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File:Mausoleum at Halicarnassus at the Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology.jpg
Model of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (near modern-day Bodrum in Turkey), the grave of King Mausolus, the Persian satrap of Caria from which the word mausoleum was derived.<ref name="toms"/>
File:Thalmayer-mauzóleum 2022 februárjában előlről1.jpg
The Thalmayer mausoleum one, of the many destroyed mausoleums (Hungary, Budapest, Fiume Road Graveyard)

A mausoleum is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the burial chamber of a deceased person or people. A mausoleum without the person's remains is called a cenotaph. A mausoleum may be considered a type of tomb, or the tomb may be considered to be within the mausoleum.

OverviewEdit

The word mausoleum (from the Template:Langx) derives from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (near modern-day Bodrum in Turkey), the grave of King Mausolus, the Persian satrap of Caria, whose large tomb was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.<ref name="toms">Template:Cite journal</ref>

Mausolea were historically, and still may be, large and impressive constructions for a deceased leader or other person of importance. However, smaller mausolea soon became popular with the gentry and nobility in many countries. In the Roman Empire, these were often in necropoles or along roadsides: the via Appia Antica retains the ruins of many private mausolea for kilometres outside Rome. When Christianity became dominant, mausolea were out of use.<ref>Paul Veyne, in A History of Private Life: I. From Pagan Rome to Byzantium, Veyne, ed. (Harvard University Press) 1987:416.</ref>

Later, mausolea became particularly popular in Europe and its colonies during the early modern and modern periods. A single mausoleum may be permanently sealed. A mausoleum encloses a burial chamber either wholly above ground or within a burial vault below the superstructure. This contains the body or bodies, probably within sarcophagi or interment niches. Modern mausolea may also act as columbaria (a type of mausoleum for cremated remains) with additional cinerary urn niches. Mausolea may be located in a cemetery, a churchyard or on private land.

In the United States, the term may be used for a burial vault below a larger facility, such as a church. The Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles, California, for example, has 6,000 sepulchral and cinerary urn spaces for interments in the lower level of the building. It is known as the "crypt mausoleum". In Europe, these underground vaults are sometimes called crypts or catacombs.

A chapel mausoleum or mausoleum chapel in a cemetery can be used for closed-casket funeral services prior to interments.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Notable mausoleumsEdit

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AfricaEdit

AlgeriaEdit

OthersEdit

Asia, Eastern, Southern, Central, and SoutheastEdit

AfghanistanEdit

BangladeshEdit

ChinaEdit

IndiaEdit

IndonesiaEdit

JapanEdit

MalaysiaEdit

PakistanEdit

PhilippinesEdit

TaiwanEdit

OthersEdit

Asia, westernEdit

EuropeEdit

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South AmericaEdit

ArgentinaEdit

BoliviaEdit

BrazilEdit

ChileEdit

ColombiaEdit

EcuadorEdit

ParaguayEdit

PeruEdit

UruguayEdit

VenezuelaEdit

North AmericaEdit

CanadaEdit

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  • Queen's Park Mausoleum in Calgary, Alberta<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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CubaEdit

Dominican RepublicEdit

El SalvadorEdit

GuatemalaEdit

HaitiEdit

MexicoEdit

NicaraguaEdit

PanamaEdit

United StatesEdit

OceaniaEdit

See alsoEdit

NotesEdit

  1. <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>^{{#if:| }} The plurals mausoleums and mausolea are both used in English, although mausoleums is more common.

FootnotesEdit

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External linksEdit

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