Voiceless bilabial plosive

Template:Short description Template:Infobox IPA The voiceless bilabial plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound used in most spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is Template:Angbr IPA, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is p.

FeaturesEdit

File:Voiceless bilabial plosive.svg

Features of the voiceless bilabial plosive:

Template:Plosive Template:Bilabial Template:Voiceless Template:Oral Template:Central-lateral Template:Pulmonic

VarietiesEdit

IPA	Description
{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	plain p
{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	aspirated p
{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	velarized p
{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	palatalized p
{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	labialized p
{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	p with no audible release
{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	voiced p
{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	tense p
{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	ejective p

OccurrenceEdit

Research has shown that incidental learning positively impacts the acquisition of the /p/ sound for Arabic speakers and other EFL learners.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":sciendo">Template:Cite journal</ref> This is particularly interesting given that the stop {{#invoke:IPA|main}} is missing from about 10% of languages that have a {{#invoke:IPA|main}}. (See voiced velar stop for another such gap.) This is an areal feature of the circum-Saharan zone (Africa north of the equator plus the Arabian Peninsula). It is not known how old this areal feature is, and whether it might be a recent phenomenon due to Arabic as a prestige language, or whether Arabic was itself affected by a more ancient areal pattern.<ref name=":sciendo" /> It is found in other areas as well; for example, Fijian, Onge, and many Papuan languages have {{#invoke:IPA|main}} but no {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.

Nonetheless, the {{#invoke:IPA|main}} sound is very common cross-linguistically. Most languages have at least a plain {{#invoke:IPA|main}}, and some distinguish more than one variety. Many Indo-Aryan languages, such as Hindustani, have a two-way contrast between the aspirated {{#invoke:IPA|main}} and the plain {{#invoke:IPA|main}} (also transcribed as {{#invoke:IPA|main}} in extensions to the IPA).

ExamplesEdit

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Adyghe		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang\|lang}} / paio	Template:Audio-IPA	'hat'
Arabic	Algerian	lang}}/pāpīš	main}}	'beautiful girls'
	Hejazi	lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}/pōl	main}}	'Paul'	Only used in loanwords, transcribed and pronounced as Template:Angbr IPA by many speakers.
	Egyptian	lang}}/kabš	main}}	'ram'	Allophone of [b] before unvoiced consonants. Also used in loanwords.
Armenian	Eastern<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	lang}}/papik	Template:Audio-IPA	'grandpa'	Contrasts with aspirated form
Assyrian		lang}}	{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	'face'
Basque		lang}}	main}}	'to catch'
Bengali		পথ	main}}	'road'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Bengali phonology
Catalan<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'fear'	See Catalan phonology
Chuvash		путене/putene	[put̬ʲɛ'nɛ]	'quail'
Czech		lang}}	main}}	'dog'	See Czech phonology
Danish	Standard<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	lang}}	main}}	'book'	Usually transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA or Template:Angbr IPA. It may be partially voiced Template:IPAblink in the intervocalic position.Template:Sfnp Template:Sfnp It contrasts with aspirated form, which is usually transcribed in IPA with Template:Angbr IPA or Template:Angbr IPA. See Danish phonology
Dutch<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'duty'	See Dutch phonology
English		pack	main}}	'pack'	See English phonology
Esperanto		lang}}	main}}	'time'	See Esperanto phonology
Filipino		lang}}	main}}	'duck'
Finnish		lang}}	main}}	'grandpa'	See Finnish phonology
French<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'apple'	See French phonology
Gan Chinese	Nanchangnese	lang}}	main}}	'magic'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Nanchangnese phonology
German		lang}}	main}}	'pile'	See Standard German phonology
Greek		lang}}	main}}	'leg'	See Modern Greek phonology
Gujarati		lang}}/pag	main}}	'foot'	See Gujarati phonology
Hakka Chinese	Meizhounese	lang}} / ho² ba⁴	main}}	'river'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Meizhounese phonology
Hebrew		lang}}/pakid	main}}	'clerk'	See Modern Hebrew phonology
Hindustani	Urdu	پل/pal	{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	'moment'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Hindustani phonology
Hindustani	Hindi	lang}} / pal	{{#invoke:IPA\|main}}	'moment'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Hindustani phonology
Hmong	White Hmong	Template:Script / {{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	main}}	'to throw'
Hungarian		lang}}	main}}	'pope'	See Hungarian phonology
Italian<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'dad'	See Italian phonology
Japanese Template:Sfnp		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	main}}	'mailbox'	See Japanese phonology
Kabardian		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang\|lang}} / pė	Template:Audio-IPA	'nose'
Khmer		lang}} / Template:Transliteration	main}}	'to explain'	See Khmer phonology
Korean		lang}}	main}}	'light'	See Korean phonology
Kurdish	Northern	lang}}	main}}	'hair'	See Kurdish phonology
	Central	lang}} / píroze	main}}	'lammergeier'
	Southern	lang}} / pûûnga	main}}	'pennyroyal'
Lakota		púza	main}}	'dry'
Lithuanian		pastatas	[ˈpaːstɐtɐs]	'building'	See Lithuanian phonology
Luxembourgish<ref name="gitr">Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'cheap'	Less often voiced Template:IPAblink. It is usually transcribed {{#invoke:IPA\|main}}, and contrasts with voiceless aspirated form, which is usually transcribed {{#invoke:IPA\|main}}.<ref name="gitr"/> See Luxembourgish phonology
Macedonian		пее/pee	main}}	'sing'	See Macedonian phonology
Malay		panas	main}}	'hot'	Often unreleased in syllable codas so /p/ is read as [[[:Template:IPA link]]] instead in lembap {{#invoke:IPA\|main}} 'damp'. See Malay phonology
Maltese		lang}}	main}}	'appetite'
Mandarin	Dungan	lang}}	main}}	'to assist'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Dungan phonology
	Nanjingnese	lang}}	main}}	'teenager'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Nanjingnese phonology
	Sichuanese	lang}} / bu² suan⁴ si⁴	main}}	'ineffective'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Sichuanese phonology
	Standard	lang}} / bàozhà	Template:Audio-IPA	'to explode'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Standard Chinese phonology
	Xi'annese	lang}}	main}}	'mattock'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Xi'annese phonology
Marathi		lang}}/paa'uus/pā'ūs	main}}	'rain'	See Marathi phonology
Min Chinese	Hokkien	lang}} / ko-pi	main}}	'coffee'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Hokkien phonology
	Teochew	lang}} / piah⁴	main}}	'remote'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Teochew phonology
	Fuzhounese	lang}} / băh-dâung	main}}	'trespasser'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Fuzhounese phonology
Mutsun		lang}}	main}}	'a sore'
Nepali		lang}}/pitā	main}}	'father'	See Nepali phonology
Norwegian		lang}}	main}}	'dad'	See Norwegian phonology
Odia		lang}}/pathara	main}}	'stone'	Contrasts with aspirated form.
Pashto		lang}}/pa'nir	main}}	'cheese'
Persian		پول/pul	main}}	'money'
Pirahã		lang}}	main}}	'otter'
Polish<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	Template:Audio-IPA	'belt'	See Polish phonology
Portuguese<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'father'	See Portuguese phonology
Punjabi		ਪੱਤਾ/ پتا / pattā	main}}	'leaf'
Romanian		lang}}	main}}	'step'	See Romanian phonology
Russian<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}/plod	main}}	'fruit'	Contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology
Serbo-Croatian Template:Sfnp		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	main}}	'drink'	See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Slovak		lang}}	main}}	'dog'
Slovene		lang}}	main}}	'dog'	See Slovene phonology
Spanish<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'weight'	See Spanish phonology
Swahili		pombe / پٗونْبٖ	main}}	'beer'
Swedish		lang}}	main}}	'monkey'	See Swedish phonology
Telugu		lang}}	main}}	'work'	Contrasts with aspirated form in old Telugu. However aspirated form is almost always pronounced as voiceless labiodental fricative in modern Telugu.
Thai		lang}}/{{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	[pɛ̂ːŋ]	'powder'	See Thai phonology
Tsez		пу/pu	main}}	'side'	Contrasts with ejective form.
Turkish		lang}}	main}}	'pot'	See Turkish phonology
Ukrainian Template:Sfnp		lang}}/pavuk	main}}	'spider'	See Ukrainian phonology
Vietnamese<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>		lang}}	main}}	'tweezers'	See Vietnamese phonology
Welsh		siop	[ʃɔp]	'shop'	See Welsh phonology
West Frisian		lang}}	main}}	'pan'
Wu Chinese	Shanghainese	lang}} / sy-piq-lin	main}}	'spring'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Shanghainese phonology
	Suzhounese	lang}} / piau¹-tsyu⁵	main}}	'pretty'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Suzhounese phonology
	Wenzhounese	lang}} / nga⁴-lei⁶-po⁷-tsai⁷	main}}	'tear'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Wenzhounese phonology
Yi		lang}} / {{#invoke:Lang\|lang}}	main}}	'exchange'	Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms.
Yue Chinese	Cantonese	lang}} / zyu¹ tau⁴ bing²	main}}	'blockhead'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Cantonese phonology
Yue Chinese	Taishanese	lang}}	main}}	'white'	Contrasts with aspirated form. See Taishanese phonology
Central Alaskan Yup'ik		lang}}	main}}	'daughter'
Zapotec	Tilquiapan<ref>Template:Harvcoltxt</ref>	pan	main}}	'bread'