Foreign relations of Ukraine
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Ukraine has formal relations with many nations and in recent decades has been establishing diplomatic relations with an expanding circle of nations. The foreign relations of Ukraine are guided by a number of key priorities outlined in the foreign policy of Ukraine.
Western relationsEdit
Ukraine considers Euro-Atlantic integration its primary foreign policy objective, but in practice balances its relationship with Europe and the United States while attempting to sever its considerable ties to Russia. The European Union's Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA) with Ukraine went into force on March 1, 1998. The European Union (EU) has encouraged Ukraine to implement the PCA fully before discussions begin on an association agreement. The EU Common Strategy toward Ukraine, issued at the EU Summit in December 1999 in Helsinki, recognizes Ukraine's long-term aspirations but does not discuss association.<ref name=":3">Ukraine makes it official: Nation will abandon plans to join NATO, Kyiv Post (May 28, 2010)</ref>
On January 31, 1992, Ukraine joined the then-Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (now the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe—OSCE), and on March 10, 1992, it became a member of the North Atlantic Cooperation Council. Ukraine also has a close relationship with NATO and has declared interest in eventual membership. It is the most active member of the Partnership for Peace (PfP). Former President Viktor Yushchenko indicated that he supports Ukraine joining the EU in the future. Plans for Ukrainian membership to NATO were shelved by Ukraine following the 2010 Ukrainian presidential election in which Viktor Yanukovych was elected President.<ref name=":3" />
Yanukovych opted to keep Ukraine a non-aligned state.<ref name="glo">Yanukovych opens door to Russian navy keeping base in Ukraine GlobalSecurity.org Retrieved on March 9, 2010</ref> This materialized on June 3, 2010 when the Ukrainian parliament (Verkhovna Rada) excluded, with 226 votes, the goal of "integration into Euro-Atlantic security and NATO membership" from the country's national security strategy giving the country a non-aligned status.<ref name="result of Russia">Ukraine has no alternative to Euro-Atlantic integration – Ukraine has no alternative to Euro-Atlantic integration – Poroshenko, Interfax-Ukraine (23 December 2014)
Ukraine abolishes its non-aligned status – law, Interfax-Ukraine (23 December 2014)
Ukraine's complicated path to NATO membership, Euronews (23 December 2014)
Ukraine Takes Step Toward Joining NATO, The New York Times (23 December 2014)
Ukraine Ends ‘Nonaligned’ Status, Earning Quick Rebuke From Russia, The Wall Street journal (23 December 2014)</ref><ref name=radanonato>Ukraine drops NATO membership bid, EUobserver (June 6, 2010)</ref> "European integration" has remained part of Ukraine's national security strategy and co-operation with NATO was not excluded.<ref name=radanonato/>
Ukraine then considered relations with NATO as a partnership.<ref name=NATOlove>Yanukovych: Ukraine currently not ready to join NATO, Kyiv Post (May 27, 2010)</ref><ref>Yanukovych: Ukraine positively evaluates level of relations with NATO, Kyiv Post (September 21, 2011)</ref> Ukraine and NATO continued to hold joint seminars and joint tactical and strategical exercises.<ref name=securityexer>Ukraine, NATO to hold security exercises during Euro 2012, Kyiv Post (26 March 2012)</ref><ref>Yanukovych approves program of Ukraine–NATO cooperation for 2012, Kyiv Post (20 April 2012)</ref> After February 2014's Yanukovych ouster and the Russian annexation of Crimea, the nation has renewed its drive for NATO membership.<ref name="result of Russia"/> On 23 December 2014 the Verkhovna Rada abolished, with 303 votes, Ukraine's non-aligned status.<ref name="result of Russia"/>
Bilateral security agreementsEdit
In early 2024, following the 24 February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, a number of allies of Ukraine signed long-term bilateral security treaties with Ukraine for many years to come (often a period of 10 years).<ref name="Lorenz">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> They resulted from a declaration by the G7 countries at a NATO Summit in Washington on 12 July 2023, concluding the establishment of a framework of bilateral security agreements of long-term military, materiel and economic support for Ukraine's defence. <ref name="Lorenz"/> The bilateral agreements prioritised strengthening Ukrainian air defence systems, artillery, long-range strike capabilities, armour, and combat aviation to fend off Russian military aggression.<ref name="Lorenz"/>
- 12 January 2024: The United Kingdom signed a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- 16 February 2024: France and Germany signed 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreements with Ukraine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- 23 February 2024: Denmark signed a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- 24 February 2024: Canada and Italy signed 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreements with Ukraine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Since then, another 30 countries have announced that they were ready to sign such long-term bilateral security agreements with Ukraine as well and are currently negotiating to do so.<ref name="Lorenz"/> As of October 2024, parties negotiating long-term bilateral security agreements with Ukraine included Montenegro<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and South Korea.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> 28 countries as well as the European Union had already concluded bilateral security treaties with Ukraine.<ref name="Dutch Defence"/>
- 1 March 2024: The Netherlands signed a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Dutch Defence">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- 3 April 2024: Finland signed a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- 11 April 2024: Latvia signed a 10-year bilateral security agreement with Ukraine.<ref>Ukraine and Latvia sign security agreement, Zelenskiy says</ref>
- 27 May 2024: Spain signed a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- 28 May 2024: Belgium and Portugal signed 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreements with Ukraine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- 31 May 2024: Sweden, Norway and Iceland signed 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreements with Ukraine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- 13 June 2024: The United States and Japan signed 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreements with Ukraine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- 27 June 2024: Estonia, Lithuania and the European Union signed 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreements with Ukraine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- 8 July 2024: Poland signed a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- 10 July 2024: Luxembourg signed a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- 11 July 2024: Romania signed a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- 18 July 2024: Czech Republic and Slovenia signed 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreements with Ukraine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- 4 September 2024: Ireland signed a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- 9 October 2024: Croatia signed a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.<ref>https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/spivpracya-mizh-opk-ta-pidtrimka-v-gumanitarnomu-rozminuvann-93737#:~:text=With%20this%20agreement%2C%20Croatia%20reaffirms,localization%20of%20projects%20in%20Ukraine.</ref>
- 17 October 2024: Greece signed a 10-year bilateral security and defense cooperation agreement with Ukraine, on the sidelines of the European Council in Brussels.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- 27 November 2024: The caretaker government of Bulgaria approved a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.<ref>https://fakti.bg/en/bulgaria/930897-the-government-approved-the-security-agreement-with-ukraine</ref> The signing of the agreement was however postponed until an unspecified date in 2025,<ref name="Bulgaria1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Bulgaria2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Bulgaria3">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> due to the largest Bulgarian party (GERB-SDS) only giving their approval for a subsequent (yet to be formed) regular government to sign it, while they rejected the request to give approval for a caretaker government to sign it.<ref name="Bulgaria4">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Bulgaria5">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- 16 January 2025: United Kingdom signed a 100-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- 21 January 2025: Albania signed a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- 15 May 2025: Montenegro signed a 10-year bilateral security cooperation agreement with Ukraine.
Relations with CIS statesEdit
Ukraine's relations with Russia had been complicated by energy dependence and by payment arrears. However, relations improved with the 1998 ratification of the bilateral Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation. The two sides have signed a series of agreements on the final division and disposition of the former Soviet Black Sea Fleet that helped to reduce tensions. However, Ukraine cut diplomatic relations with Russia as a response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite news</ref>
Ukraine became a (non-official) member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) on December 8, 1991. In January 1993 it refused to endorse a draft charter strengthening political, economic, and defense ties among CIS members, and completely ceased to participate as a member in March 2014. Ukraine was a founding member of GUAM (Georgia-Ukraine-Azerbaijan-Moldova).
In 1999–2001, Ukraine served as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. Soviet Ukraine joined the United Nations in 1945 as one of the original members following a Western compromise with the Soviet Union, which had asked for seats for all 15 of its union republics. Ukraine has consistently supported peaceful, negotiated settlements to disputes. It has participated in the quadripartite talks on the conflict in Moldova and promoted a peaceful resolution to conflict in the post-Soviet state of Georgia.
Leonid Derkach (chairman of the SBU, which is Ukraine's security service, successor to the KGB) was fired due to Western pressure after he organized the sale of radar systems to Iraq while such sales were embargoed.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
International disputesEdit
BelarusEdit
The 1997 boundary treaty with Belarus remains un-ratified due to unresolved financial claims, stalling demarcation and reducing border security.
RussiaEdit
Delimitation of the land boundary with Russia is incomplete, but the parties have agreed to defer demarcation. The maritime boundary through the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait remains unresolved despite a December 2003 framework agreement and ongoing expert-level discussions. Prime Minister Vladimir Putin allegedly declared at a NATO-Russia summit in 2008 that if Ukraine would join NATO his country can contend to annex the Ukrainian East and Crimea. As of April 2024, Russia has annexed the Crimean peninsula and partly four other regions of Ukraine: Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia.<ref name="The Empirical complex of Russians">Template:In lang The Imperial complex of Russians Template:Webarchive, Ukrainska Pravda (July 3, 2008)</ref>
Starting in November 2013, the decision by Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych to back out of signing an integration agreement with the European Union started a period of civil unrest between Ukrainians who favored integration with the European Union and those who wanted closer ties with Russia. This culminated in the Revolution of Dignity. Russia took advantage of this political instability to annex Crimea in March 2014, though Ukraine still claims sovereignty over the territory by any kind of international law. Russia has also allegedly supported quasi-separatist forces in the war in Donbas. In December 2015 Russian hackers reportedly hacked Ukraine's power grids leading to a blackout and widespread terror.
On 24 February 2022, diplomatic relations were cut with Russia as a response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.<ref name=":1"/>
MoldovaEdit
Moldova and Ukraine have established joint customs posts to monitor transit through Moldova's break-away Transnistria Region which remains under OSCE supervision.
RomaniaEdit
Ukraine and Romania have settled their dispute over the Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy (Snake) Island and the Black Sea maritime boundary at the International Court of Justice. The 2010 CIA World Factbook states that "Romania opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea".<ref>2010 CIA World Factbook</ref>
Investment promotionEdit
State enterprise InvestUkraine was created<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> under the State Agency for Investment and National Projects (National Projects)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> to serve as a One Stop Shop for investors and to deliver investment consulting services.
Relations by countryEdit
MultilateralEdit
Organization | Formal relations began | Notes | ||
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}}</ref> |
See Ukraine–European Union relations, Accession of Ukraine to the European Union
The Eastern Partnership is meant to complement the Northern Dimension by providing an institutionalized forum for discussing visa agreements, free trade deals and strategic partnership agreements with the EU's eastern neighbours. | |
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}}</ref> |
See Economic Commission of Europe, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe | |
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}}</ref> |
See Ukraine–NATO relations, Partnership for Peace program, Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council | |
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}}</ref> |
See Ukraine–Commonwealth of Independent States relations
Ukraine is a signatory of both the Belovezh Accords and Alma-Ata Protocol; however, it has never ratified either agreement and has never been a member of the CIS.Template:Citation needed Largely ceased to participate in the CIS from 2014, and withdrew representatives from all CIS statutory bodies in 2018 as a result of the Russo-Ukrainian War.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref> |
AfricaEdit
Country | Formal relations began | Notes | |||
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}}</ref> |
See Algeria–Ukraine relations
|
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}} Template:Dead link</ref>
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Template:Flag | 3 March 2004<ref name=":10"/> |
| |||
Template:Flag | 25 March 1992<ref name=":10"/> | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | |||
Template:Flag | 14 September 1995<ref name=":10"/> | See Central African Republic–Ukraine relations | |||
Template:Flag | 23 July 1993<ref name=":10"/> |
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}}</ref> |
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}}</ref> | |
Template:Flag | 25 January 1992<ref name=":10"/> | See Egypt–Ukraine relations
| |||
Template:Flag | 4 April 1992<ref name=":10"/> |
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}}</ref> | ||
Template:Flag | 12 February 2009<ref name=":10"/> | ||||
Template:Flag | 5 May 1993<ref name=":10"/> | See Kenya–Ukraine relations
| |||
Template:Flag | December 22, 1998<ref name=":10"/> | Template:Anchor
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Template:Flag | 30 September 1992<ref name=":10"/> | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> Until 2024, Ukraine was represented in Mauritania by its embassy in Rabat, Morocco.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref> | |
Template:Flag | 16 March 1992<ref name=":10"/> | See South Africa–Ukraine relations
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}}</ref>
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}}</ref> | |
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}}</ref> |
See Sudan-Ukraine relations
| ||
Template:Flag | 24 June 1992<ref name=":10"/> |
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Template:Flag | 7 September 1994<ref name=":10"/> | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
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}}</ref> | ||
Template:Flag | 22 April 1993<ref name=":10"/> | See Ukraine–Zambia relations
|
AmericasEdit
Country | Formal relations began | Notes | ||||
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}}</ref> |
See Argentina–Ukraine relations
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See Brazil–Ukraine relations
| |||
Template:Flag | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Canada–Ukraine relations
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> Ukraine also has consulates in Halifax, Montreal, Regina, and Vancouver.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> Canada also has a consulate in Lviv. | ||
Template:Flag | 12 March 1992<ref name="Americas4"/> |
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}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref><ref>[1] Template:Dead link</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Flag | 14 April 1999<ref name=":09"/> | See El Salvador–Ukraine relations
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}}</ref>||
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Template:Flag | 17 September 2002<ref name=":8" /> |
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Template:Flag | 14 January 1992<ref name="Americas4"/> | See Mexico–Ukraine relations
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}}</ref> | |||
Template:Flag | 21 May 1993<ref name=":09"/> |
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Template:Flag | 26 February 1993<ref name=":8" /> |
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Template:Flag | 7 May 1992<ref name=":8" /> | labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
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Template:Flag | 3 January 1992<ref name="Americas4"/> | See Ukraine–United States relations
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Template:Flag | 18 May 1992<ref name=":8" /> | See Ukraine–Uruguay relations
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}}</ref> |
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Template:Flag | 29 September 1993<ref name=":09"/> | See Ukraine–Venezuela relations
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}}</ref> |
AsiaEdit
Country | Formal relations began | Notes | |||||
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Template:Flag | 25 December 1991<ref name="Europe32">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
See Armenia–Ukraine relations
| ||||
Template:Flag | 6 February 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Azerbaijan–Ukraine relations
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}}</ref>
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Template:Flag | 20 July 1992<ref name=":10"/> | See Bahrain–Ukraine relations | |||||
Template:Flag | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Bangladesh–Ukraine relations | |||||
Template:Flag | 3 October 1997<ref name=":9" /> | See Brunei–Ukraine relations | |||||
Template:Flag | 23 April 1992 | See Cambodia–Ukraine relations | |||||
Template:Flag | 4 January 1992<ref name=":9" /> | See China–Ukraine relations
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | ||||
Template:Flag | 22 July 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Georgia–Ukraine relations
Since their independence from the Soviet Union, both countries consider each other as strategic partners and have forged close political and cultural relations. During the Shevardnadze era, the Georgian government maintained its close relations with Ukraine. In April 1993, Georgia and Ukraine signed 20 documents, including a treaty on friendship and cooperation.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> However, the relationship has further enhanced after Rose Revolution in Georgia and Orange Revolution in Ukraine. During the Orange Revolutions, many Georgians rallied in Kyiv in support of Viktor Yushchenko. Both countries maintain pro-western political orientation and aspire to join NATO and the European Union. The close friendship between Presidents Mikheil Saakashvili and Viktor Yushchenko has also played an important role in recent political and cultural unity of the two countries. However, the cultural and political unity between two nations existed long ago. There are many cultural events in both courtiers, celebrating close relations between Georgian and Ukrainian people. In 2007, Georgians unveiled a statue to Taras Shevchenko in Tbilisi while Ukrainians erected the statue of Georgia's epic poet Shota Rustaveli in Kyiv. | ||||
Template:Flag | 17 January 1992<ref name=":9" /> | See India–Ukraine relations | |||||
Template:Flag | 11 June 1992<ref name=":9" /> | See Indonesia–Ukraine relations
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}}</ref> |
See Iran–Ukraine relations
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Template:Flag | 16 December 1992<ref name=":10"/> | See Iraq–Ukraine relations
| |||||
Template:Flag | 26 December 1991<ref name=":10"/> | See Israel–Ukraine relations
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}}</ref> |
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}}</ref> | |||
Template:Flag | 26 January 1992<ref name=":9" /> | See Japan–Ukraine relations
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}}</ref>
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}}</ref> | |||
Template:Flag | 23 July 1992<ref name=":9" /> | See Kazakhstan–Ukraine relations | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
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}}</ref> | |||
Template:Flag | 14 December 1992<ref name=":10"/> | See Lebanon–Ukraine relations
| |||||
Template:Flag | 3 March 1992<ref name=":9" /> | See Malaysia–Ukraine relations
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}}</ref>
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}}</ref>
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}}</ref> | ||
Template:Flag | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Myanmar–Ukraine relations | |||||
Template:Flag | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>||{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
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}}</ref> | ||||
Template:Flag | 16 March 1992<ref name=":9" /> | See Pakistan–Ukraine relations
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}}</ref>
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Template:Flag | 2 November 2001<ref name=":10"/> | See Palestine–Ukraine relations | |||||
Template:Flag | 7 April 1992<ref name=":9" /> | See Philippines–Ukraine relations
| |||||
Template:Flag | 14 April 1993<ref name=":10"/> | See Saudi Arabia–Ukraine relations
| |||||
Template:Flag | 31 March 1992<ref name=":9" /> | See Singapore–Ukraine relations
|
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}}</ref>
|
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}}</ref>
|
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> In 2006, Ukraine was Singapore's 55th largest trading partner last year, with total trade amounting to S$774 million<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref>
|
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}}</ref> |
Template:Flag | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See South Korea–Ukraine relations
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}}</ref>
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Template:Flag | Diplomatic relations severed 30 June 2022<ref name=":10"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> |
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}}</ref>
| ||||
Template:Flag | citation | CitationClass=web
}}Template:Dead link</ref>||See Taiwan–Ukraine relations
| |||||
Template:Flag | 6 May 1992<ref name=":9" /> | See Thailand–Ukraine relations
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}}</ref>
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Template:Flag | 3 February 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Turkey–Ukraine relations
Turkey and Ukraine have a long chronology of historical, geographic, and cultural contact. Diplomatic relations between both countries were established in the early 1990s when Turkey became one of the first states in the world to announce officially their recognition of sovereign Ukraine. |
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}}</ref>
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Template:Flag | 15 October 1992 | ||||||
Template:Flag | 25 August 1992<ref name=":9" /> | See Ukraine–Uzbekistan relations | |||||
Template:Flag | 23 January 1992<ref name=":9" /> | See Ukraine–Vietnam relations |
EuropeEdit
Template:Further Ukraine and all UN member states in Europe, except Belarus and Kazakhstan, are members of the Council of Europe.<ref name=":42">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Country | Formal relations began | Notes | |||
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Template:Flag | 13 January 1993<ref name=":09"/> | See Albania–Ukraine relations | |||
Template:Flag | 19 April 1996<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Andorra–Ukraine relations | |||
Template:Flag | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
See Austria–Ukraine relations
| ||
Template:Flag | 27 December 1991<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Belarus–Ukraine relations | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
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}}</ref>
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Template:Flag | 10 March 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Belgium–Ukraine relations
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Template:Flag | 30 January 1993<ref name="Europe32"/> |
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}}</ref>
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}}</ref> | |
Template:Flag | 13 December 1991<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Bulgaria–Ukraine relations
| |||
Template:Flag | 18 February 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Croatia–Ukraine relations
| |||
Template:Flag | 19 February 1992<ref name=":09"/> | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
| |||
Template:Flag | 18 February 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Czech Republic–Ukraine relations
| |||
Template:Flag | 12 February 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Denmark–Ukraine relations
| |||
Template:Flag | 4 January 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Estonia–Ukraine relations
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Template:Flag | 26 February 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Finland–Ukraine relations
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Template:Flag | 24 January 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See France–Ukraine relations
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Template:Flag | 17 January 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Germany–Ukraine relations
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}}</ref>
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}} | |
Template:Flag | 15 January 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Greece–Ukraine relations
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Template:Flag | 8 February 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Holy See–Ukraine relations | |||
Template:Flag | 3 December 1991<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Hungary–Ukraine relations | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>
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}}</ref> | |
Template:Flag | 30 March 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> |
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}}</ref>
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}}</ref> | |
Template:Flag | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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}}</ref>||
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Template:Flag | 29 January 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Italy–Ukraine relations
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}}</ref> |
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}}</ref>
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Template:Flag | 12 February 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Latvia–Ukraine relations | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
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}}</ref>
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Template:Flag | 6 February 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Liechtenstein-Ukraine relations
| |||
Template:Flag | 12 December 1991<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Lithuania–Ukraine relations
|
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}}</ref>
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}}</ref>
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}}</ref> |
Template:Flag | 1 July 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Luxembourg–Ukraine relations | |||
Template:Flag | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Malta–Ukraine relations
| |||
Template:Flag | 27 December 1991<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Moldova–Ukraine relations
| |||
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}}</ref> |
|||
Template:Flag | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Montenegro–Ukraine relations
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Template:Flag | 1 April 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Netherlands–Ukraine relations | CitationClass=web
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Template:Flag | 20 April 1995<ref name="Europe32"/> | See North Macedonia–Ukraine relations
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Template:Flag | 5 February 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Norway–Ukraine relations
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Template:Flag | 4 January 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Poland–Ukraine relations
Both countries share a border of about 529 km.<ref name="Prez">Template:In lang Informacje o Polsce – informacje ogólne Template:Webarchive. Page gives Polish PWN Encyklopedia as a reference.</ref> Poland's acceptance of the Schengen Agreement created problems with the Ukrainian border traffic. On July 1, 2009, an agreement on local border traffic between the two country's came into effect. This agreement enables Ukrainian citizens living in border regions to cross the Polish frontier according to a liberalized procedure.<ref>Local Border Traffic Agreement With Poland Takes Effect Template:Webarchive, Ukrainian News Agency (July 1, 2009)</ref> | |||
Template:Flag | 27 January 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Portugal–Ukraine relations | CitationClass=web
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Template:Flag | 1 February 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Romania–Ukraine relations
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Template:Flag | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>||See Russia–Ukraine relations Established relations in February 14, 1992 Russia formerly had an embassy in Kyiv and consulates in Kharkiv, Lviv, Odesa and Simferopol. Ukraine had an embassy in Moscow and consulates in Rostov-on-Don, Saint Petersburg, Tyumen and Vladivostok. Relations between the two country's governments have been unfriendly since the presidency of Leonid Kuchma expired. Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin allegedly declared at a NATO–Russia summit in 2008 that if Ukraine would join NATO his country could contend to annex the Ukrainian East and Crimea.<ref name="The Empirical complex of Russians" /> Some analysts believe that the current Russian leadership is determined to prevent a Russian equivalent of the Ukrainian Orange Revolution in Russia. This mindset is supposed to explain not only Russian domestic policy but its sensitivity over events abroad as well.<ref>"Russia: World watching for any change", BBC News (March 3, 2008)</ref> Many in Ukraine and beyond believe that Russia has periodically used its vast energy resources to bully its smaller, dependent neighbour, but the Russian Government argues instead that it is internal squabbling amongst Ukraine's political elite that is to blame for the deadlock.<ref>"The rifts behind Europe's gas row", BBC News (January 8, 2009)</ref> Later, Putin stated that the government of the Russian Federation respects the sovereignty of Ukraine, while several Russian parliamentarians as well some governors were urging the liquidation of Ukraine. Starting in November 2013, the decision by Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych to back out of signing an integration agreement with the European Union started a period of civil unrest between Ukrainians who favored integration with the European Union and those who wanted closer ties with Russia, culminating in the Revolution of Dignity. Russia took advantage of this political instability to annex Crimea in March 2014, though Ukraine still claims sovereignty over the territory. Russia has also allegedly supported separatist forces in the war in Donbas. In December 2015, Russian hackers reportedly hacked Ukraine's power grids leading to a blackout and widespread terror. On 24 February 2022, Russia launched an invasion of Ukraine, which prompted Ukraine to break diplomatic ties with the country.<ref name=":2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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See San Marino–Ukraine relations | ||
Template:Flag | 15 April 1994<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Serbia–Ukraine relations
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Template:Flag | 30 January 1993<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Slovakia–Ukraine relations
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Template:Flag | 10 March 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Slovenia–Ukraine relations | CitationClass=web
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Template:Flag | 30 January 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Spain–Ukraine relations
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Template:Flag | 6 February 1992<ref name="Europe32"/> | See Switzerland–Ukraine relations
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Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, International Criminal Court, OSCE, Trilateral Security Pact, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a free trade agreement, a security agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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OceaniaEdit
Country | Formal relations began | Notes | |||
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Template:Flag | 10 January 1992<ref name=":9" /> | See Australia–Ukraine relations
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Template:Flag | 3 March 1992<ref name=":9" /> |
See New Zealand–Ukraine relations
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Template:Flag | 27 September 2011<ref name=":09"/> |
Ukraine is represented in the Solomon Islands by its embassy in Canberra, Australia.<ref name=":6">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
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Template:Flag | 29 September 1999<ref name=":09"/> |
Ukraine is represented in Vanuatu by its embassy in Canberra, Australia.<ref name=":6" /> |
Regional blocsEdit
See alsoEdit
- Foreign policy of Ukraine
- List of diplomatic missions in Ukraine
- List of diplomatic missions of Ukraine
External linksEdit
- Гай-Нижник П. П. Росія проти України (1990–2016 рр.): від політики шантажу і примусу до війни на поглинання та спроби знищення. – К.: «МП Леся», 2017. – 332 с. Template:ISBN
- State Agency for Investment and National Projects website (en)
- Ukraine: Quo Vadis?, edited by Sabine Fischer, Chaillot Paper No. 108, February 2008, European Union Institute for Security Studies
ReferencesEdit
Template:Sister project Template:Reflist
Template:Foreign relations of Ukraine Template:Ukraine topics Template:Foreign relations of Europe Template:Politics of Ukraine footer Template:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine