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Shibuya

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Template:Nihongo is a special ward in Tokyo, Japan. A major commercial center, Shibuya houses one of the busiest railway stations in the world, Shibuya Station.

As of January 1, 2024, Shibuya Ward has an estimated population of 230,609 in 142,443 households<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and a population density of Template:Convert. The total area is Template:Convert. Notable neighborhoods and districts of Shibuya include Harajuku, Ebisu, Omotesandō, Yoyogi and Sendagaya.

Shibuya came into the possession of the Shibuya clan in the early 1160s, after which the area was named. The branch of the clan that ruled this area was defeated by the Later Hōjō clan on January 13, 1524, during the Sengoku period, and the area then came under their control.<ref name=":8">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> During the Edo period, Shibuya, particularly Maruyamachō on Dōgenzaka, prospered as a town on Oyama Road (present-day Route 246), and in the Meiji era, as a Hanamachi. Shibuya emerged as a railway terminus during the expansion of the railway network beginning in the 19th century, and was incorporated as a ward in the City of Tokyo on October 1, 1932.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Shibuya, once a mediocre area developed around the railway terminus, overtook Shinjuku as a hub for youth culture in the 1970s. The coinciding competition between Seibu (whose most notable development projects include Shibuya Parco) and Tokyu (Tokyu Hands,Shibuya 109) to develop the area as a commercial center added to its appeal to young people, which in turn spread to other neighborhoods in the ward, such as Harajuku.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Shibuya Scramble Crossing, known as the busiest pedestrian crossing in the world, the panoramic view of the city from the rooftop of Shibuya Scramble Square, and the statue of Hachikō are internationally recognized tourist attractions.<ref name="cnn">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Since the beginning of the 21st century, large-scale redevelopment has been underway in the area surrounding Shibuya Station. The scale of the project has been described as something that happens once in a hundred years.<ref name="tjt090525">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2005, the Japanese government designated the district as an Urban Renewal Area. Following discussions among scholars, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Shibuya City Office, and railway operators such as Tokyu Corporation, JR East, and Tokyo Metro, a master plan was announced in 2008.<ref name="tmg300608">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2010, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government approved the implementation of the redevelopment plan, and full-scale construction officially began.<ref name="tmg131010">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> As part of the redevelopment, the existing station facilities were demolished. The Tōyoko Line was moved underground, the Ginza Line platform was relocated, and the Saikyō Line platform was placed parallel to the Yamanote Line platform. Several existing commercial buildings were also demolished and replaced by high-rise complexes such as Shibuya Hikarie, Shibuya Stream, Shibuya Fukuras (ja), Shibuya Sakura Stage (ja), and Shibuya Scramble Square.<ref name="sc110225">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Because railway operations had to continue during construction, and because the pedestrian network plan around the station was revised during the process, the overall completion of the redevelopment is now scheduled for fiscal year 2034, which is seven years later than originally planned.<ref name="tjt090525"/><ref name="tt090525">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

HistoryEdit

File:Wiki jizo pano.jpg
Maruyamachō was the commercial center of the area in the Edo period.

Shibuya came into the possession of the Shibuya clan in the early 1160s, after which the area was named. The clan was a cadet branch of the Taira clan descended from Taira no Yoshifumi. The clan built a fortress near the present-day Konnō Hachimangu Shrine. The branch of the clan that ruled this area was defeated by the Later Hōjō clan on January 13, 1524, during the Sengoku period, and the area then came under their control.<ref name=":8" /> During the Edo period, Shibuya, particularly Maruyamachō on Dōgenzaka, prospered as a town on Oyama Road (present-day Route 246), and in the Meiji era, as a Hanamachi.

The village of Shibuya was incorporated in 1889 by the merger of the villages of Kami-Shibuya, Naka-Shibuya and Shimo-Shibuya within Minami-Toshima County (Toyotama County from 1896). The village covered the territory of modern-day Shibuya Station area as well as the Hiroo, Daikanyama, Aoyama, and Ebisu areas. Shibuya became a town in 1909. The town of Shibuya merged with the neighboring towns of Sendagaya (which included the modern Senda, Harajuku and Jingumae areas) and Yoyohata (which included the modern Yoyogi and Hata areas) to form Shibuya-ku suburban ward upon being absorbed into Tokyo City in 1932. Shibuya became an urban special ward under the Local Autonomy Act in 1947.

The Tokyu Toyoko Line opened in 1932, making Shibuya a key terminal between Tokyo and Yokohama, and was joined by the forerunner of the Keio Inokashira Line in 1933 and the forerunner of the Tokyo Metro Ginza Line in 1938. The story of Hachikō, a dog who waited for his deceased master at Shibuya Station every day from 1923 to 1935, created a national sensation due to his unwavering loyalty. A statue of Hachikō was built adjacent to the station, and the surrounding Hachikō Square is now one of the most popular meeting points in the area.

File:View of Shibuya circa 1960.jpg
Aerial photo of Shibuya Station, Template:Circa

During the occupation of Japan, Yoyogi Park was used as a housing compound for U.S. personnel known as "Washington Heights". The U.S. military left in 1964, and much of the park was repurposed as venues for the 1964 Summer Olympics. The ward itself served as part of the athletics 50 km walk and marathon course during the 1964 games.<ref>1964 Summer Olympics official report. Volume 2. Part 1. p. 74.</ref>

In the mid-1990s, Shibuya-kei, a microgenre of pop music, became mainstream in Japan. Distinguished by a "cut-and-paste" approach, it peaked in the late 1990s and declined after its principal players began moving onto other music styles.

Shibuya Stream, a skyscraper and retail complex, was completed in 2018. The East Wing of a mixed-use skyscraper, Shibuya Scramble Square, was completed in August 2019. A shopping mall, Shibuya Fukuras, was completed in October 2019.

Miyashita Park closed in 2017 and reopened in July 2020 as a shopping complex with a rooftop park.

GeographyEdit

File:South of Shibuya.jpg
South of Shibuya in 2020

Shibuya includes many well-known commercial and residential districts such as Daikanyama, Ebisu, Harajuku, Hiroo, Higashi, Omotesandō, Sendagaya, and Yoyogi.

DistrictsEdit

File:Shibuya seen from Roppongi Hills Mori Tower on a clear winter day 2.jpg
Shibuya seen from Roppongi Hills Mori Tower

DemographicsEdit

Per Japanese census data, the population is rising again after decline between 1960 and 2000.Template:Historical populations

Politics and governmentEdit

Shibuya is run by a city assembly of 34 elected members. The mayor is Ken Hasebe, an independent.

ElectionsEdit

Same-sex partnership certificateEdit

In 2015, as the council passed "Ordinance for Promoting Respect of Gender Equality and Diversity in the Ward",<ref name=":0">Template:Cite journal</ref> Shibuya Ward became the first Japanese municipality that issues same-sex partnership certificates.<ref name=":1">.{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> According to this ordinance, same-sex couples who live in Shibuya are allowed "to rent apartments together, and have gained hospital visitation rights as family members".<ref name=":1" /> The ordinance was intended to bring three benefits to same-sex couples: "(1) rental housing within the ward (co-signing of tenancy agreements for municipal/public housing), (2) medical institutions within the ward (hospital visitation and medical decision-making rights as family members), and (3) employment conditions within the ward (e.g. family benefits, congratulations and condolence leave)".<ref name=":0" /> In order to apply for the certificate, couples must be 20-years-old or older residents of Shibuya Ward and have to state that "their relationship is based on love and mutual trust" in a notarized document.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite news</ref> Koyuki Higashi (a former member of the Takarazuka Revue) and Hiroko Masuhara (an entrepreneur), a lesbian couple, were the first to receive this certification.<ref name=":2" /> Since the Shibuya Ward passed the ordinance, seven other municipalities in Japan have begun offering similar certificates.<ref name=":3">Template:Cite news</ref>

The BBC notes that in practice, the ordinance is not binding, though their names will be posted on the ward's website if they violate the ordinance.<ref name=":4">Template:Cite news</ref> Shimizu says the system "is not equivalent to marriage, as it does not accord same-sex couples the same rights as heterosexual couples when it comes to inheritance, joint filing of taxes, or social welfare".<ref name=":0" /> As it requires at least a hundred thousand yen to apply for the certificate, it can be restrictive to some couples.<ref name=":5">Template:Cite news</ref> Shimizu argues that Shibuya Ward has been criticized for pinkwashing as "while passing this ordinance, the administration also moved to expel the homeless in Miyashita Park and other parks in the ward".<ref name=":0" /> Pointing out that the mayor of Shibuya Ward in an interview stated that this is not a matter of human rights, but of diversity, Yuri Horie claimed that the term of diversity seems to be used to divide citizens into the good and the bad; it raises only the ones who contribute to the consumeristic society as representer of "diversity of sexuality" while excluding the useless ones.<ref name=":6">Template:Cite news</ref> Yuki Tsuchiya, a lesbian activist, also argues that LGBT individuals are used to promote the ward.<ref name=":7">Template:Cite news</ref>

Sightseeing and local landmarksEdit

File:Shibuya scramble square sky view of crossing (48995414042).jpg
Shibuya's scramble crossing from Shibuya Sky observation deck

Shibuya is famous for its scramble crossing, called Shibuya Crossing.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It is located in front of the Shibuya Station Hachikō exit and stops vehicles in all directions to allow pedestrians to inundate the entire intersection. Shibuya Crossing is the "world's busiest pedestrian crossing", with upwards of 3,000 people at a time.<ref name="asahi_2016-04-22">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="cnn_2019-08-25">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A statue of the dog Hachikō, remembered for his unwavering loyalty to his deceased owner, is installed outside Shibuya Station. The statue and its surrounding Hachikō Square are a common meeting place and are almost always crowded. On the southwest side of Shibuya Station, there is a Moyai statue, given to Shibuya by the people of Niijima Island in 1980.

Green areasEdit

File:Yoyogi Park from Hyatt.jpg
Yoyogi Park

Commercial complexesEdit

File:2019 Shibuya Scramble Square 1.jpg
Shibuya Scramble Square
and Shibuya Hikarie (left)

Cultural institutionsEdit

Religious institutionsEdit

File:Meiji-jingu geiheiden.jpg
Meiji Shrine

StreetsEdit

File:Harajuku - Omotesando 01 (15555117880).jpg
Omotesandō
File:Shibuya - Hotel Sunreon (love hotel) 01 (15554736517).jpg
Love hotels concentrated in Dōgenzaka

OthersEdit

File:Kokuritsu Yoyogi Kyōgijō 1.jpg
Yoyogi National Gymnasium

TransportationEdit

File:Shibuya Station.1963.jpg
Aerial view around Shibuya Station in June 1963
File:Shibuya Toyoko Line.jpg
The former Tokyu Toyoko Line station (now demolished)
File:SHUTO EXPWY 3.JPG
Shuto Expressway No.3 Shibuya Route

RailEdit

The main station in Shibuya is Shibuya Station. The southern half of Shinjuku Station, including the New South Entrance, is located in Shibuya.

HighwayEdit

EconomyEdit

File:NTT DoCoMo Yoyogi Building 2009 cropped.jpg
NTT Docomo Yoyogi Building

Several companies are headquartered in Shibuya.

Calpis,<ref>"Company Outline Template:Webarchive." Calpis. Retrieved on February 12, 2010.</ref> Casio,<ref name="Corpinfo">"Corporate." Casio. Retrieved on February 25, 2009</ref> Mixi,<ref>"Company Overview Template:Webarchive." Mixi. Retrieved on April 3, 2012. "Headquarter address Sumitomo Fudosan Shibuya First Tower 7F, 1-2-20 Higashi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-0011, Japan"</ref> Niwango,<ref>"会社情報 Template:Webarchive." Niwango. Retrieved on February 26, 2011. "〒150-0001　東京都渋谷区神宮前1-15-2 ニコニコ本社ビル."</ref> Nihon Dempa Kogyo,<ref>"Profile." Nihon Dempa Kogyo. Retrieved on May 16, 2019.</ref> and Tokyu Corporation have their headquarters in Shibuya.<ref>"会社概要 Template:Webarchive." Tokyu Corporation. Retrieved on November 27, 2009.</ref> East Japan Railway Company<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:In lang</ref> have their headquarters in Yoyogi, Shibuya. 81 Produce has its headquarters in Tomigaya, Shibuya.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Former operationsEdit

At one time Smilesoft had its headquarters in the CT Sasazuka Building in Shibuya.<ref name="Companyprofile">"会社概要." Smilesoft. February 12, 2002. Retrieved on February 11, 2010.</ref> In May 1985 the headquarters of Bandai Visual moved to Shibuya. In March 1990 the headquarters moved to Shinjuku.<ref>"History Template:Webarchive." Bandai Visual. Retrieved on March 16, 2010.</ref>

A.D. Vision - Tokyo, Y.K., the Japanese subsidiary of A.D. Vision, was in Shibuya.<ref>"Contact ADV Template:Webarchive." A.D. Vision. Retrieved on May 8, 2009.</ref> Acclaim Entertainment once had its Tokyo office in the Nomora Building.<ref>"Worldwide locations." Acclaim Entertainment. June 23, 2000. Retrieved on July 8, 2010.</ref> The Japanese subsidiary of Titus Interactive, Titus Japan K.K., had its head office on the eighth floor of the Kotubuki Dogenzaka Building in Dōgenzaka.<ref name=Contact2004>"Contact." Titus Interactive. 3 June 2004. Retrieved on 4 September 2012.</ref> The former animation studio; Group TAC was also located here.

Square Enix headquarters were located in Yoyogi before moving to Shinjuku in 2012.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

CompaniesEdit

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  • Coca-Cola<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Campbells Soup's Japan division is headquartered in Shibuya, on the 10th floor of the Tokyo Tatemono Hiroo Building.<ref>"Profile." Campbells Soup Japan. Retrieved on November 10, 2008.</ref>
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  • Gap Inc<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Ito En: bottler of tea, coffee, vegetable drinks, and other beverages<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Papas: clothing, cafe, and bakery company<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Trend Micro Japan: security software company<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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EducationEdit

File:Aoyama Gakuin Majima Memorial Hall.JPG
Aoyama Gakuin Majima Memorial Hall

Colleges and universitiesEdit

Primary and secondary schoolsEdit

The Template:Ill operates public elementary and junior high schools, while Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education operates public senior high schools.

Public combined elementary and junior high schools<ref name=JHSlist>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=ESlist>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Junior high schools:<ref name=JHSlist/> Template:Div col

Template:Div col end

Elementary schools:<ref name=ESlist/> Template:Div col

Template:Div col end

Private schools include: Template:Div col

  • Aoyama Gakuin Elementary, Junior and Senior High School—private co-ed school, in Shibuya, affiliated with Aoyama Gakuin University
  • Template:Interlanguage link—public co-ed school, in Jingūmae
  • First Commercial High School—public co-ed school, in Daikanyama
  • Fujimigaoka Junior and Senior High School—private girls' school, in Sasazuka
  • Hiroo Gakuen Junior and Senior High School—private co-ed school, in Hiroo
  • Hiroo High School—public co-ed school, in Higashi
  • International School of Sacred Heart, in Hiroo
  • Jingūmae International Exchange School (JIES), within the Shibuya Ward Jingūmae Elementary School in Omotesando
  • Jissen Joshi-Gakuen Elementary, Junior and Senior High School—private girls' school, in Higashi, affiliated with Jissen Women's University
  • Kantō International Senior High School—private co-ed school, in Honchō
  • Kokugakuin Senior High School—private co-ed school, in Jingūmae

Template:Div col end

The British School in Tokyo Shibuya Campus was previously in operation.<ref>"Facilities and Location." British School in Tokyo. Retrieved on 8 March 2015. "BST Shibuya Campus – (Nursery to Year 3) Address: 1-21-18 Shibuya Shibuya-ku Tokyo 150-0002" (Map) and "BST Showa Campus – (Year 4 to Year 13) Address: Showa Women’s University 5th Bldg. 1-7-57 Taishido Setagaya-ku Tokyo 154-8533"</ref>

Public librariesEdit

Shibuya operates several public libraries, including the Central Library, the Nishihara Library, the Shibuya Library, the Tomigaya Library, the Sasazuka Library, the Honmachi Library, and the Rinsen Library. In addition, the Yoyogi Youth Hall houses the Yoyogi Library Room.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In popular cultureEdit

Shibuya has appeared in the manga Alice in Borderland, Jujutsu Kaisen with its 'Shibuya Incident' arc, Super GALS! Kotobuki Ran, Tokyo Revengers and Ya Boy Kongming!.

It has featured in the television series Jellyfish Can't Swim in the Night.

It has also appeared in the videogames Chaos;Head, Ghostwire: Tokyo, Hatsune Miku: Colorful Stage!, Persona 5, The World Ends With You, Neo: The World Ends with You, Tokyo Mirage Sessions ♯FE,Reynatis. And in Kingdom hearts 4 The city of Quadratum is based on Shibuya

International relationsEdit

Friendship cityEdit

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Sister citiesEdit

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International organization offices in ShibuyaEdit

File:United Nations University 2024.jpg
United Nations University Headquarters Building

There are following offices at the United Nations University Headquarters Building in Jingūmae, Shibuya.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Diplomatic missions in ShibuyaEdit

File:クロアチア大使館全景.jpg
Embassy of Croatia in Hiroo, Shibuya

Following countries operate their embassies in Shibuya.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Div col

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GalleryEdit

  • 2018 Shibuya Crossing.jpg

    Shibuya crossing at ground level

  • Shibuya scramble square sky view of crossing wide (48994670573).jpg

    View from the Sky View observation deck

  • Scramble from above, SHIBUYA SKY (49367161357).jpg

    Shibuya crossing at night

  • Shibuya at night 03 (15120002334).jpg

    Streets of Shibuya at night

  • Facade of the polyhedral glass building The Iceberg, Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan.jpg

    "The Iceberg", building in Shibuya

See alsoEdit

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Similar venues with electronic billboards, jumbotrons and media towers.

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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