Nymph

A nymph (Template:Langx; {{#invoke:IPA|main}}; sometimes spelled nymphe) is a minor female nature deity in ancient Greek folklore. Distinct from other Greek goddesses, nymphs are generally regarded as personifications of nature; they are typically tied to a specific place, landform, or tree, and are usually depicted as maidens. Because of their association with springs, they were often seen as having healing properties;Template:Sfn other divine powers of the nymphs included divination and shapeshifting.Template:Sfn In spite of their divine nature, they were not immortal.<ref>Brill's New Pauly, s.v. Nymphs.</ref>

Nymphs are divided into various broad subgroups based on their habitat,Template:Sfn such as the Meliae (ash tree nymphs), the Dryads (oak tree nymphs), the Alseids (grove nymphs), the Naiads (spring nymphs), the Nereids (sea nymphs), the Oceanids (ocean nymphs), and the Oreads (mountain nymphs). Other nymphs included the Hesperides (evening nymphs), the Hyades (rain nymphs), and the Pleiades (companions of Artemis).

Nymphs featured in classic works of art, literature, and mythology. They are often attendants of goddesses and frequently occur in myths with a love motif, being the lovers of heroes and other deities.Template:Sfn Desirable and promiscuous, nymphs can rarely be fully domesticated, being often aggressive to their mortal affairs.Template:Sfn<ref name="Parad1997">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Since the Middle Ages, nymphs have been sometimes popularly associated or even confused with fairies.

Etymology

The Greek word {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} has the primary meaning of "young woman; bride, young wife" but is not usually associated with deities in particular. Yet the etymology of the noun {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} remains uncertain. The Doric and Aeolic (Homeric) form is {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}).<ref name="etymonline">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Modern usage more often applies to young women, contrasting with parthenos ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) "a virgin (of any age)", and generically as kore ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}} < {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) "maiden, girl". The term is sometimes used by women to address each other and remains the regular Modern Greek term for "bride".

Ancient Greek mythology

File:John William Waterhouse - Hylas and the Nymphs.jpg

In this 1896 painting of Hylas and the Nymphs by John William Waterhouse, Hylas is abducted by the Naiads, i.e. fresh water nymphs

Nymphs were sometimes beloved by many and dwelt in specific areas related to the natural environment: e.g. mountainous regions; forests; springs. Other nymphs were part of the retinue of a god (such as Dionysus, Hermes, or Pan) or of a goddess (generally the huntress Artemis).<ref name="Larson1997">Template:Cite journal</ref>

The Greek nymphs were also spirits invariably bound to places, not unlike the Latin genius loci, and sometimes this produced complicated myths like the cult of Arethusa to Sicily. In some of the works of the Greek-educated Latin poets, the nymphs gradually absorbed into their ranks the indigenous Italian divinities of springs and streams (Juturna, Egeria, Carmentis, Fontus) while the Lymphae (originally Lumpae), Italian water goddesses, owing to the accidental similarity of their names, could be identified with the Greek Nymphae. The classical mythologies of the Roman poets were unlikely to have affected the rites and cults of individual nymphs venerated by country people in the springs and clefts of Latium. Among the Roman literate class, their sphere of influence was restricted and they appear almost exclusively as divinities of the watery element.Template:Citation needed

Greek folk religion

The ancient Greek belief in nymphs survived in many parts of the country into the early years of the twentieth century when they were usually known as "nereids".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Nymphs often tended to frequent areas distant from humans but could be encountered by lone travelers outside the village, where their music might be heard, and the traveler could spy on their dancing or bathing in a stream or pool, either during the noon heat or in the middle of the night.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> They might appear in a whirlwind. Such encounters could be dangerous, bringing dumbness, besotted infatuation, madness or stroke to the unfortunate man. When parents believed their child to be nereid-struck, they would pray to the Saint Artemidos (Artemis), an example of "practical polytheism in the worship of the saints."<ref>"Heathen Artemis yielded her functions to her own genitive case transformed into Saint Artemidos", as Terrot Reaveley Glover phrased it in discussing the "practical polytheism in the worship of the saints", in Progress in Religion to the Christian Era 1922:107.</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Nymphs and fairies

Nymphs are often depicted in classic works across art, literature, mythology, and fiction. They are often associated with the medieval romances or Renaissance literature of the elusive fairies or elves.<ref name="Kready1916">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Sleeping nymph

File:Stourhead, Grotto, statue of a sleeping nymph.jpg

The statue of a sleeping nymph in a grotto at Stourhead gardens, England.

A motif that entered European art during the Renaissance was the idea of a statue of a nymph sleeping in a grotto or spring.<ref name="National Gallery of Art">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Campbell2004">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="AinsworthWaterman2013">Template:Cite book</ref> This motif supposedly came from an Italian report of a Roman sculpture of a nymph at a fountain above the River Danube.<ref name="Levenson(U.S.)1991">Template:Cite book</ref> The report, and an accompanying poem supposedly on the fountain describing the sleeping nymph, are now generally concluded to be a fifteenth-century forgery, but the motif proved influential among artists and landscape gardeners for several centuries after, with copies seen at neoclassical gardens such as the grotto at Stourhead.<ref name="Barkan1999">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="MacDougall1994">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Gross1992">Template:Cite book</ref>

List

All the names for various classes of nymphs have plural feminine adjectives, most agreeing with the substantive numbers and groups of nymphai. There is no single adopted classification that could be seen as canonical and exhaustive.<ref name="Rose1959">Template:Cite book</ref> Some classes of nymphs tend to overlap, which complicates the task of precise classification. e.g. dryads and hamadryads as nymphs of trees generally, meliai as nymphs of ash trees.<ref name="Rose1959"/> According to classicist Robin Hard, these terms "were hardly proper names at all, but feminine adjectives that could be assigned to the noun Template:Translit at will", adding that "[n]o orthodox or exhaustive classification of such beings was ever attempted, and ancient authors were often careless or arbitrary in the application of such titles".<ref>Hard, p. 210.</ref>

By dwelling or affinity

The following is not the authentic Greek classification, but is intended as a guide:

Type / Group / Individuals	Location	Relations and Notes
Celestial nymphs
Aurae (breezes)		also called Aetae or Pnoae,Template:Citation needed daughters of Boreas<ref>Quintus Smyrnaeus, 1.683 ff.</ref>
Hesperides (evening)	Far West	nymphs of the sunset, the West, and the evening; daughters of Atlas; also had attributes of the Hamadryads<ref>Diodorus Siculus, 4.26.2</ref>
• Aegle
• Arethusa
• Erytheia (or Eratheis)		mother of Eurytion by Ares<ref>Stesichorus, Geryoneis Frag S8</ref>
Hyades (star cluster; sent rain)	Boeotia (probably)	daughters of Atlas by either Pleione or Aethra<ref>Hyginus, Fabulae 192</ref>
Pleiades		daughters of Atlas and Pleione;<ref>Apollodorus, 3.10.1</ref> constellation; also were classed as Oreads
• Maia	Mt. Cyllene, Arcadia	partner of Zeus and mother of Hermes<ref>Hesiod, Theogony 938</ref>
• Electra	Mt. Saon, Samothrace	mother of Dardanus and Iasion by Zeus<ref>Apollodorus, 3.12.1</ref>
• Taygete	Taygetos Mts., Laconia	mother of Lacedaemon by Zeus<ref>Hyginus, Fabulae 155</ref>
• Alcyone	Mt. Cithaeron, Boeotia	mother of Hyperes and Anthas by Poseidon<ref>Pausanias, 2.30.8</ref>
• Celaeno	Mt. Cithaeron, Boeotia or Euboea	mother of Lycus and Nycteus by Poseidon<ref>Apollodorus, 3.10.1</ref>
• Asterope	Pisa, Elis	mother of Oenomaus by Ares<ref>Hyginus, Fabulae 84</ref>
• Merope	Corinth	wife of Sisyphus and mother of Glaucus<ref>Hyginus, Astronomica 2.21</ref>
Nephele (clouds)		daughters of Oceanus<ref>Aristophanes, Clouds 264</ref> and/or Tethys<ref>Orphic Hymn 22</ref> or of Aither<ref>Aristophanes, Clouds 563</ref>
Land nymphs
Alseides (groves)		<ref>Homer, Iliad 20.4</ref>
Auloniades (valleys, see also Napaeae)		<ref>Montanari, s.v. αὐλωνιάς, p. 338; Orphic Hymns 51.7 (Ricciardelli, pp. 134, 135).</ref>
Leimonides (meadows)		<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>
Napaeae (dells, see also Auloniades)		<ref>Statius, Thebaid 9.385</ref>
Oreads (mountains, grottoes), also Orodemniades
Wood and plant nymphs
Anthousai (flower nymphs)		<ref>Philostratus the Elder, Imagines 2.11.</ref>
Dryades (trees)
Hamadryades or Hadryades
Daphnaeae (laurel tree)
Epimeliades or Epimelides (apple tree; also protected flocks)		other name variants include Meliades, Maliades and Hamameliades; same as these are also the Boucolai (Pastoral Nymphs)
Kissiae (ivy)
Meliae (manna-ash tree)		born from the drops of blood that fell on Gaia when Cronus castrated Uranus<ref>Hesiod, Theogony 182–187</ref>
Hyleoroi (watchers of woods)
Water nymphs (Hydriades or Ephydriades)
Haliae (sea and seashores)
Nereids	Mediterranean Sea	50 daughters of Nereus and Doris<ref>Hesiod, Theogony 240-262</ref>
Naiads, Naides (fresh water)
Crinaeae (fountains)
3. Limnades, Limnatides (lakes)
4. Pegaeae (springs)
5. Potameides (rivers)
Oceanids			daughters of Oceanus and Tethys,<ref>Hesiod, Theogony 365–366</ref> any freshwater, typically clouds and rain. see List of Oceanids
Underworld nymphs
• Orphne	Hades	is a representation of the darkness of the river Styx, the river of hatred, but is not to be confused with the goddess Styx herself nor with Nyx, goddess of night, despite being associated with both. She is the consort of Acheron, (the god of the river in Hades), and the mother of Ascalaphus, (the orchardist of Hades).<ref>Ovid, Metamorphoses 5.539 ff</ref>
• Leuce (white poplar tree)		daughter of Oceanus and lover of Hades<ref>Servius, Commentary on Virgil's Aeneid 7.61</ref>
• Melinoe		Orphic nymph, daughter of Persephone and "Zeus disguised as Pluto".<ref>Orphic Hymn 71</ref> Her name is a possible epithet of Hecate.
• Minthe (mint)	Cocytus River	probably a daughter of Cocytus, lover of Hades and rival of Persephone<ref>Oppian, Halieutica 3.485 ff</ref><ref>Strabo, 8.3.14</ref>
Other nymphs
Lampades		torch bearers in the retinue of Hecate<ref>Scholia minora on Homer's Iliad, 6.21 [= Alcman, fr. 63 Campbell, pp. 438, 439 = fr. 63 PMG (Page, p. 53)].</ref>
Hecaterides (rustic dance)		daughters of Hecaterus by a daughter of Phoroneus; sisters of the Dactyls and mothers of the Oreads and the Satyrs<ref>Strabo, 10.3.19</ref>
Kabeirides		daughters of Cadmilus and sisters of the Kabeiroi<ref>Acusilaus Frag as cited in Strabo, 10.3.21</ref> or of Hephaestus and Cabeiro<ref>Strabo, 10.3.21 citing Pherecydes</ref>
Maenads or Bacchai or Bacchantes		frenzied nymphs in the retinue of Dionysus
Lenai (wine-press)
Limnakides		translated by Vian as "marsh nymphs" (Nymphes des Marais); older editions render their name as Limnaioi or Leimakides<ref>Vian, commentary on line 646, p. 120; Orphic Argonautica 646 (Vian, p. 120).</ref>
Mimallones (music)
Thyiai or Thyiades (thyrsus bearers)
Melissae (honey)		likely a subgroup of Oreades or Epimelides

By location

The following is a list of individual nymphs or groups thereof associated with this or that particular location. Nymphs in such groups could belong to any of the classes mentioned above (Naiades, Oreades, and so on).

Groups and Individuals	Location	Relations and Notes
Aeaean Nymphs	Aeaea Island	handmaidens of Circe
Aegaeides	Aegaeus River on the island of Scheria
Aesepides	Aesepus River in Anatolia
• Abarbarea
Acheloides	Achelous River in Acarnania
• Callirhoe, second wife of Alcmaeon
Acmenes	Stadium in Olympia, Elis
Amnisiades	Amnisos River on the island of Crete	entered the retinue of Artemis
Anigrides	Anigros River in Elis	believed to cure skin diseases
Asopides	Asopus River in Sicyonia and Boeotia
• Aegina	Island of Aegina	mother of Menoetius by Actor, and Aeacus by Zeus
• Asopis
• Chalcis	Chalcis, Euboea	regarded as the mother of the Curetes and Corybantes; perhaps the same as Combe and Euboea
• Cleone	Cleonae, Argos	one of the daughters of Asopus
• Combe	Island of Euboea	consort of Socus and mother by him of the seven Corybantes
• Corcyra	Island of Corcyra	mother of Phaiax by Poseidon
• Euboea	Island of Euboea	abducted by Poseidon; perhaps the same as Chalcis and Combe above
• Harpina	Pisa, Elis	mother of Oenomaus by Ares
• Ismene	Ismenian spring of Thebes, Boeotia	wife of Argus, eponymous king of Argus and thus, mother of Argus Panoptes and Iasus.
• Nemea	Nemea, Argolis	others called her the daughter of Zeus and Selene
• Oeroe or Plataia	Plataea, Boeotia	carried off by Zeus
• Ornea	Ornia, Sicyon
• Peirene	Corinth	others called her father to be Oebalus or Achelous by Poseidon she became the mother of Lecheas and Cenchrias
• Salamis	Island of Salamis	mother of Cychreus by Poseidon
• Sinope	Sinope, Anatolia	mother of Syrus by Apollo
• Tanagra	Tanagra, Boeotia	mother of Leucippus and Ephippus by Poemander
• Thebe	Thebes, Boeotia	wife of Zethus and also said to have consorted with Zeus
• Thespeia	Thespia, Boeotia	abducted by Apollo
Astakides	Lake Astacus, Bithynia	appeared in the myth of Nicaea
• Nicaea	Nicaea, Bithynia
Asterionides	Asterion River, Argos	daughters of the river god Asterion; nurses of the infant goddess Hera
• Acraea
• Euboea
• Prosymna
Carian Naiades (Caria)	Caria
• Salmacis	Halicarnassus, Caria
Nymphs of Ceos	Island of Ceos
Corycian Nymphs (Corycian Cave)	Corycian cave, Delphi, Phocis	daughters of the river god Pleistos
• Kleodora (or Cleodora)	Mt. Parnassus, Phocis	mother of Parnassus by Poseidon
• Corycia	Corycian cave, Delphi, Phocis	mother of Lycoreus by Apollo
• Daphnis	Mt. Parnassus, Phocis
• Melaina	Dephi, Phocis	mother of Delphos by Apollo
Cydnides	River Cydnus in Cilicia
Cyrenaean Nymphs	City of Cyrene, Libya
Cypriae Nymphs	Island of Cyprus
Cyrtonian Nymphs	Town of Cyrtone, Boeotia	Κυρτωνιαι
Deliades	Island of Delos	daughters of Inopus, god of the river Inopus
Dodonides	Oracle at Dodona
Erasinides	Erasinos River, Argos	daughters of the river god Erasinos; attendants of the goddess Britomartis.
• Anchiroe
• Byze
• Maera
• Melite
Nymphs of the river Granicus	River Granicus	daughters of the river-god Granicus
• Alexirhoe		mother of Aesacus by Priam
• Pegasis		mother of Atymnios by Emathion
Heliades	River Eridanos	daughters of Helios who were changed into trees
Himeriai Naiades	Local springs at the town of Himera, Sicily
Hydaspides	Hydaspers River, India	nurses of infant Zagreus
Idaean Nymphs	Mount Ida, Crete	nurses of infant Zeus
• Ida
• Adrasteia
Inachides	Inachos River, Argos	daughters of the river god Inachus
• Io		mother of Epaphus by Zeus
• Amymone
• Philodice		wife of Leucippus of Messenia by whom she became the mother of Hilaeira, Phoebe and possibly Arsinoe
• Messeis
• Hyperia
• Mycene		wife of Arestor and by him probably the mother of Argus Panoptes; eponym of Mycenae
Ionides	Kytheros River in Elis	daughters of the river god Cytherus
• Calliphaea
• Iasis
• Pegaea
• Synallaxis
Ithacian Nymphs	Local springs and caves on the island of Ithaca
Ladonides	Ladon River
Lamides or Lamusides	Lamos River in Cilicia	possible nurses of infant Dionysus
Leibethrides	Mounts Helicon and Leibethrios in Boeotia; or Mount Leibethros in Thrace)
• Libethrias
• Petra
Lelegeides	Lycia, Anatolia
Lycaean Nymphs	Mount Lycaeus	nurses of infant Zeus, perhaps a subgroup of the Oceanides
Melian Nymphs	Island of Melos	transformed into frogs by Zeus; not to be confused with the Meliae (ash tree nymphs
Mycalessides	Mount Mycale in Caria, Anatolia
Mysian Nymphs	Spring of Pegai near Lake Askanios in Bithynia	who abducted Hylas
• Euneica
• Malis
• Nycheia
Naxian Nymphs	Mount Drios on the island of Naxos	nurses of infant Dionysus; were syncretized with the Hyades
• Cleide
• Coronis
• Philia
Neaerides	Thrinacia Island	daughters of Helios and Neaera, watched over Helios' cattle
Nymphaeides	Nymphaeus River in Paphlagonia
Nysiads	Mount Nysa	nurses of infant Dionysos, identified with Hyades
Ogygian Nymphs	Island of Ogygia	four handmaidens of Calypso
Ortygian Nymphs	Local springs of Syracuse, Sicily	named for the island of Ortygia
Othreides	Mount Othrys	a local group of Hamadryads
Pactolides	Pactolus River
• Euryanassa		wife of Tantalus
Pelionides	Mount Pelion	nurses of the Centaurs
Phaethonides		a synonym for the Heliades
Phaseides	Phasis River
Rhyndacides	Rhyndacus River in Mysia	daughters of the river god Rhyndacus
Sithnides	Fountain at the town of Megara
Spercheides	River Spercheios	one of them, Diopatra, was loved by Poseidon and the others were changed by him into trees
Sphragitides, or Cithaeronides	Mount Cithaeron
Tagids, Tajids, Thaejids or Thaegids	River Tagus in Portugal and Spain
Thessalides	Peneus River in Thessaly
Thriae	Mount Parnassos	prophets and nurses of Apollo
Trojan Nymphs	Local springs of Troy

Others

The following is a selection of names of the nymphs whose class was not specified in the source texts. For lists of Naiads, Oceanids, Dryades etc., see respective articles.

Individual names of some of the nymphs

Names	Location	Relations and Notes
Alphesiboea	India	loved by Dionysus<ref>Pseudo-Plutarch, De fluviis 24</ref>
Aora	Crete	eponym of the town Aoros in Crete<ref>Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica s.v. Aōros</ref>
Areia		daughter of Cleochus and mother of Miletus by Apollo<ref name="Apollodorus, Bibliotheca, 3. 1. 2">Apollodorus, 3.1.2</ref>
Axioche or Danais	Elis	mother of Chrysippus by Pelops<ref>Scholia on Euripides, Orestes, 4; on Pindar, Olympian Ode 1.144</ref><ref>Plutarch, Parallela minora 33</ref>
Brettia	Mysia	eponym of Abrettene, Mysia<ref>Stephanus of Byzantium, s.v. Abrettēnē</ref>
Brisa		brought up the god Dionysus<ref>Schol. ad Pers. Sat. i. 76.</ref>
Calybe	Troy	mother of Bucolion, Laomedon<ref>Apollodorus, 3.12.3</ref>
Carmentis or Carmenta	Arcadia	She had a son with Hermes, called Evander. Her son was the founder of Pallantium, one of the cities that was merged later into ancient Rome.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Chalcea		mother of Olympus by Zeus<ref name="autogenerated1">Pseudo-Clement, Recognitions 10.21–23</ref>
Chania		a lover of Heracles
Chariclo	Thebes	mother of Tiresias by Everes<ref>Apollodorus, 3.6.7</ref>
Charidia		mother of Alchanus by Zeus<ref name="autogenerated1"/>
Chryse	Lemnos	fell in love with Philoctetes<ref>Sophocles, Philoctetes 1327</ref>
Cirrha	Phocis	eponym of Cirrha in Phocis<ref>Pausanias, 10.37.5</ref>
Clymene		mother of Tlesimenes by Parthenopaeus<ref>Hyginus, Fabulae 71</ref>
Cretheis		briefly mentioned in Suda<ref>Suida, s.v. Kretheus</ref>
Crimisa	Italy	eponym of a city in Italy<ref>Stephanus of Byzantium, s.v. Krimisa</ref>
Deiopea		one of Hera's nymphs who was promised to Aeolus<ref>Virgil, Aeneid 1.71-75</ref>
Dodone	Dodona	eponym of Dodona<ref>Stephanus of Byzantium, s.v. Dodone</ref>
Echemeia	Cos	spelled "Ethemea" by Hyginus, consort of Merops<ref>Hyginus, Astronomica 2.16.2</ref>
Eidothea	Mt. Othrys	mother by Eusiros of Cerambus<ref>Antoninus Liberalis, 22 vs Cerambus</ref>
Eunoë	Phrygia	possible mother of Hecuba by Dymas<ref>Scholia on Homer's Iliad 16. 718 with Pherecydes as the authority</ref>
Eunoste	Boeotia (possibly)	nurse of Eunostus<ref>Plutarch, Quaestiones Graecae 40</ref>
Euryte	Athens	mother of Halirrhothius by Poseidon<ref>Apollodorus, 3.14.2</ref>
Harmonia	Akmonian Wood, near Themiscyra	mother of the Amazons by Ares<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Hegetoria	Rhodes	consort of Ochimus<ref>Diodorus Siculus, 5.57.7</ref>
Hemera		mother of Iasion by Zeus
Himalia	Rhodes	mother of Cronius, Spartaios, and Cytos by Zeus<ref>Diodorus Siculus, 5.55.5</ref>
Hyale		belongs to the train of Artemis<ref>Ovid, Metamorphoses 3.155</ref>
Hyllis	Argos	possible eponym of the tribe Hylleis and the city Hylle<ref>Stephanus of Byzantium, s.v. Hylleis</ref>
Idaea	Crete	mother of Cres<ref>Stephanus of Byzantium, s.v. Krētē</ref> and Asterion<ref name="autogenerated1" /> by Zeus
Idaea	Mt. Ida, Troad	mother of Teucer by Scamander<ref>Apollodorus, 3.12.1</ref>
Ithome	Messenia	one of the nurses of Zeus<ref>Pausanias, 4.33.1</ref>
Laodice	Argolis (possibly)	mother of Apis by PhoroneusTemplate:Citation needed
Leucophryne	Magnesia (possibly)	priestess of Artemis Leucophryne
Lotis		pursued by Priapus and was changed into a tree that bears her name<ref>Ovid, Fasti 1.416 & 1.423; Metamorphoses, 9.347</ref>
Ma		nymph in the suite of Rhea who nursed Zeus
Melanippe	Attica (possibly)	married Itonus, son of Amphictyon<ref>Pausanias, 9.1.1</ref>
Melissa	Crete	nurse of Zeus<ref>Lactantius, Divine Institutes 1.22.3</ref>
Mendeis	Thrace	consort of Sithon<ref name="Conon, Narrations, 10">Conon, Narrations 10</ref>
Menodice		daughter of Orion and mother of Hylas by Theiodamas<ref>Hyginus, Fabulae 14</ref>
Methone	Pieria	mother of Oeagrus by King Pierus of Emathia<ref>Of the Origin of Homer and Hesiod and their Contest, Fragment 1. Translated by Evelyn-White.</ref>
Myrmex	Attica	beloved companion of Athena whom she turned into an ant<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology s.v. Myrmex</ref>
Nacole	Phrygia	eponym of Nacoleia in Phrygia<ref>Suida, s.v. Nakoleia</ref>
Neaera	Thrinacia	mother of Lampetia and Phaethusa by Helios<ref>Homer, Odyssey 12.133 ff</ref>
Neaera		mother of Aegle by ZeusTemplate:Citation needed
Neaera	Lydia	mother of Dresaeus by Theiodamas<ref>Quintus Smyrnaeus, 1.290–291</ref>
Nymphe	Samothrace	mother of Saon by Zeus<ref name="Dionysius2">Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Antiquitates Romanae 1.61.3</ref>
Oeneis		mother of Pan by Hermes<ref>Scholiast ad Theocritus, 1.3</ref>
Oinoie	Sicinus	mother of Sicinus by Thoas<ref>Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 1.620 ff with scholia on 1.623</ref>
Olbia	Bithynia	mother of Astacus by Poseidon<ref>Stephanus of Byzantium, s.v. Astakos</ref>
Paphia		possibly the mother of Cinyras by Eurymedon<ref>Scholia on Pindar, Pythian Ode 2.28</ref>
Pareia	Paros	mother of four sons by Minos<ref>Apollodorus, 3.1.2</ref>
Polydora		one of the Danaïdes<ref>Antoninus Liberalis, 32</ref>
Pyronia		mother of Iasion by Minos
Psalacantha	Icaria	changed into a plant by Dionysus<ref>Ptolemy Hephaestion, New History 5 in Photius, Myrobiblion 190</ref>
Rhene	Mt. Cyllene, Arcadia	consorted with Oileus<ref>Homer, Iliad 2.728</ref>
Semestra	Thrace	nurse of Keroessa<ref name="Dionysius of Byzantium">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Teledice	Argolis (possibly)	a consort of Phoroneus<ref>Apollodorus, 2.1.1 </ref>
Thalia	Sicily	mother of the Palici by Zeus<ref>Macrobius, Saturnalia 5.19.15</ref>
Thisbe	Boeotia	eponym of the town of Thisbe<ref>Pausanias, 9.32.3</ref>
Tithorea	Mt. Parnassus, Phocis	eponym of the town of Tithorea (previously called Neon)<ref>Pausanias, 10.32.9</ref>

In non-Greek tales influenced by Greek mythology

• Sabrina (the river Severn)
• Tágides (Tagus River)

Gallery

• Hylas Saint-Romain-en Gal 07 2011.jpg

  Hylas and nymphs from a mosaic in Roman Gaul (3rd century)

• Sátiro y ninfa..JPG

  Fight between Nymph and Satyr, Naples National Archaeological Museum

• Lucas Cranach d.Ä. - Ruhende Quellnymphe (Washington, D.C.).jpg

  The Nymph of the Spring
  by Lucas Cranach the Elder
  National Gallery of Art
  (Template:Circa)

• Nymphe et satyr - Nicolas Poussin - Musée Pouchkine Moscou.jpg

  Nymphe and Satyr by Nicolas Poussin - Pushkin Museum, Moscow (between 1626 and 1628)

• Sleepingnymph.jpg

  A Sleeping Nymph Watched by a Shepherd by Angelica Kauffman (about 1780, V&A Museum no. 23–1886)

• Makovsky - satyr-and-nymph.jpg

  Satyr and nymph by Konstantin Makovsky (1864)

• Nymphs and Satyr, by William-Adolphe Bouguereau.jpg

  Nymphs and Satyr by William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1873)

• Pleiades by Elihu Vedder.jpg

  The Pleiades by Elihu Vedder (1885)

• Nymphe, by Luis Ricardo Falero.jpg

  A naiad by Luis Ricardo Falero (1892)

• Adolf Hiremy-Hirschl, Die Seelen des Acheron.jpg

  The Souls of Acheron by Adolf Hirémy-Hirschl (1898)

• Bildplatte Oreade.jpg

  Young oread, on German porcelain plate (late 19th century)

• Sir Edward John Poynter — Cave of the Storm Nymphs.jpg

  The Cave of the Storm Nymphs by Sir Edward John Poynter (1903)

• Echo and Narcissus by John William Waterhouse.jpg

  Echo, an Oread (mountain nymph) watches Narcissus in this 1903 painting of Echo and Narcissus by John William Waterhouse

• Nymph with morning glory flowers.jpg

  Nymph with morning glory flowers by Jules Joseph Lefebvre

• La Nymphe de la Foret.jpg

  La Nymphe de la Foret by Guillaume Seignac

See also

• Animism
• Apsaras
• Dryad
• Fairy
• Houri
• Kami
• Mimi
• Naiad
• Nereid
• Nunnehi
• Nymphaeum
• Pitsa panels
• Plant soul
• Rå
• Xian
• Vila
• Yakshini
• Zana
• List of Greek deities

References

• Template:Cite book
• Brill's New Pauly: Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World. Antiquity, Volume 9, Mini – Obe, edited by Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider, Brill, 2006. Template:ISBN.
• Campbell, David A., Greek Lyric, Volume II: Anacreon, Anacreontea, Choral Lyric from Olympus to Alcman, Loeb Classical Library No. 143, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1988. Template:ISBN. Online version at Harvard University Press. Internet Archive.
• Template:Cite book
• Hard, Robin, The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology", London and New York, Routledge, 2004. Template:ISBN. {{#invoke:doi|main}}.
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• Montanari, Franco, The Brill Dictionary of Ancient Greek, edited by Madeleine Goh and Chad Schroeder, Leiden, Brill, 2015. Template:ISBN.
• Page, Denys Lionel, Sir, Poetae Melici Graeci, Oxford University Press, 1962. Template:ISBN.
• Philostratus the Elder, Imagines, in Philostratus the Elder, Imagines. Philostratus the Younger, Imagines. Callistratus, Descriptions, translated by Arthur Fairbanks, Loeb Classical Library No. 256, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1931. Template:ISBN. Harvard University Press.
• Ricciardelli, Gabriella, Inni Orfici, Fondazione Lorenzo Valla, 2000. Template:ISBN.
• Template:Cite book
• Vian, Francis, Les Argonautiques orphiques, Collection Budé, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 2003. Template:ISBN.

External links

• The Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (images of Nymphs)
• Template:Wiktionary-inline
• Template:Commons category-inline