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Tram-train

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Template:Short description {{#invoke:Hatnote|hatnote}} Template:Distinguish Template:Multiple image Template:Multiple image Template:Multiple image Template:Multiple image Template:Multiple image A tram-train is a type of light rail vehicle that both meets the standards of a light rail system, and also national mainline standards. Tramcars are adapted to be capable of running on streets like an urban tramway but also be permitted operation alongside mainline trains. This allows services that can utilise both existing urban light rail systems and mainline railway networks and stations. It combines the urban accessibility of a tram or light rail with a mainline train's greater speed in the suburbs.<ref name="connections">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The modern tram-train concept was pioneered by the German city of Karlsruhe in the late 1980s,<ref name="lessons">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> resulting in the creation of the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn. This concept is often referred to as the Karlsruhe model,<ref name="connections"/> and it has since been adopted in other cities such as Mulhouse in France<ref name="connections"/> and in Kassel, Nordhausen and Saarbrücken in Germany.<ref name="lessons"/>

An inversion of the concept is a train-tram – a mainline train adapted to run on-street in an urban tramway, also known as the Zwickau Model.

TechnologyEdit

The tram-train often is a type of interurban<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> — that is, they link separate towns or cities, according to George W. Hilton and John F. Due's definition.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Most tram-trains are standard gauge, which facilitates sharing track with main-line trains. Exceptions include Alicante Tram and Nordhausen, which are metre gauge.

Tram-train vehicles are dual-equipped to suit the needs of both tram and train operating modes, with support for multiple electrification voltages if required and safety equipment such as train stops and other railway signalling equipment. The Karlsruhe and Saarbrücken systems use "PZB" or "Indusi" automatic train protection, so that if the driver passes a signal at a stop the emergency brakes are applied.

HistoryEdit

The idea is not new; in the early 20th century, interurban streetcar lines often operated on dedicated rights-of-way between towns, while running on street trackage in town. The difference between modern tram-trains and the older interurban and radial railways is that tram-trains are built to meet mainline railway standards, rather than ignoring them.

In 1924, in Hobart, Australia, sharing of tracks between trams and trains was proposed.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Existing systemsEdit

AsiaEdit

JapanEdit

EuropeEdit

AustriaEdit

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DenmarkEdit

FranceEdit

GermanyEdit

HungaryEdit

ItalyEdit

NetherlandsEdit

PortugalEdit

SpainEdit

United KingdomEdit

North AmericaEdit

Proposed systemsEdit

AfricaEdit

  • The October 6th Tram system (The O6T), Cairo, Egypt

AsiaEdit

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EuropeEdit

  • Braunschweig, Germany
  • Bratislava, Slovakia
  • Cardiff, United Kingdom. Wales & Borders franchise: South Wales Valley Lines (2022 - 2023) - rolling stock currently under construction.
  • Debrecen, Hungary <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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|CitationClass=web }}</ref> A preparatory study was also completed for the Szeged - Makó line,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> but the estimated costs were high, and it is also dependent on a new road-rail bridge over the river Tisa only in planning phase as of now.

OceaniaEdit

South AmericaEdit

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VehiclesEdit

Models of tram designed for tram-train operation include:

Train-tramEdit

File:Zwickau TrainTram.jpg
The Zwickau Model has main-line lightweight diesel tram-trains running through urban streets.
File:Keishin-Line-Series800.jpg
A train running on the street section of Keishin line.

EuropeEdit

JapanEdit

North AmericaEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

External linksEdit

Template:Trams Template:Public transport Template:Authority control

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