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Shipyard

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File:Monaco Marine Antibes.jpg
Monaco Marine
File:Constanta shipyard.JPG
Constanța Shipyard, Romania
File:Viking XPRS Turku Repair Yard Jan 2014.jpg
Turku Repair Yard, Finland
File:Dubai Maritime City on 8 May 2008 Pict 3.jpg
Dubai Maritime City, Dubai, UAE

A shipyard, also called a dockyard or boatyard, is a place where ships are built and repaired. These can be yachts, military vessels, cruise liners or other cargo or passenger ships. Compared to shipyards, which are sometimes more involved with original construction, dockyards are sometimes more linked with maintenance and basing activities. The terms are routinely used interchangeably, in part because the evolution of dockyards and shipyards has often caused them to change or merge roles.

Countries with large shipbuilding industries include Australia, Brazil, China, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, the Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, Sweden, Taiwan, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, the United States and Vietnam. The shipbuilding industry is more fragmented in Europe than in Asia where countries tend to have fewer, larger companies. Many naval vessels are built or maintained in shipyards owned or operated by the national government or navy.

Shipyards are constructed near the sea or tidal rivers to allow easy access for their ships. The United Kingdom, for example, has shipyards on many of its rivers.

The site of a large shipyard will contain many specialised cranes, dry docks, slipways, dust-free warehouses, painting facilities and extremely large areas for fabrication of the ships. After a ship's useful life is over, it makes its final voyage to a ship-breaking yard, often on a beach in South Asia. Historically ship-breaking was carried out in drydock in developed countries, but high wages and environmental regulations have resulted in movement of the industry to third-world regions.

HistoryEdit

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The oldest structure sometimes identified as a dockyardTemplate:Efn was built Template:Circa by the Indus Valley civilisation in the Harappan port city of Lothal (in present-day Gujarat, India).<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} </ref> Lothal's dockyards connected to an ancient course of the Sabarmati river on the trade route between Harappan cities in Sindh and the peninsula of Saurashtra when the present-day surrounding Kutch desert formed a part of the Arabian Sea.

Lothal engineers accorded high priority to the creation of a dockyard and a warehouse to serve the purposes of maritime trade.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The dock was built on the eastern flank of the town, and is regarded by archaeologists as an engineering feat of the highest order. It was located away from the main current of the river to avoid silting, but provided access to ships at high tide as well.

The name of the ancient Greek city on the Gulf of Corinth, Naupactus, means "shipyard" (combination of the Greek words ναύς naus: "ship, boat"; and πήγνυμι pêgnumi, pegnymi: "builder, fixer"). Naupactus' reputation in this field extended back into legendary times – the site is traditionally identified by Greek authors such as Ephorus and Strabo as the place where a fleet was said to have been built by the legendary Heraclidae<ref> Template:Cite book </ref> to invade the Peloponnesus.

In the Spanish city of Barcelona, the Drassanes shipyards were active from at least the mid-13th century until the 18th century, although at times they served as a barracks for troops as well as an arsenal. During their time of operation the Drassanes were continuously changed, rebuilt and modified, but two original towers and part of the original eight construction-naves remain today. The site is currently a maritime museum.

From the 14th century, several hundred years before the Industrial Revolution, ships were the first items to be manufactured in a factory – in the Venice Arsenal of the Venetian Republic in present-day Italy. The Arsenal apparently mass-produced nearly one ship every day using pre-manufactured parts and assembly lines. At its height in the 16th century the enterprise employed 16,000 people.

Spain built component ships of the Great Armada of 1588 at ports such as Algeciras or Málaga.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Historic shipyardsEdit

  • Lothal in Gujarat, India circa 2400 BC to 1900 BC<ref name=":0" />
  • Naupactus
  • Tel Abu Saifi, Northern Sinai, a 4th-century BCE, Ptolemaic Era, Egyptian dockyard, with two dry docks.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Prominent dockyards and shipyardsEdit

AfricaEdit

North AmericaEdit

File:Norfolk Ship Yard.jpg
Aerial view of Norfolk Naval Shipyard
File:Shipyard with fully enclosed assembly building.webp
Donjon shipyard with fully enclosed assembly building in Erie, Pennsylvania

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> is the largest such facility on the United States West Coast.

South AmericaEdit

File:Jacuecanga Angra dos Reis Rio de Janeiro Brazil Brasfels.JPG
Brasfels Shipyard – Rio de Janeiro

EuropeEdit

File:Girvan shipyard, Ayrshire.JPG
Girvan shipyard Alexander Noble and son, Ayrshire Scotland
File:Luftaufnahmen -Papenburg- 2013 by-RaBoe 076.jpg
Meyer Werft shipyard in Papenburg, Germany

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> is an Italian shipbuilding company based in Trieste, Italy. It was formed in 1959 and is the largest shipbuilder in Europe, and one of the largest in the world. The company has built both commercial and military vessels during its history.

File:LaNaval de Sestao.jpg
LaNaval shipyard in Bilbao, Spain

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Facilities in the local area also include a major naval training establishment and a base for the Royal Marines.

  • Chatham Dockyard, located on the River Medway in Kent, was established as a royal dockyard by Queen Elizabeth I in 1567. For 414 years, the Dockyard provided over 500 ships for the Royal Navy, and was forefront of shipbuilding, industrial and architectural technology. At its height, it employed over 10,000 skilled artisans and covered 400 acres (1.6 km2). The dockyard closed in 1984, and most of the Georgian dockyard is now managed as a visitor attraction by the Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust.
  • Damen Shiprepair in Brest, France. It operates three drydocks, up to Template:Convert.
  • Sunderland, County Durham a town once hailed as the "Largest Shipbuilding Town in the World".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> ships were built at the Sunderland Docks from at least 1346<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and by the mid-18th century Sunderland was one of the chief shipbuilding towns in the country.

  • Constanța Shipyard in Romania on the shores of the Black Sea Basin.
  • Mangalia Shipyard again in Romania, Template:Convert south of the port of Constanța.
  • Galați shipyard Galați is the largest naval shipyard on the Danube, given its strategic positioning inland but with access to the sea through either Sulina or Danube-Black Sea canal its output ranges from large tankers to research vessels, yachts and small coast guard patrol boats. The yard is known for taking on specialty projects and under Damen has completed over such 250 vessels since 1999.
  • The Black Sea Shipyard in Mykolaiv, Ukraine, is one of the largest shipyards in Europe, and is where all Soviet and Russian aircraft carriers were built.

East AsiaEdit

  • Kawasaki Shipbuilding Corporation's Kobe Shipyard & Machinery Works in Japan builds oil tankers, LNG carriers, bulk carriers, container ships, Ro/Ro vessels, jetfoils and warships for the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
  • Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding's Tamano Works builds bulk carriers, ore carriers, crude oil tankers, oil product carriers, LNG carriers, LPG carriers, reefers, container ships, pure car carriers, cargo ships, patrol vessels, ocean surveillance ships, training vessels, fishery patrol boats and fishing boats
  • Mitsubishi Heavy Industries's Nagasaki Shipyard & Machinery Works primarily produces specialized commercial vessels, including LNG carriers, oil tankers and passenger cruise ships
  • Hyundai Heavy Industries Ulsan Shipyard & Gunsan shipyard, in South Korea, is currently the largest in the world and has the capability to build a variety of vessels including Commercial Cargo, FPSO offshore, container ship, LNG Carrier, Car carriers, Tankers like VLCC & ULCC, Iron ore carrier and Naval vessels like Aegis destroyers & submarines.
  • Hyundai Samho Heavy Industries Samho shipyard near Mokpo 4th largest South Korean shipyard for VLCC Oil tankers, container ships & LNG, Offshore, Subsidiary of Hyundai heavy industries.
  • CSBC Corporation, Taiwan, in Taiwan, is a private company that produces ships for civilian and military use. It was a state-owned enterprise of Taiwan (Republic of China) but transitioned to private ownership via an IPO in 2008. It is headquartered in Kaohsiung and shipyards in Kaohsiung and Keelung.
  • Yantai Raffles Shipyard, in Yantai, China, is that country's largest offshore builder. It employs the 20,000 ton crane Taisun, the holder of the Heavy Lift World Record.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Yantai Raffles' portfolio includes offshore platforms, pipe lay and other specialized vessels.

South East AsiaEdit

File:Shipbuilding yard.jpg
Visakhapatnam Shipyard

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Sattahip, Thailand

  • Bason Shipyard, in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, is a long-standing builder that was established by the French government in April 1863 to repair warships and merchant vessels. Aside from its main function of building and repairing naval vessels, Bason also offers service to local and foreign customers from Southeast Asia and Europe.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

South Asia and the Middle EastEdit

File:Cochin Ship Yard Cranes.JPG
Cranes in Cochin Shipyard (India).
File:Dhaka Shipyard - panorama.jpg
Dhaka Shipyard
File:Dhaka Shipyard - welding propellers.JPG
Dhaka Shipyard – welding propellers

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • The Jebel Ali and Dubai ports in the UAE are capable of handling, constructing and repairing large ships. They also provide dry dock facilities.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • The gate 7 of Shuwaikh port in the Kuwait has facility for repairing ships. They also provide dry dock facilities.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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See alsoEdit

NotesEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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  • Shipbuilding History – extensive collection of information about North American shipyards, including over 500 pages of US shipyard construction records

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