed by the USA).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Flagicon Canada	29 September 1962
Venus	Mariner 2	First planetary flyby with communication contact. Distance of Template:Convert.	Template:Flagicon USA	14 December 1962
Earth	Lincoln Calibration Sphere 1	Oldest spacecraft still in use (59 years Template:As of).	Template:Flagicon USA	6 May 1965
Mars	Mariner 4	First flyby and first planetary imaging. Distance of Template:Convert.	Template:Flagicon USA	14 July 1965
Earth	Astérix	First satellite launched independently by a nation other than the USA or USSR (other nations had previously flown satellites launched on American rockets).	Template:Flagicon France	26 November 1965
Moon	Luna 9	First soft landing and first pictures from the lunar surface.<ref name="flight1967-03-23" />	Template:Flagicon USSR	3 February 1966
Earth	Kosmos 110	First seeds to germinate in space.	Template:Flagicon USSR	22 February 1966
Venus	Venera 3	First impact.<ref name="flight1967-03-23" />	Template:Flagicon USSR	1 March 1966
Moon	Luna 10	First orbiter.<ref name="flight1967-03-23" />	Template:Flagicon USSR	3 April 1966
Docking	Cosmos 186, Cosmos 188	First automated docking of uncrewed spacecraft.	Template:Flagicon USSR	30 October 1967
Moon	Surveyor 6	First planned, controlled, powered flight from the surface of another body.	Template:Flagicon USA	17 November 1967
Moon	Zond 5	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon USSR	15 September 1968
Moon	Luna 16	First automated sample return.	Template:Flagicon USSR	24 September 1970
Moon	Luna 17	First robotic roving vehicle, Lunokhod 1.	Template:Flagicon USSR	17 November 1970
Venus	Venera 7	First soft landing on another planet.	Template:Flagicon USSR	15 December 1970
Earth	Salyut 1	First space station.	Template:Flagicon USSR	19 April 1971
Mars	Mariner 9	First orbiter.	Template:Flagicon USA	14 November 1971
Mars	Mars 2	First impact.	Template:Flagicon USSR	27 November 1971
Mars	Mars 3	First soft landing. Maintained telemetry signal for 20 seconds before transmissions ceased.	Template:Flagicon USSR	2 December 1971
Sun	Pioneer 10	First spacecraft to achieve the Sun's escape velocity.	Template:Flagicon USA	3 March 1972
Jupiter	Pioneer 10	First flyby. Distance of Template:Convert.	Template:Flagicon USA	4 December 1973
Mercury	Mariner 10	First flyby. Distance of Template:Convert.	Template:Flagicon USA	29 March 1974
Venus	Venera 9	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon USSR	22 October 1975
Mars	Viking 1	First surface-level imaging of Mars.	Template:Flagicon USA	20 July 1976
Saturn	Pioneer 11	First flyby. Distance of Template:Convert.	Template:Flagicon USA	1 September 1979
Venus	Venera 13	First sound recording made on another planet.	Template:Flagicon USSR	1 March 1982
Orbital Space Station	Soyuz T-5, Salyut 7	First species of plant to flower in space.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Arabidopsis thaliana Valentin Lebedev.	Template:Flagicon USSR	1 July 1982
Trans-Neptunian region	Pioneer 10	First to travel past the orbit of Neptune, the furthest major planet from the Sun.	Template:Flagicon USA	13 June 1983
Venus	Vega 1	First helium balloon atmospheric probe. First flight (as opposed to atmospheric entry) in another planet's atmosphere.	Template:Flagicon USSR	11 June 1985
Comet Giacobini-Zinner	International Cometary Explorer (ICE)	First flyby through a comet tail (no pictures). Distance of Template:Convert.	Template:Flagicon USA	11 September 1985
Uranus	Voyager 2	First flyby. Distance of Template:Convert.	Template:Flagicon USA	24 January 1986
Comet Halley	Vega 1	First comet flyby (with pictures returned). Distance of Template:Convert.	Template:Flagicon USSR	6 March 1986
Earth	Mir Core Module, Kvant-1	First modular space station.	Template:Flagicon USSR	9 April 1987
Orbital Spaceplane	Buran	First fully automated orbital flight of a spaceplane (with airstrip landing).	Template:Flagicon USSR	15 November 1988
Phobos	Phobos 2	First flyby. Distance of Template:Convert.	Template:Flagicon USSR	21 February 1989
Neptune	Voyager 2	First flyby. Distance of Template:Convert.	Template:Flagicon USA	25 August 1989
Moon	Hiten	First lunar probe launched by a country other than the USA or USSR.	Template:Flagicon Japan	18 March 1990
951 Gaspra	Galileo	First asteroid flyby. Distance of Template:Convert.	Template:Flagicon USA	29 October 1991
Jupiter	Galileo probe	First impact.	Template:Flagicon USA	7 December 1995
Jupiter	Galileo	First orbiter.	Template:Flagicon USA	8 December 1995
Mars	Mars Pathfinder	First automated roving vehicle, Sojourner.	Template:Flagicon USA	4 July 1997
433 Eros	NEAR Shoemaker	First asteroid orbiter.	Template:Flagicon USA	14 February 2000
433 Eros	NEAR Shoemaker	First asteroid soft landing.	Template:Flagicon USA	12 February 2001
Saturn	Cassini orbiter	First orbiter.	Template:Unbulleted list	1 July 2004
Solar wind	Genesis	First sample return from farther than the Moon.	Template:Flagicon USA	8 September 2004
Titan	Huygens probe	First soft landing.	Template:Unbulleted list	14 January 2005
Comet Tempel 1	Deep Impact	First comet impact.	Template:Flagicon USA	4 July 2005
25143 Itokawa	Hayabusa	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon Japan	19 November 2005
81P/Wild	Stardust	First sample return from comet.	Template:Flagicon USA	15 January 2006
Earth	Voyager 1	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon USA	Template:As of<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Longest time in operation	Voyager 2	Longest continually operating space probe (since August 1977).	Template:Flagicon USA	Template:As of
Moon	Moon Impact Probe	First impact on Lunar south pole and discovery of water on Moon.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Flagicon India	14 November 2008
Earth to Venus trajectory	IKAROS	First interplanetary solar sail.	Template:Flagicon Japan	Set sail on 10 June 2010
25143 Itokawa	Hayabusa	First sample return from an asteroid.	Template:Flagicon Japan	13 June 2010
Mercury	MESSENGER	First orbiter.	Template:Flagicon USA	17 March 2011
Earth–Sun L2 Lagrange point	Chang'e 2	First spacecraft to reach the L2 Lagrangian point directly from lunar orbit.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>	Template:Flagicon China	25 August 2011
International Space Station	SpaceX Dragon 1	First commercial spacecraft to berth with the International Space Station.	Template:Flagicon USA	25 May 2012
Interstellar medium	Voyager 1	First spacecraft to cross the heliopause, thereby exiting the heliosphere and entering interstellar space.	Template:Flagicon USA	25 August 2012
4179 Toutatis	Chang'e 2	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon China	13 December 2012
67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko	Rosetta	First comet orbiter.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	File:ESA logo simple.svg ESA	6 August 2014
Mars	MOM	First Asian nation to achieve Mars orbit and first in the world to do so in first attempt.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>	Template:Flagicon India	24 September 2014
67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko	Philae	First comet soft landing.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>	File:ESA logo simple.svg ESA	12 November 2014
Ceres	Dawn	First dwarf planet orbiter.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Flagicon USA	6 March 2015
Mars	Opportunity	Longest distance traveled on surface of another world (Template:Convert, marathon-length).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Flagicon USA	23 March 2015
Mercury	MESSENGER	First impact.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>	Template:Flagicon USA	30 April 2015
Pluto	New Horizons	Template:Unbulleted list	Template:Flagicon USA	14 July 2015
All 9 planets in the pre-IAU redefinition version of the Solar System	All United States spacecraft including New Horizons	With the New Horizons flyby of Pluto, the United States is the first nation to have its space probes explore all nine planets in the pre-2006 IAU redefinition version of the Solar System.	Template:Flagicon USA	14 July 2015
Earth	Falcon 9 (B1021)	First re-flight of an orbital class rocket stage after a vertical propulsive landing.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Flagicon USA	30 March 2017
Earth	Template:Unbulleted list	Shortest period between orbital launches (launched 72<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}Template:Cbignore</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> seconds apart).	Template:Unbulleted list	23 December 2017
1.66 au heliocentric orbit	Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster on Falcon Heavy Test Flight	First successful Deep Space mission launched successfully on a rocket's maiden flight	Template:Flagicon USA	6 February 2018
Moon	Chang'e 4	First soft landing at the far side of the Moon.	Template:Flagicon China	3 January 2019
Moon	Yutu-2	First lunar rover traversing the far side of the Moon.	Template:Flagicon China	3 January 2019
Moon	Beresheet	First commercial/privately funded spacecraft to enter lunar orbit.	Template:Flagicon Israel	4 April 2019
101955 Bennu	OSIRIS-REx	Smallest body to be orbited by spacecraft (Template:Cvt diameter) and closest ever orbit (Template:Cvt altitude).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Flagicon USA	12 June 2019
Moon	Yutu-2	Longest operational lunar rover after breaking the longevity record of 321 Earth days held by Soviet Union's Lunokhod 1 rover.<ref name="LD-20191218">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Flagicon China	20 November 2019
Moon	Chang'e 5	First robotic rendezvous and docking by two spacecraft (lunar orbiter attached with reentry-capsule and lunar ascent vehicle) in lunar orbit or any orbit other than Earth's.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Flagicon China	5 December 2020
Moon	Chang'e 5	First robotic transfer of payload (lunar samples from lunar ascent vehicle to reentry capsule) between two docked spacecraft in lunar orbit or any orbit other than Earth's.<ref>Template:Cite news </ref>	Template:Flagicon China	5 December 2020
Mars	Ingenuity	First controlled, powered flight by a rotary wing aircraft on another planet.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>	Template:Flagicon USA	19 April 2021
Earth	Zhuque-2	First methane-fueled rocket to reach orbit<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Flagicon China	12 July 2023
Moon	Chandrayaan-3	First soft landing at Lunar south polar region.	Template:Flagicon India	23 August 2023
Moon	IM-1 Odysseus	First successful commercial and first cryogenic propelled lunar landing.<ref name="im1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> First soft landing within the lunar south pole region at Template:Lunar coords and quad cat<ref name="coords">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }} </ref>	Template:Flagicon USA	22 February 2024
Moon	Chang'e 6	First sample collection and return from the far side of the Moon.<ref name=SN240625>Template:Citation</ref>	Template:Flagicon China	3 June, 25 June 2024
Earth	Falcon 9	Most consecutive launch successes of a single type of rocket: 365.	Template:Flagicon USA	14 January 2017 – 8 July 2024
Earth	Falcon 9	Most consecutive landing successes of a single type of rocket stage: 267.	Template:Flagicon USA	4 March 2021 – 20 August 2024
Earth	Falcon 9 (B1067)	Most vertical landings of a single orbital rocket stage: 25.	Template:Flagicon USA	3 June 2021 – 10 January 2025
Earth	Falcon 9 (B1080)	Shortest time between two flights of the same orbital rocket stage: 13 days, 12 hours, 34 minutes	Template:Flagicon USA	25 November 2024
Sun	Parker Solar Probe	Highest velocity of a spacecraft relative to the Sun: 191.7 km/s (690,000 km/h; 430,000 mph). Closest approach to the Sun: distance of 0.041 AU (6,000,000 kilometres; 3,800,000 mi).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> This makes the probe the fastest object in the Solar System apart from comets (overtaking asteroid 2005 HC4).	Template:Unbulleted list	24 December 2024

See also

• First images of Earth from space
• Human presence in space
• List of crewed spacecraft
• List of cumulative spacewalk records
• List of International Space Station spacewalks
• List of Mir spacewalks
• List of spacewalkers
• List of spacewalks 2000–2014
• List of spacewalks and moonwalks 1965–1999
• List of spacewalks since 2015
• Manned Maneuvering Unit
• Omega Speedmaster
• Simplified Aid For EVA Rescue
• Space suit
• Suitport
• Timeline of space exploration, list of firsts in space exploration

External links

• Russia's unmanned Moon missions