Foreign relations of Portugal
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists Foreign relations of Portugal are linked with its historical role as a major player in the Age of Discovery and the holder of the now defunct Portuguese Empire. Portugal is a European Union member country and a founding member of NATO. It is a committed proponent of European integration and transatlantic relations. João Gomes Cravinho is the current Minister of Foreign Affairs of Portugal.
HistoricalEdit
Historically, the focus of Portuguese diplomacy has been to preserve its independence, vis-à-vis, the danger of annexation by Spain, and the maintenance of the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, which officially came into being in 1386, and with the United Kingdom as a successor to England, it is still in place today.
Other goals have also been constant such as the political stability of the Iberian Peninsula and the affirmation of Portuguese interests in Europe and the Atlantic (also in the Indian and Pacific Oceans throughout different moments in history).
International organizationsEdit
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Portugal was a founding member of NATO (1949), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (1961), and European Free Trade Area (1960); it left the latter in 1986 to join the European Economic Community, which would become the European Union (EU) in 1993. In 1996, it co-founded the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP). The country is a member state of the United Nations since 1955.
Recently, the primacy of the United States and inter-governmental organizations such as NATO and the United Nations have also been paramount in the affirmation of Portugal abroad.
Portugal has been a significant beneficiary of the EU. It was among the top beneficiaries of the EU-15 between 1995 and 2004 (only behind Spain and Greece in absolute terms, and behind Ireland and Greece in a per capita basis).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Portugal is a proponent of European integration and held the presidency of the European Union for the second time during the first half of 2000, and again in the second half of 2007. Portugal used its term to launch a dialogue between the EU and Africa and to begin to take steps to make the European economy dynamic and competitive. In 2002, the euro began to circulate as Portugal's currency. José Sócrates, as Prime Minister of Portugal, presided over the rotative Presidency of the Council of the European Union for the period July–December 2007.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In this post, Sócrates and his team focused on the EU-Brazil (1st EU-Brazil summit) and EU-African Union (2007 Africa-EU Summit) relations, as well as in the approval of the Treaty of Lisbon.
Portugal was a founding member of NATO; it is an active member of the alliance by, for example, contributing proportionally large contingents in Balkan peacekeeping forces. Portugal proposed the creation of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP) to improve its ties with other Portuguese-speaking countries. Additionally, Portugal has participated, along with Spain, in a series of Ibero-American Summit. Portugal held the chairmanship of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) for the year 2002. The chairman-in-office was Portuguese Foreign Minister António Martins da Cruz.
DisputesEdit
Portugal holds claim to the disputed territory of Olivença on the Portugal-Spain border.
International visitsEdit
Diplomatic relationsEdit
List of countries which Portugal maintains diplomatic relations with:
Bilateral relationshipsEdit
AfricaEdit
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Angola–Portugal relations.
Portugal ruled Angola for 400 years,<ref name=a>Template:Cite book</ref> colonizing the territory from 1483 until independence in 1975. Angola's war for independence did not end in a military victory for either side, but was suspended as a result of a coup in Portugal, that replaced the Caetano regime with a Military junta. |
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Cape Verde–Portugal relations
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Guinea-Bissau–Portugal relations |
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Mozambique–Portugal relations.
Mozambique gained independence from Portugal in 1975. |
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Portugal–São Tomé and Príncipe relations.
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Portugal–South Africa relations.
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AmericasEdit
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes | |
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Argentina–Portugal relations
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Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1992.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Brazil–Portugal relations.
Relations between Brazil and Portugal have spanned over four centuries, beginning in 1532 with the establishment of São Vicente, the first Portuguese permanent settlement in the Americas, up to the present day.<ref name="culture">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Canada–Portugal relations. | |
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Chile–Portugal relations
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Mexico–Portugal relations.
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":6" /> | labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":4" /> | See Portugal–United States relations.
Portugal was among the first nations to establish diplomatic ties with the United States. Contributing to the strong ties between the United States and Portugal are the 20,000 Americans living in Portugal and some sizable Portuguese communities in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Jersey, California, and Hawaii. The latest census estimates that 1.3 million individuals living in the United States are of Portuguese ancestry, with a large percentage coming from the Portuguese Autonomous region of the Azores.
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| Template:Flag | Template:Date table sorting<ref name=":5">Template:Cite book</ref> | See Portugal–Uruguay relations.
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AsiaEdit
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes | |||
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Armenia–Portugal relations.
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Azerbaijan-Portugal relations.
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Bahrain–Portugal relations.
Bahrain was ruled by the Portuguese Empire from 1521 until 1602, when they were expelled by Shah Abbas I of the Safavid dynasty. | |||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":11" /> | See China–Portugal relations. | |||
| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See India–Portugal relations.
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Indonesia–Portugal relations.
In 1999, Indonesia and Portugal restored diplomatic relations, which were broken off following the Indonesian invasion of East Timor in 1975.
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Iran–Portugal relations
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The Estado Novo regime did not recognize Israel. Full diplomatic relations with the Israeli government were established in 1977, following the Portuguese revolution of 1974.<ref>Communiqué issued on 18 July 1977 by the Permanent Mission of Portugal to the United Nations Template:Webarchive</ref>
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Japan–Portugal relations.
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Portugal–North Korea relations.
In 1975, North Korea and Portugal established diplomatic relations.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":10" /> | See Portugal–South Korea relations
Although far apart in geographical terms, the known contacts between Portugal and Korea date from the beginning of the 17th century.
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Portugal–Timor-Leste relations.
East Timor was an overseas territory of Portugal for over 400 years. Portugal was a strong advocate of independence for East Timor, which was occupied annexed by neighboring Indonesia between 1975 and 1999, and has committed troops and money to Timor-Leste, in close cooperation with the United Nations and Timor-Leste's Asian neighbors.
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Portugal–Turkey relations
Turkey's 161 years of political relations with Portugal date back to the Ottoman period when the Visconde do Seixal was appointed as an envoy to Istanbul. Diplomatic relations ceased during World War I and were re-established in the Republican period in 1926. A resident embassy was established in 1957.
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EuropeEdit
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes | |||||||||||||||
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Albania–Portugal relations.
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":15" /> | See Andorra–Portugal relations
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Austria–Portugal relations
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Bulgaria–Portugal relations.
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> |
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":8" /> | See Denmark–Portugal relations.
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> |
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See France–Portugal relations
Portuguese links to France have remained very strong and the country is considered one of Portugal's main political partners.
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Germany–Portugal relations
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":12" /> | See Greece–Portugal relations
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Italy–Portugal relations
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name="Visoka" /> | See Kosovo–Portugal relations.
Portugal recognized Kosovo on 7 October 2008.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Malta–Portugal relations.
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Netherlands–Portugal relations
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Poland–Portugal relations
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Portugal–Romania relations
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Portugal–Russia relations.
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Portugal–Serbia relations.
Portugal established diplomatic relations with the Kingdom of Serbia on 19 October 1917.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Relations continued with the successor Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The Portuguese recognized the government in exile of this state after the German occupation of 1941.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Relations with the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which took power in 1945 after World War II, were only established in 1974 after the Portuguese Carnation Revolution.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Following the dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia during the Yugoslav wars, Portugal maintained relations with the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, later reconstituted as Serbia and Montenegro and finally as Serbia after Montenegro declared its independence in July 2006.<ref name=serbiamfa/> Portugal has an embassy in Belgrade. Serbia has an embassy in Lisbon.<ref name=serbiamfa>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref> Also that month, the Serbian Minister of Science and Technological Development met a Portuguese delegation and discussed cooperation in energy efficiency, nanotechnology, and the food industry, with plans to sign a co-operation agreement on science and technology by the end of 2008.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Portugal–Spain relations.
Historically, the two states were long-standing adversaries, but in recent years, they have enjoyed a much friendlier relationship and in 1986, they entered the European Union together. |
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Portugal–Sweden relations
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Portugal–Ukraine relations.
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | See Portugal–United Kingdom relations.
Portugal established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 9 May 1386.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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OceaniaEdit
| Country | Formal relations began | Notes |
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| Template:Flag | Template:Dts<ref name=":3" /> | |
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See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
Template:Foreign relations of Portugal Template:Portugal topics Template:Foreign relations of Europe